This document summarizes information about glycine, the smallest amino acid. It discusses glycine's structure and functions, which include involvement in motor control, pain perception, and enhancing antioxidants. Glycine acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter and is synthesized through various pathways in the body. It is stored in synaptic vesicles and binds to both alpha and beta receptor subtypes. The document outlines glycine's metabolism, reuptake, and interactions with agonists and antagonists. It concludes by discussing metabolic disorders related to glycine like hyperekplexia and glycinuria.
My presentation on neurotransmitter glutamate. References from Comprehensive textbook of psychiatry 9th edition and Stahl's essential psychopharmacology 4th edition.
Neurotransmitters/General aspect and steps involved in neurotransmission.pptxSIRAJUDDIN MOLLA
Neurotransmission (Latin: transmission "passage, crossing" from transmitter "send, let through"), is the process by which signalling molecules called neurotransmitters are released by the axon terminal of a neuron and bind to and react with the receptors on the dendrites of another neuron
My presentation on neurotransmitter glutamate. References from Comprehensive textbook of psychiatry 9th edition and Stahl's essential psychopharmacology 4th edition.
Neurotransmitters/General aspect and steps involved in neurotransmission.pptxSIRAJUDDIN MOLLA
Neurotransmission (Latin: transmission "passage, crossing" from transmitter "send, let through"), is the process by which signalling molecules called neurotransmitters are released by the axon terminal of a neuron and bind to and react with the receptors on the dendrites of another neuron
Non adrenergic non cholinergic transmission(nanc)Merlin Binu
Neurotransmitters other than Acetyl choline and NorAdrenaline of parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system play important role in synaptic junction transmission. That neurotransmitters are called NANC.
Neurohumoral transmission in CNS ,special emphasis on importance of various neurotransmitters like with GABA, Glutamate, Glycine, serotonin and dopamine
This presentation impart a knowledge about Histamine,receptor,and antagonist.
Recent advances also mentioned like H3 & H4 receptors role in cognitive impairment etc.
Neurotransmission (Latin: transmission "passage, crossing" from transmitter "send, let through"), is the process by which signalling molecules called neurotransmitters are released by the axon terminal of a neuron and bind to and react with the receptors on the dendrites of another neuron
Classification of receptors family by vivek sharmaAnimatedWorld
Definition- Receptor are the biologic molecule to which drug bind and produces a measurable response.
So, enzyme and structural proteins can be considerd to be pharmacologic receptors.
Majorly receptor are of 4 types and the molecule or a drug interact to receptor to give response often called as ligand.
The type of receptor a ligand will bind is depend on the nature of ligand.
Hydrophilliic ligand binds to the receptor found on the cell surface.
Hydrophobic ligand can enter the cell membrane to intract the receptor present on inside the cells.
Classification of Receptors
A. Cell surface receptor
Ligand-gated Ion Channel
G Protein Coupled Receptor
Enzyme linked Receptor
B. Intracellular Receptor
Nuclear Receptor
Introduction to Genetic Variation in GPCR
G-Protein couple Receptor
Genetic variation in GPCRs
V2 Vasopressin Receptor, Thrombroxane Receptor, P2Y 12ADP Receptor, Chemokine Receptor, Biogenic amine receptors
Presented by
R. REKHA
Department of Pharmacology
Non adrenergic non cholinergic transmission(nanc)Merlin Binu
Neurotransmitters other than Acetyl choline and NorAdrenaline of parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system play important role in synaptic junction transmission. That neurotransmitters are called NANC.
Neurohumoral transmission in CNS ,special emphasis on importance of various neurotransmitters like with GABA, Glutamate, Glycine, serotonin and dopamine
This presentation impart a knowledge about Histamine,receptor,and antagonist.
Recent advances also mentioned like H3 & H4 receptors role in cognitive impairment etc.
Neurotransmission (Latin: transmission "passage, crossing" from transmitter "send, let through"), is the process by which signalling molecules called neurotransmitters are released by the axon terminal of a neuron and bind to and react with the receptors on the dendrites of another neuron
Classification of receptors family by vivek sharmaAnimatedWorld
Definition- Receptor are the biologic molecule to which drug bind and produces a measurable response.
So, enzyme and structural proteins can be considerd to be pharmacologic receptors.
Majorly receptor are of 4 types and the molecule or a drug interact to receptor to give response often called as ligand.
The type of receptor a ligand will bind is depend on the nature of ligand.
Hydrophilliic ligand binds to the receptor found on the cell surface.
Hydrophobic ligand can enter the cell membrane to intract the receptor present on inside the cells.
Classification of Receptors
A. Cell surface receptor
Ligand-gated Ion Channel
G Protein Coupled Receptor
Enzyme linked Receptor
B. Intracellular Receptor
Nuclear Receptor
Introduction to Genetic Variation in GPCR
G-Protein couple Receptor
Genetic variation in GPCRs
V2 Vasopressin Receptor, Thrombroxane Receptor, P2Y 12ADP Receptor, Chemokine Receptor, Biogenic amine receptors
Presented by
R. REKHA
Department of Pharmacology
NSAIDs have an extremely safe profile when used for acute dental pain.
Within a group they tend to have similar characteristics & tolerability. There is little difference in clinical efficacy among the NSAIDs when used at equivalent doses.
Rather, differences among compounds usually relate to dosing regimens (related to compound’s elimination half –life), route of administration, & tolerability profile.
So, clinician should have a thorough knowledge of mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, dosage & adverse effects of each drug before prescribing the same.
Agmatine is an amino acid that offers a wide of cognitive boosting benefits. It also has excellent effects on reducing neuropathic pain, as well as drug addiction habits. It is neuroprotectant and can reduce tolerance built to many medications like benzodiazepines, morphine, and other painkillers. It also synergizes with SSRI’s & cannabis.
Originally published at: https://nootro.info/agmatine/
Dr. Jibachha Sah,M.V.Sc( Veterinary pharmacology, TU,Nepal),posted lecturer notes on AUTONOMIC AND SYSTEMIC PHARMACOLOGY for B.V.Sc & A.H. 6 th semester veterinary students of College of veterinary science,Nepal Polytechnique Institute, Bharatpur, Bhojard, Chitwan, Nepal.I hope this lecture notes may be beneficial for other Nepalese veterinary students. Please send your comment and suggestion .Email:jibachhashah@gmail.com,moble,00977-9845024121
Glutathione is the essential antioxidant for body health help, a strengthener, and Immune stimulant. This small protein, naturally produced in the body, keeps these three protective functions.
Screening methods of Anti epileptic drugs.
Different methods to induce Experimental epilepsy.
Physical and chemical types of screening model of epilepsy.
Pharmacology of Hypertension.
Pulmonary Hypertension.
Regulation of blood pressure.
Classification of Anti-Hypertensive drugs.
Treatment of Hypertension.
Diuretics.
Epilepsy and Anti epileptic drugs.
Cellular mechanism of epilepsy.
Classification of epileptic drugs.
Pharmacological action of epilepsy.
Treatment of epilepsy.
Neurohumoral transmission in autonomic nervous system
(This slideShare detailed about neurotransmitters - Acetyl
choline).
Synthesis, storage, release, binding, receptors, metabolism and reuptake of acetylcholine.
Step in neurohumoral transmission.
Classification of cholinergic and anticholinergic agents
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...
Glycine Neurotransmitter
1. GLYCINE
Presented by A. Gowtham Sashtha 1st M.Pharm
Department of pharmacology
K.M College of pharmacy.
Madurai – 625107.
2. Introduction
➜ Glycine is smallest amino acids and acts as a inhibitory neuronal transmission
➜ Glycine is a colorless, sweet-tasting crystalline solid.
➜ Glycine distributed in body fluids and tissue proteins.
and it's structurally and functionally similar to the GABAa receptor.
➜ Glycine is present in particularly high concentration
(5 µmol/g) in the grey matter of the spinal cord.
➜structure :
3. Function
➜There, they are mainly involved in motor control and pain
perception in the adult.
➜To prevent the tissue injury.
➜To enhance the anti-oxidants capacity.
➜To promote protein synthesis and wound healing.
➜To improve immunity.
➜To improve digestion and glucose control.
11. Storage & Release
GABA, glycine, and glutamate are the only major amino acid neurotransmitters
stored in synaptic vesicles (VIAT)and that GABA and glycine are transported by
similar, if not identical transporters.
Binding & Receptors
Glycine binding with both α & β subtypes receptors.
It is ligand gated ion channel types of receptors and also knowns as inhibitory
chloride channel protein.
Glycine Receptors are Closely Related to GABAa Receptors.
Glycine receptors are the major inhibitory receptors in the spinal cord and brain
stem.
It provide inhibitory functions similar to the GABAa and NMDA receptors.
20. Reuptake
Glycine is rapidly reuptake into the
presynaptic terminal or surrounding glial
cells with help of two glycine
transporters, GLYT1 and GLYT2, are
known.
Inhibited by Bitopertin, Sarcosine
selective glycine transporters blocking
agent
GlyT1 blocker : N-Arachidonylglycine
22. Glycine
➜Glycine available in tablet & injection form.
➜Rich foods including meat, fish, dairy, and legumes. Glycine can also be
taken as a supplement.
➜Some researchers think glycine may have a role in cancer prevention
because it seems to interfere with the blood supply needed by certain tumors.
use : Glycine is used for treating schizophrenia, stroke, benign prostatic
hyperplasia (BPH), It is also used to protect kidneys from the harmful side
effects of certain drugs used after organ transplantation as well as the liver
from harmful effects of alcohol.
23. β-Alanine & L-Alanine
Beta-alanine That's a compound produced in muscle endurance in
high-intensity exercise. is commonly used by mouth for improving athletic
performance and building lean muscle mass in younger adults, and
improving physical performance in elderly adults.
Alpha-alanine It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. is used for
low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), diarrhea-related dehydration, liver disease,
enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hypertrophy, BPH), fatigue, stress, and
certain inherited disorders including glycogen storage disease and urea
cycle disorders.
24. D-Serine & l-Serine
D-serine is a potent co-agonist at the NMDA glutamate receptor . used for
schizophrenia, Parkinson disease, and memory and thinking skills (cognitive
function),
L-serine The conversion of L-serine to glycine by serine
hydroxymethyltransferase results in the formation of the one-carbon units
necessary for the synthesis of the purine bases, adenine and guanine.is
used to improve sleeping, Lou Gehrig's disease
ADR : Nausea, vomiting, and stomach upset,
25. Taurine & Hypotaurine
Taurine Taurine activates glycine receptors to mediate its effects on
neurons.occurs naturally in the human brain.Taurine is an herbal
supplement that can be used in the treatment for congestive heart failure,
high blood pressure, high cholesterol, cystic fibrosis, and to prevent the
buildup of plaque in the arteries throughout the body.
Hypotaurine is a biosynthesis of taurine. it also acts as an endogenous
neurotransmitter via action on the glycine receptors. It is an osmolyte with
antioxidant properties.
ADR : diarrhea and constipation.
26. Milacemide
Milacemide (INN) it's a glycine prodrug. directly acting on Glycine
Receptors. It has been studied for its effects on human memory and as a
potential treatment for the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. and also act
as MAO-B Inhibitors.
27. Drug Acting on Glycine Receptors Antagonist
Selective.
➜Strychnine.
➜Brucine.
➜Tutin.
Non-selective.
➜Bicuculline.
➜Caffeine. ➜Pitrazepin.
➜Picrotoxin. ➜Thiocolchicoside.
28. Strychnine
Strychnine It primarily affects the motor nerve fibers in the spinal cord
which control muscle contraction. that can be taken by mouth, inhaled
(breathed in), or mixed in a solution and given intravenously. only is a small
amount needed to the patient.
ADR : Agitation,fear,Restlessness.,Easily startled,Jaw tightness
use : It is used in veterinary medicine as CNS stimulant and tonic and
Strychnine causes muscular convulsions
It is used to antidote for barbiturates poisoning & also used for
rodenticide.
29. Brucine
Brucine closely related to strychnine.
ADR : muscle spasms, convulsions, rhabdomyolysis, and acute kidney
injury.
use :It is used in anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent, as well as in
some Ayurveda and homeopathy drugs.
30. Tetanus toxin
Tetanus toxin blocks the release of the inhibitory neurotransmitters
glycine and GABA.
Tetanus toxin produced by the vegetative cell of Clostridium tetani in
anaerobic conditions caused by tetanus.
Tetanus toxin does not cross to the blood brain barrier.
Tetanus toxin may bind directly at neuromuscular junctions and cause
neuromuscular facilitation.
Symptoms:
Tetanus causes painful muscle contractions, particularly in the jaw and
neck. It can interfere with the ability to breathe, eventually causing death.
31. Clinical manifestations :
Whole body: fever, high blood pressure, nervous system
dysfunction, or sweating
Muscular: muscle spasms, cramping, facial muscle spasms, or stiff
muscles
Respiratory: episodes of no breathing or shortness of breath
Treatment :
Antibiotic, penicillin, sedative drugs, Dietary supplements.
Tetanus toxoid vaccine.
32. Bicuculline & picrotoxin
Bicuculline acts as a competitive antagonist at the GABA-binding site of
the GABAa receptor. This model can be used for screening for classical
anticonvulsant drugs,
Picrotoxin It is a noncompetitive antagonist at GABAA receptors & acts as
inhibitory chloride ion channel in GABAa receptors and it is used as a CNS
stimulant, antidote, convulsant,
ADR : unconsciousness, delirium, convulsions, gastro-enteritis and
stimulation of the respiratory centre followed by paralysis, from which
death sometimes results.
33. Coffeine
Caffeine is a weak competitive glycine antagonist, with slightly differing
IC50 at the four GlyR subtypes. GlyR subtypes have differing caffeine
sensitivity. and it effectively suppress the glycine GlyR subtypes.
ADR : Dizziness, headache, Restlessness, Dehydration, anxiety.
use: Caffeine is the most widely used psychoactive drug,
34. Thiocolchicoside
Thiocolchicoside acts as a glycine receptors antagonist and also act as a
competitive GABAa receptor antagonist with similar potency.and nicotinic
acetylcholine receptors to a much lesser extent.
ADR : Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea,skin rashes, itching, Drowsiness
use: muscle relaxant with anti-inflammatory analgesic effects spinal cord
disorder and relieve pain after surgery.
35. Glycine site blocking drug
Kynurenic acid : This drug acting as an
antagonist at excitatory amino acid receptors.
for example NMDA receptors.
This drug is used to antiexcitotoxic and
anticonvulsant
36. Metabolic disorder of glycine
1) Hyperekplexia (Startle disease)
Hyperekplexia is a rare hereditary, neurological disorder that may
affect infants as newborns (neonatal) or prior to birth (in utero). It may also
affect children and adults.
Individuals with this disorder have an excessive startle reaction (eye
blinking or body spasms) to sudden unexpected noise, movement, or touch.
It is treated by administration of the drug is clonazepam.
37. 2) Glycinuria :
Glycine level increased in blood and CSF. It is a rare disorder. kidney
disorder characterized by the presence of excessive amounts of glycine in
the urine but serum glycine is normal.
It is characterized by increased formation of oxalate renal stone.
Symptoms : encephalopathy, mental retardation, deafness, blindness,
kidney stones, hypertension
Treatment :
⇑ - Water intake - Increases oxalate excretion in urine.
⇓ - oxalate in diet - spinach,beet-root,tea,sesame seeds.
38. 3) Hyperoxaluria :
It is a condition that occurs when there is too much oxalate in urine
To produce kidney stones and loss of kidney function..
It is normally eliminated from the body through the kidneys in the
urine (and can also be eliminated through stool).
Symptoms : Severe or sudden back pain.Blood in the urine.Pain when
urinating.Chills or fever.
It is treated by administration of the drug is oxlumo(lumasiran)
40. Zoho Show
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