Transnational corporations (TNCs) have grown due to factors like globalization, advances in transportation and communication technologies, and the ability to exploit differences in factors of production across countries. TNCs can benefit host countries through job creation, technology transfer, and economic growth. However, they can also negatively impact communities through practices like labor exploitation, environmental damage, and urbanization. Newly industrialized countries (NICs) have attracted manufacturing industries and become locations for TNC production facilities due to low costs and expanding markets. Many NICs are now also countries of origin for their own TNCs and make foreign investments.