1. Application of different
species & strains of animals
Presented by
A. Gowtham Sashtha 1st M.pharm
Department of pharmacology
K.M College of pharmacy Madurai - 625107.
2. Introduction :
➜Choice of species is largely determined by the nature
of the experiment, available facilities and the suitability
for a particular type of research.
➜Anyone using mice or rats also has the choice of
many strains.
3. Types of species & Strain :
Animal species :
➜Mice
➜ Rat
➜Fish
➜Birds
➜Guinea pig
➜Rabbit
➜Dogs
➜Non human primates
Animals strains :
➜Isogenic Strains
➜Mutants strains
➜Transgenic strains
➜"Knockout" Strains
5. Isogenic Strains :
➜Inbred strains or F1 (first generation)
➜Defined as a product of over 20 generation of
brother sister matings which results in indivituals that are
98% identical to each other's
➜After 40 generation og det inbreeding they are
99.5% similar. in other words, they are almost clones.
➜As animals maintained at different institutions for
many generations may show genetic drift,even though
they originate from the same source.
6.
7. Mutants strains :
➜Many mutations have arisen in mouse and, to a
lesser extent, in rat colonies either spontaneously or as a
result of irradiation or chemical treatment.
➜For example mutant athymic “nude” mice and rats
have a defective cell mediated immune system and will
grow human tumour xenografts.
➜Various obese mutations have made a fundamental
contribution to our understanding of obesity and
metabolism.
8.
9. Transgenic strains :
➜Transgenic strains are most commonly used in
mice.
➜These strains are made by the incorporation of
DNA from another source into the genome.
➜This is usually done by microinjection into an early
embryo.
➜The aim is usually to get an animal to express a
foreign gene.
10.
11. Knockout strains :
➜These are strains in which one or more host genes
have been inactivated either altogether or in a particular
tissue or at a particular time.
➜This technique used to obtain this strain (deletion,
disruption, promoter inactivation).
15. Mouse (Mus musculus )
➜Mice is used in a variety
of other types of research,
including cancer, immunology,
toxicology, metabolism,
developmental biology, diabetes,
obesity, aging, and
cardiovascular research.
16.
17.
18. Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
➜While less commonly
used for research than mice,
rats have served as an
important animal model for
research in psychology and
biomedical science.
19.
20.
21. Guinea pig (Cavia Porcellus)
➜Today, guinea pigs are still
widely used in medical research,
particularly in the study of
respiratory, nervous and immune
systems.
➜Gerbils and guinea pigs have a
similar hearing range to humans
which makes them a useful model
for understanding how our ears
work and how they can be repaired.
22.
23.
24. Rabbit(Oryctolagus cuniculus)
➜Rabbits are also used in
experiments to study
cardiovascular disease, skin
conditions, and spinal cord injuries.
➜The surgically mutilated
animals were observed for 24
weeks and then killed.
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