SlideShare a Scribd company logo
GGLLOOBBAALLIIZZAATTIIOONN 
BBYY 
HHIITTEESSHH PPAANNTT 
CCLLAASSSS-- XXII ““FF”” 
RRoollll NNoo.. 2266
Video: Emerging Powers: India 
• What did you find informative 
about this film? 
• What is the basic argument that 
the film presents about India and 
about globalization? 
• How does the film interpret such 
things as India’s widespread 
poverty and its periodic flare-ups 
of ethnic and religious strife? 
• Why are India and China so 
important?
“Globalization in its current phase has 
been described as an unprecedented 
compression of time and space 
reflected in the tremendous 
intensification of social, political, 
economic, and cultural 
interconnections and 
interdependencies on a global scale.” 
Stegler, p. ix 
• time-space compression 
• deterritorialization and supraterritoriality
One way to 
approach this: think 
about the world 
before globalization 
• Distance mattered—space often measured in 
time 
• Territorial boundaries more or less kept 
things in and out 
• Society and culture had spatial referents 
• Everything had its “place” (literally)
In a world of deterritorialization and 
supraterritoriality: 
•Distance becomes almost irrelevant (the end of 
distance) 
•Boundaries are increasingly permeable. 
•Groups and cultures increasingly don’t have a 
territorial basis 
•A new kind of non-physical “place” is emerging
Bosworth and Gordon: A survey of 
some key processes of globalization 
• Technological advances 
• Expansion of international commerce (exports 
and imports) 
• Rising importance of private capital flows 
(stock markets and multinational corporations) 
• Increasing travel and migration (international 
tourism and domestic diversity) 
• Increased communication and interaction 
between peoples (through all sorts of media)
Bosworth and Gordon also point to some of the 
key public controversies over globalization: 
What are they? 
“Can globalization be harnessed so that all citizens 
and countries benefit and not just the lucky few?”
Frank Lechner: Empirical Debates 
1. Process vs. Project 
2. New Era vs. Nothing New (Globabaloney) 
3. Hard vs. Soft 
4. End vs. Revival of Nation State 
5. Cultural Sameness vs. Difference
Amartya Sen: How to Judge 
Globalization (Normatively) 
1. 1. Is globalization 
Westernization? Is it a threat 
to non-western societies? 
2. What is the right question to 
ask about globalization and 
the poor? 
3. What are the “legitimate” 
questions that “anti-globalization” 
protestors ask?
“Our global civilization is a world 
heritage... The idea of an immaculate 
Western conception is an imaginative 
fantasy.” 
“Globalization has much to offer, but even 
as we defend it, we must also, without 
any contradiction, see the legitimacy of 
many questions that the antiglobalization 
protestors ask.” 
“The world powers bear an awesome 
responsibility for helping in the 
subversion of democracy in Africa and ofr 
all the far-reaching negative 
consequences of that subversion.”
“Over the past decade globalization has 
been driven by technological 
advances…..But globalization has also 
been driven by policies and ideas…” 
Bosworth & Gordon 
Next time: globalization as a neoliberal 
project
PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee ooff aaccqquuiissiittiioonnss 
 We used an event study methodology 
► Sample - Indian companies had cross- border acquisitions 
during 2002-2006. 
►224 transactions: 127 different companies from 33 industries. 
► We used BSE-500 (represents nearly 93% of the total market capitalization 
on Bombay Stock Exchange Limited) as the market index for the 
calculations. 
 Calculating CAR 
►Used the following formula to calculate the abnormal returns - 
^ 
^ 
ARit = Rit - i - i Rmt, (t = -7 to t= +7) 
►The CAR was calculated using the following formula - 
Copyright NUS Business School 2008 
α 
β 
t = +7 
CARi =å 
t = -7 
ARit
Copyright NUS Business School 2008 
SSuummmmaarryy 
Acquisitions a prominent part of OFDI from India 
► Good distribution across industries and regions 
► Achieving an increased prominence, strong growth 
► Important component to OFDI and strategy of MNCS from India 
 Strategy and performance 
► Performance strong on an absolute and a comparative basis 
► Several market expansion motives related to good performance 
► Market clearly rewarding international expansion strategy of 
Indian firms 
► Need comparative analysis to other modes 
► Need deeper analysis of strategy and performance of acquisitions

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Globalization

  • 1. GGLLOOBBAALLIIZZAATTIIOONN BBYY HHIITTEESSHH PPAANNTT CCLLAASSSS-- XXII ““FF”” RRoollll NNoo.. 2266
  • 2. Video: Emerging Powers: India • What did you find informative about this film? • What is the basic argument that the film presents about India and about globalization? • How does the film interpret such things as India’s widespread poverty and its periodic flare-ups of ethnic and religious strife? • Why are India and China so important?
  • 3. “Globalization in its current phase has been described as an unprecedented compression of time and space reflected in the tremendous intensification of social, political, economic, and cultural interconnections and interdependencies on a global scale.” Stegler, p. ix • time-space compression • deterritorialization and supraterritoriality
  • 4. One way to approach this: think about the world before globalization • Distance mattered—space often measured in time • Territorial boundaries more or less kept things in and out • Society and culture had spatial referents • Everything had its “place” (literally)
  • 5. In a world of deterritorialization and supraterritoriality: •Distance becomes almost irrelevant (the end of distance) •Boundaries are increasingly permeable. •Groups and cultures increasingly don’t have a territorial basis •A new kind of non-physical “place” is emerging
  • 6. Bosworth and Gordon: A survey of some key processes of globalization • Technological advances • Expansion of international commerce (exports and imports) • Rising importance of private capital flows (stock markets and multinational corporations) • Increasing travel and migration (international tourism and domestic diversity) • Increased communication and interaction between peoples (through all sorts of media)
  • 7. Bosworth and Gordon also point to some of the key public controversies over globalization: What are they? “Can globalization be harnessed so that all citizens and countries benefit and not just the lucky few?”
  • 8. Frank Lechner: Empirical Debates 1. Process vs. Project 2. New Era vs. Nothing New (Globabaloney) 3. Hard vs. Soft 4. End vs. Revival of Nation State 5. Cultural Sameness vs. Difference
  • 9. Amartya Sen: How to Judge Globalization (Normatively) 1. 1. Is globalization Westernization? Is it a threat to non-western societies? 2. What is the right question to ask about globalization and the poor? 3. What are the “legitimate” questions that “anti-globalization” protestors ask?
  • 10. “Our global civilization is a world heritage... The idea of an immaculate Western conception is an imaginative fantasy.” “Globalization has much to offer, but even as we defend it, we must also, without any contradiction, see the legitimacy of many questions that the antiglobalization protestors ask.” “The world powers bear an awesome responsibility for helping in the subversion of democracy in Africa and ofr all the far-reaching negative consequences of that subversion.”
  • 11. “Over the past decade globalization has been driven by technological advances…..But globalization has also been driven by policies and ideas…” Bosworth & Gordon Next time: globalization as a neoliberal project
  • 12. PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee ooff aaccqquuiissiittiioonnss  We used an event study methodology ► Sample - Indian companies had cross- border acquisitions during 2002-2006. ►224 transactions: 127 different companies from 33 industries. ► We used BSE-500 (represents nearly 93% of the total market capitalization on Bombay Stock Exchange Limited) as the market index for the calculations.  Calculating CAR ►Used the following formula to calculate the abnormal returns - ^ ^ ARit = Rit - i - i Rmt, (t = -7 to t= +7) ►The CAR was calculated using the following formula - Copyright NUS Business School 2008 α β t = +7 CARi =å t = -7 ARit
  • 13. Copyright NUS Business School 2008 SSuummmmaarryy Acquisitions a prominent part of OFDI from India ► Good distribution across industries and regions ► Achieving an increased prominence, strong growth ► Important component to OFDI and strategy of MNCS from India  Strategy and performance ► Performance strong on an absolute and a comparative basis ► Several market expansion motives related to good performance ► Market clearly rewarding international expansion strategy of Indian firms ► Need comparative analysis to other modes ► Need deeper analysis of strategy and performance of acquisitions

Editor's Notes

  1. The fact there are winners and losers, and societies vary in how much they compensate the losers Continuing poverty: ¼ world’s population below $1 a day; around ½ below $2 a day (has declined since article, mainly because of China and SE Asia and to some degree India) Gap between rich and poor countries has widened. And inequality within most countries has risen with globalization. Environmental concerns and conflict over global governance Open borders and their effects (money laundering, terrorism, disease, drugs, sex trafficking)
  2. Discuss distinction between empirical and normative debates. Leaving out #3, because it is explicitly normative, which leaves five.
  3. Quote last paragraph