Psychological impact of chronic illness2
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Chronic illness can cause psychological stress and impact coping abilities. It involves a cognitive appraisal of the illness in relation to one's resources. While it may cause anxiety, depression, guilt or anger, social support and personality can mediate these effects. Common emotional reactions include denial, anger, depression, and acceptance through various stages. Multimodal interventions aim to help patients adjust, manage stress and pain, learn coping skills, and strengthen family communication. Chronic illness strongly impacts social and emotional well-being, and better coping is linked to improved prognosis and health outcomes.
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- 2. Psychological impact of chronic illness Dr. Amal Yassien Haikal Lecturer of psychiatry Faculty of medicine- Mansoura University 2
- 3. Chronic illness is considered as a stressful event. Definition of stress: The cognitive appraisal of external events in relation to one’s coping resources & its physiological responses in the individual. 3
- 4. • eustress optimal arousal for Primary task performance appraisal: • stressful higher arousal, distress & deterioration of performance “event” Secondary appraisal: • sufficient successful coping • insufficient vulnerability “coping resources” 4
- 5. factors that increase or decrease the effects of stress. mediators that protect from unhealthy effects of stress 5
- 6. Personality ”type A/B” Emotional Cognitive reaction to Social appraisal chronic support illness Spiritual support “Belief in afterlife” 6
- 8. • Fear of death , surgery , disfigurement, dependency, incontinence, severe pain • more in young patients Anxiety • Fear of loss, separation from family • Loss of physical activity • Changes in physical appearance • The effect of surgery Depression • Debilitating effect of radiotherapy (5-15%) 8
- 9. • Guilt from dependency, excessive demand Guilt • Illness represented to the & patient as a punishment for previous wrong doings anger • Anger displaced to medical staff 9
- 10. Denial • Adaptive (calms patient) • maladaptive (refuse medical care) Dependency • adaptive (comply with ttt) • maladaptive (burden on caregiver) Displacement anger towards medical staff Acceptance • role of staff through good communication 10
- 11. Denial & isolation “Something is wrong, shock” Anger Acceptance “Why me? displaced…. Stages of emotional reaction to chronic illness Depression Bargaining “hopelessness, isolati (partial on, sleep problems acceptance) 11
- 13. help patients adjust to their illness and take a more active approach Multimodal interventions using a variety of techniques but with same general goal increasing family pain management stress management coping skills 13 communication
- 14. Chronic illness involves more than physical symptoms. There are the psychological and emotional symptoms as well. The psychological effects of chronic illness can be profound. Chronic illness can strongly disrupt social life and put strains on social support networks. Individuals with chronic illness are more likely to be depressed, especially those who experience greater levels of pain and disability.
- 15. Emotional disturbance “e.g., depression” interferes with compliance to ttt and worsen prognosis Patients who become unmotivated to improve their illness-related coping tend to have greater numbers of hospital admissions and poorer health. There is substantial diversity in individuals’ adjustment to chronic disease magority: positive adjustment minority: significant distress or life disruption.