Opioids are psychoactive chemicals that bind to opioid receptors in the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, and gastrointestinal tract. Opioid receptors are classified into μ, κ, and δ types. Opioids can function as agonists, partial agonists, or antagonists at these receptors. Opioids are classified based on their origin, such as natural, semisynthetic, or synthetic, and based on their strength and function, such as pure agonists, partial agonists, agonist-antagonists, or pure antagonists. The pharmacological actions of opioids include analgesia, respiratory depression, sedation, myosis, and decreased blood pressure through effects on the central nervous system, eyes,

1. OPIOID AUTOCOIDS
PRESENTED BY
Sushma Arikella
Application no: d9b9687df31511e9b781cb6f05b890ea
Department of Pharmacology
G.Pulla reddy college of pharmacy
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2. o Autacoid : Auta - self , Coid - Healing
o Autacoid is self healing substances.
o Autacoids also known as local harmones , and mostly
originated from diffused tissues and transported to various target
sites.
o Autacoids play an important role in physiological and
pathological process and act as neurotransmitters and
neuromodulators.
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3. OPIOIDS
• Opioid is a psychoactive chemical that works by binding to
opioid receptors which are found principally in the CNS , PNS
and GIT.
• The receptors in these organ system mediate both the benificial
and side effects of opiods.
• Opioid drug function as agonist , partial agonist , antagonist.
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4. CLASSIFICATION OF OPIOID
RECEPTORS
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5. Opioid
receptors
µ
µ 1 µ 2
δ k
k1 k2
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6. µ RECEPTOR K RECEPTOR δ RECEPTOR
LOCATION µ1 – supra spinal
µ2 - spinal
K1 – spinal
K3 – supra spinal
Spinal
Supra spinal
Analgesia
Respiratory depression
Sedation
Euphoria
Meiosis
Physical dependence
Loss of GI motility
Spinal analgesia
Dysphoria
Sedation
Psychomimetic
Physical
dependence
Spinal analgesia
Effective behaviour
Respiratory depression
Reduced GI motility
AGONISTS Morphine, codeine ,
fentanyl ,
pentazocine
pentazocine enkephalins
ANTAGONISTS Naloxone
Naltrexone
nalmefene
Naloxone
Naltrexone
nalmefene
Naloxone
Naltrexone
nalmefene
EFFECTS
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7. Pharmacological action
 On CNS : Analgesic effect
Respiratory depression
sedation
 On Eyes : shows myosis
 On heart : shows bradycardia
 On Blood vessels : decrease BP
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8. Classification of opioids
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9. TRADITION ORIGIN FUNCTION
STRONG
Morphine
Pethidine
Fentanyl
Alfentanil
Remifentanil
Sufentanil
NATURALLY OCCURRING
Morphine
Codeine
Papavarine
Thebaine
PURE AGONISTS
Morphine
Fentanyl
Alfentanil
Remifentanil
Sufentanil
PARTIAL AGONIST
Buprenorphine
INTERMEDIATE
Buprenorphine
Pentazocine
Butorphanol
Nalbuphine
SEMISYNTHETIC
Diamorphine
Dihydrocodeine
Buprenorphine
AGONISTS-ANTAGONISTS
Pentazocine
Nalbuphine
Nalorphine
WEAK
Codeine
SYNTHETIC
Phenylpyperidines:
pethidine, fentanyl, alfentanil, sufentanil
Diphenylpropylamines:
methadone, dextropropoxyphene
Morphinans: butorphanol, levorphanol
PURE ANTAGONISTS
Naloxone
Naltrexone
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10. Mechanism of action
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11. acknowledgement
Academic writing
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12. THANK YOU
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