1. Co-transmission in the autonomic nervous system involves the release of multiple neurotransmitters and neuromodulators from neurons in addition to the primary neurotransmitters acetylcholine and norepinephrine. Common co-transmitters include ATP, neuropeptide Y, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and substance P.
2. Non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) transmission describes responses mediated by neurotransmitters other than acetylcholine or norepinephrine, such as purines like ATP, nitric oxide, and peptides.
3. In blood vessels, endothelium-derived nitric oxide is an important NANC transmitter that causes vasodilation in response to various stimuli through activation of
Non adrenergic non cholinergic transmission(nanc)Merlin Binu
Neurotransmitters other than Acetyl choline and NorAdrenaline of parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system play important role in synaptic junction transmission. That neurotransmitters are called NANC.
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Neurotransmission (Latin: transmission "passage, crossing" from transmitter "send, let through"), is the process by which signalling molecules called neurotransmitters are released by the axon terminal of a neuron and bind to and react with the receptors on the dendrites of another neuron
Screening Methods for behavioural and muscle Coordinationpradnya Jagtap
Screening Methods for behavioural and muscle Coordination
A. Motor activity and behaviour
1. Method of intermittent observation
2.Open field test
3.Hole board test
4.Combined open field test
B.Test for muscle coordination
1.Inclined plane method
2.Chimny test
3.Grip strength
4.Rotarod method
Non adrenergic non cholinergic transmission(nanc)Merlin Binu
Neurotransmitters other than Acetyl choline and NorAdrenaline of parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system play important role in synaptic junction transmission. That neurotransmitters are called NANC.
Neurotransmitters/General aspect and steps involved in neurotransmission.pptxSIRAJUDDIN MOLLA
Neurotransmission (Latin: transmission "passage, crossing" from transmitter "send, let through"), is the process by which signalling molecules called neurotransmitters are released by the axon terminal of a neuron and bind to and react with the receptors on the dendrites of another neuron
Screening Methods for behavioural and muscle Coordinationpradnya Jagtap
Screening Methods for behavioural and muscle Coordination
A. Motor activity and behaviour
1. Method of intermittent observation
2.Open field test
3.Hole board test
4.Combined open field test
B.Test for muscle coordination
1.Inclined plane method
2.Chimny test
3.Grip strength
4.Rotarod method
Introduction to Screening Models of Anti-Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis, Screening models, In vitro models, In vivo models
Presented by
SHAIK FIRDOUS BANU
Department of Pharmacology
This file includes the general introduction to Alzheimer's, histopathology and Pharmacological treatment of Alzheimer's, preclinical screening models used in Alzheimer's. I hope this file may useful to life science students
Introduction to Screening Models Of Anti Cancer Drugs
Need for novel anti cancer drugs, In - vitro methods, In - vivo methods, Advantages and disadvantages
Presented by
T. Niranjan Reddy
Department of Pharmacology
Non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) transmission/mediators describes a part of the nervous system which does not use acetylcholine or noradrenaline as transmitters.
A substance that is released at a synapse by a neuron and that effects another cell, either a neuron or an effectors organ, in a specialized manner , called neurotransmitter.
Introduction to Screening Models of Anti-Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis, Screening models, In vitro models, In vivo models
Presented by
SHAIK FIRDOUS BANU
Department of Pharmacology
This file includes the general introduction to Alzheimer's, histopathology and Pharmacological treatment of Alzheimer's, preclinical screening models used in Alzheimer's. I hope this file may useful to life science students
Introduction to Screening Models Of Anti Cancer Drugs
Need for novel anti cancer drugs, In - vitro methods, In - vivo methods, Advantages and disadvantages
Presented by
T. Niranjan Reddy
Department of Pharmacology
Non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) transmission/mediators describes a part of the nervous system which does not use acetylcholine or noradrenaline as transmitters.
A substance that is released at a synapse by a neuron and that effects another cell, either a neuron or an effectors organ, in a specialized manner , called neurotransmitter.
The all the content in this profile is completed by the teachers, students as well as other health care peoples.
thank you, all the respected peoples, for giving the information to complete this presentation.
this information is free to use by anyone.
Brief description of all vasoactive peptides with their synthesis, receptors on which they act and mode of action along with their agonist or antagonists. Also including their effects on human body.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
1. Co-transmission & Non
Adrenergic Non Cholinergic
Transmission in ANS
Presented By
Poovarasan E
M.Pharm 1st Year
Department Of Pharmacology
PSG College Of Pharmacy
1
Neurotransmission
2. Contents :
• Introduction
• Co-transmission in Autonomic Nervous system
• ATP
• Neuropeptide Y
• Vasoactive intestinal peptide
• Substance P
• Calcitonin gene related peptide
• Non-adrenergic Noncholinergic transmission
• NANC Transmission by purines
• NANC Transmission in vascular responses by Endothelium derived factors
• Bibliography
2
Neurotransmission
3. Introduction:
Neurotransmission :
Neurotransmission is the process in which a neurochemical signal is
transmitted from one neuron to an adjacent neuron.
Neurotransmitter are released by the presynaptic neuron, travel across
the synaptic cleft, and then bind to and activate receptors on the
postsynaptic neuron.
The various neurotransmitters are
Acetylcholine
Amino acids ( asparagine, GABA, glutamate, and glycine)
Mono amines ( Dopamine, histamine, epinephrine and Norepinephrine)
Traces amines, purines, and variety of neuropeptides.
3
Neurotransmission
6. Co-transmission in ANS
Peripheral and central neurons release more than one active substance
when those gets stimulated. Such co released substance are called co-
transmitters.
This co-transmitters are stored in same neuron at different vesicles at the
same time ATP and NA stored in same vesicles.
The released co-transmitters may act as neuro modulators,
neurotransmitters or trophic factors.
6
Neurotransmission
7. Contd..
In ANS, besides the primary neurotransmitters ACh and NA, neurones
have been found elaborates:
Purines
ATP, Adenosine
Peptides
Vaso active intestinal peptide, NPY, Substance P, Enkephalins,
Somatostatin, CGRP
Non-Peptides:
Nitric oxide (NO) & Prostaglandin
Neurotransmission 7
9. ATP
• ATP plays a role in sympathetic nerves as co-transmitter with NE
• Vas deferens of rodent is supplied with dense sympathetic innervation,
and stimulation of the nerves results in biphasic mechanical response
that consists initial rapid followed by sustained contraction.
• The first phase of the response is mediated by ATP acting on
postjunctional P2X Receptors, whereas the second phase is mediated by
NE acting on α1 receptors
9
Neurotransmission
10. Contd..
• When ATP is released into the neuroeffector junction , it gets
metabolized by membrane bound nucleotidases to ADP, AMP and
Adenosine.
• ATP and its metabolites may also acts on presynaptic P2 receptors.
So ATP also acts as neuromodulator.
Neurotransmission 10
11. Neuropeptide Y(NPY)
• NPY is colocalized and co-released with NE and ATP in sympathetic
nerves especially those innervating blood vessels and it causes
constriction of blood vessels.
• NPY also exerts prejunctional modulatory effects on transmitter
release and synthesis.
11
Neurotransmission
12. Functions of Neuropeptide-Y:
• Direct postjunctional contractile effects by acts on Y1 subtype
receptor.
• NPY act prejunctionally to inhibit the release of NE, DA, Ach, CGRP ,
and substance –P by inhibition of Ca2+ channels, activation of K+
channels.
• Potentiation of the contractile effects of the other sympathetic co-
transmitters.
Neurotransmission 12
13. Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide(VIP)
• Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) co-released with ACh
parasympathetic division of autonomic nerves system.
• VIP regulates the secretions of saliva during cholinergic stimulation
and it partly contributes in vasodilation.
• VIP may be involved in parasympathetic responses in trachea and in
the GI tract, where it facilitate sphincter relaxation.
13
Neurotransmission
14. Substance P:
• It is co-transmitter with acetylcholine.
• Substance P released from sensory nerves and it mediate
inflammation, it includes airway smooth muscle contraction.
• It can cause vasodilatation with increased with increased plasma
extravasation and exudation.
• It contracts smooth muscles binding NK2 receptor.
Neurotransmission 14
15. Calcitonin gene related peptide(CGRP)
CGRP is a potent vasodilator and useful for treating vascular related
disease.
The receptor for CGRP is G-protein coupled receptors composed of
three functional proteins.
It plays an important role in vascular tone regulation and used
migraine and other vascular related diseases like hypertension.
Neurotransmission 15
16. Enkephalins:
Enkephalins are endogenous opioid pentapeptides that are produced
mainly in adrenal medulla and other peripheral tissues.
It plays the role of neurotransmitter or neuromodulator of specific
neuronal systems.
Enkephalins stimulate acid secretion and inhibit pancreatic enzyme
and sodium bicarbonates from pancreas.
Neurotransmission 16
17. Non-adrenergic Non-cholinergic transmission
• Non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) transmission/mediators describes a
part of autonomic nervous systems which dose not use acetylcholine or
noradrenaline as transmitters.
• NANC transmitters includes ATP, NO, NPY, VIP, GABA, DA, etc.
• Nonadrenergic, noncholinergic (NANC) transmission has been demonstrated
in the autonomic innervation of the gut, vas deferens, urinary tract, salivary
glands, and certain bloods where nerve stimulation causes limited response
in presence of certain adrenergic and cholinergic blocking agents.
17
Neurotransmission
19. Nonadrenergic Noncholinergic transmission by
purines
• Some of the NANC fibres are motor fibres that cause the release of
purines (ATP, adenosine etc.)
• Purines are derived from breakdown of ATP.
• The main effects of adenosine are: vasodilatation, inhibition of platelet
aggregation, bronchoconstriction and neuroprotection during ischaemia.
19
Neurotransmission
20. Contd..
• Other NANC fibres are some sensory fibres and these are activated by
sensory inputs and these sensory fibres release peptide transmitters(
e.g. VIP, CGRP, NPY) are potent agonists at autonomic effector tissues.
• The purinergic receptor can be classified into two types
• Receptor for adenosine(P1) and subtypes ( A1,A2A,A2B,A3)
• Receptor for ATP (P2X and P2Y receptors )
Neurotransmission 20
22. NANC Transmission in vascular responses by
Endothelium derived factors
• Nitric oxide and endothelins have also been identified as potentially
important NANC transmitters in vascular responses.
• In response to a variety of vasoactive agents and even physical stimuli the
endothelial cells release a short lived vasodilator called as endothelium
derived releasing factor ( EDRF) which has been identified as nitric oxide (
NO)
• Stimulation muscarinic receptors by exogenously administered ACh causes
release of nitric oxide which diffuses smooth muscle to cause relaxation by
activating guanyl cyclase and increases concentration cGMP which cause
relaxation of smooth muscle.
22
Neurotransmission
23. Contd..
• It plays an important role in vasodilation and hyperpolarization of the
smooth muscle.
• The endothelin peptides contribute to the maintenance of vascular
homeostasis by reversing the response of nitric oxide.
Neurotransmission 23
24. Bibliography:
• Essentials of MEDICAL PHARMACOLOGY by KD Tripathi
• Principles of pharmacology by HL Sharma and KK Sharma
• Goodman and Gilman’s The pharmacological basis of therapeutics
• Encyclopaedic Reference of Molecular Pharmacology.
• www.google.com
24
Neurotransmission
