This document discusses using remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems (GIS) to analyze urban sprawl. It presents two case studies: 1) Measuring sprawl in Baguio City, Philippines using Landsat images and Shannon's entropy index in GIS software. Entropy values indicated the dispersion of built-up areas over time. 2) Analyzing sprawl in Jaipur, India using satellite images from 1995-2010 classified in GIS to map land use changes. RS and GIS showed linear, leapfrog, and radial sprawl patterns emerging from the city center.
GIS and Remote Sensing to study urban-rural transformation during a fifty-yea...Maurizio Pollino
C. R. Fichera, G. Modica, M. Pollino (2011).
Presented at "Computational Science and Its Applications - ICCSA 2011 International Conference", Santander, Spain, June 20-23, 2011.
A relevant issue in Remote Sensing (RS) and GIS is related to the analysis and the characterization of Land Use Land Cover (LULC) changes, very useful for a wide range of environmental applications and to efficiently undertake landscape planning and management policies. The methodology described has been applied to a case-study conducted in the area of the Province of Avellino (Southern Italy). Firstly, aerial photos and Landsat imagery have been classified to produce LULC maps for a fifty-year period (1954÷2004). Then, through a GIS approach, change detection and spatiotemporal analysis has been integrated to characterize LULC dynamics, focusing on the urban-rural gradient. This study has shown that LULC patterns and their changes are linked to both natural and social processes whose driving role has been clearly demonstrated: after the disastrous Irpinia earthquake (1980), local specific zoning laws and urban plans have significantly addressed landscape changes.
A multi-scale Urban Analysis Using Remote Sensing and GISWaqas Tariq
Urban planning was very much a design and engineering exercise with the state as a single stake holder. Mega cities with millions of population, has undergone a series of physical as well as socio-economic changes over the last 60 years. In India, Hyderabad experienced a high rate of urbanization facing structural, environmental, social and economic problems. To provide a holistic perspective on the urban characteristics, an interdisciplinary research approach is used. GISGeographic Information System and Remote Sensing provide the advance techniques and methods for studying urban land development and assist urban planning.
Status and Perspectives of GIS Application in BANGLADESHBayes Ahmed
This is the final presentation of the course GIS Applications in Developing Countries. This course was a part of the Erasmus Mundus Master in Geospatial Technologies offered in Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), Institute for Geoinformatics (ifgi), Münster, Germany.
This is a very quick look at some great use of GIS for local Cities and Towns. What is the problem, the solution and the ROI and are all covered for a number of different projects.
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) play a pivotal role in military operations. The concept of Command, Control, Communication and Coordination in military operations is largely dependent on the availability of accurate, spatial information to arrive at quick decisions for operational orders.
In the present digital era, GIS is an excellent tool for military commanders in the operations. The use of GIS applications in military forces has revolutionised the way in which these forces operate and function.
GIS and Remote Sensing to study urban-rural transformation during a fifty-yea...Maurizio Pollino
C. R. Fichera, G. Modica, M. Pollino (2011).
Presented at "Computational Science and Its Applications - ICCSA 2011 International Conference", Santander, Spain, June 20-23, 2011.
A relevant issue in Remote Sensing (RS) and GIS is related to the analysis and the characterization of Land Use Land Cover (LULC) changes, very useful for a wide range of environmental applications and to efficiently undertake landscape planning and management policies. The methodology described has been applied to a case-study conducted in the area of the Province of Avellino (Southern Italy). Firstly, aerial photos and Landsat imagery have been classified to produce LULC maps for a fifty-year period (1954÷2004). Then, through a GIS approach, change detection and spatiotemporal analysis has been integrated to characterize LULC dynamics, focusing on the urban-rural gradient. This study has shown that LULC patterns and their changes are linked to both natural and social processes whose driving role has been clearly demonstrated: after the disastrous Irpinia earthquake (1980), local specific zoning laws and urban plans have significantly addressed landscape changes.
A multi-scale Urban Analysis Using Remote Sensing and GISWaqas Tariq
Urban planning was very much a design and engineering exercise with the state as a single stake holder. Mega cities with millions of population, has undergone a series of physical as well as socio-economic changes over the last 60 years. In India, Hyderabad experienced a high rate of urbanization facing structural, environmental, social and economic problems. To provide a holistic perspective on the urban characteristics, an interdisciplinary research approach is used. GISGeographic Information System and Remote Sensing provide the advance techniques and methods for studying urban land development and assist urban planning.
Status and Perspectives of GIS Application in BANGLADESHBayes Ahmed
This is the final presentation of the course GIS Applications in Developing Countries. This course was a part of the Erasmus Mundus Master in Geospatial Technologies offered in Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), Institute for Geoinformatics (ifgi), Münster, Germany.
This is a very quick look at some great use of GIS for local Cities and Towns. What is the problem, the solution and the ROI and are all covered for a number of different projects.
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) play a pivotal role in military operations. The concept of Command, Control, Communication and Coordination in military operations is largely dependent on the availability of accurate, spatial information to arrive at quick decisions for operational orders.
In the present digital era, GIS is an excellent tool for military commanders in the operations. The use of GIS applications in military forces has revolutionised the way in which these forces operate and function.
Application of GIS in Modelling Landuse Changes Of Gurupavanapuri, Kerala, IndiaSharik Shamsudhien
The Project Presentation focuses on the land use and land cover change pattern of Gurupavanapuri and environs, an area which is in the State of Kerala , India.
The work was mainly aimed to identify the rapid urbanization that took over in the Gurupavanapuri and its environs during the year 2002 and 2017 and on analysis there was a clear reduction of natural vegetated area due to the human influenced constructions.
The Project was completed using The ArcGis which is a GIS application. Remote Sensing data collection, such as SRTM DEM, ETOPO1 data (Bathymetry and Oceanic bedrock surface) has been achieved.
1. RS GIS FOR GROWTH AND EXPANSION OF
CITY (URBAN SPRAWL)
PRESENTED BY :-
MADHAVI LATHA BHUMIREDDY
PRIYANKA KANPHADE
2. Urban Expansion & Sprawl?
• As population increases in an area or a city, the boundary of
the city expands in an unplanned manner to accommodate
the growth; this expansion is termed as sprawl
• It is the spread of human population away from central urban
areas into previously remote and rural areas.
• Urban sprawl is an uncontrolled and uncoordinated spread of
urban population around a city.
• Expansion of town and cities is considered with respect to the
increase of the size of a built-up area.
5. URBAN SPRAWL
CAUSES CONSEQUENCES
• Population growth
• Industrialization
• Living and property cost
• Lack of affordable housing
• Independence of decision
• Lack of proper planning policies
• Large plot Size
• Impacts on Wildlife and Ecosystem
• Loss of Farmland
• Poor Air Quality
• Inflated Infrastructure and Public
Service Costs
• Impacts on Water Quality and
Quantity
• formation of slums
• increase traffic congestions
6. CASE STUDY 1
REMOTE SENSING, GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS
AND SHANNON’S ENTROPY: MEASURING URBAN SPRAWL
IN A MOUNTAINOUS ENVIRONMENT
L. C. O. Verzosa , R. M. Gonzalez
7. • Baguio city is a mountainous region in Phillipines.
• DATA USED
SATELLITE DATA Landsat Images (1979, 1989, 1992, 2002)
Aerial Photographs (2003)
Topographic Map National Mapping and Resource Information Agency
• SOFTWARE USED
ENVI 4.3®
ERDAS-Imagine
GIS software ArcGIS 9.3®.
• The integration of RS and GIS is used in adopting Shannon’s entropy to
measure urban sprawl.
8. METHODOLOGY:
Shannon’s entropy is an index used in quantifying the degree of dispersion or
concentration of built-up areas. given by,
Where,
pi is the probability or proportion of occurrence of a phenomenon in the ith
spatial unit out of n units, and thus, is given by
where Xi is the area of built-up at the ith unit
9. SIGNIFICANCE OF ENTROPY VALUE
0 – concentrated pattern
log n – maximum value denotes dispersed distribution.
Increasing entropy values indicates continuous dispersion with built-up highly
occurring.
Decreasing values signifies that an area is becoming less fragmented and
homogenously covered, thus, further occurrence of built-up is less likely to happen.
10. OBSERVATIONS:
• This study shows that entropy is a good indicator in
identifying and monitoring land development—that is,
dispersion and concentration of built-up areas.
• Remote sensing data are more widely used for the analysis of
pattern and process rather than understanding the causes or
consequences.
• Conventionally provides a means of accessing a large
geographical area with limited time and resources.
11. CASE STUDY 2
Evaluation of Urban Sprawl and Land use Land cover
Change using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques: A Case
Study of Jaipur City, India
Sunil Sankhala, B. K. Singh
12. • Jaipur is situated in Rajasthan at 26.92°N latitude & 75.82°E longitude.
• Data Sources :
1. Satellite Data:
I. IRS LISS II (1995);
II. IRS LISS III (2000, 2006);
III. LANDSAT TM (2010)
2. Survey of India Toposheets: 54A/4, 54B/1, 45N/5, 45M/12, 45M/16, 45N/13,
45N/9, 45N/10, 45N/14 of Jaipur district and adjoining districts.
• Software used:
ERDAS-Imagine 9.2
GIS software Arc GIS 9.2 & Arc view 3.2
13. METHODOLOGY:
• IRS LISS-II (1995), LISS-III (2000, 2006) and LANDSAT TM (2010)
satellite images have been used for generation of land use/
land cover map.
• The satellite data was enhanced before classification using
histogram equalization in ERDAS Imagine .
• The data was resampled to a common spatial resolution of
23.5 m.
• Then Landuse/landcover classification was performed
through digitization processes.
19. OBSERVATIONS:
• The sprawl location maps generated from the interpretation of
satellite imagery reveals that sprawl is towards the north-west
and south-east of the city.
• The prime causes behind such expansion has been availability
of land at considerably cheaper rate in those areas, good
transport communicational network, availability of better
infrastructural and institutional amenities, nearness to the
main city
• Jaipur is witnessing three major kind of sprawling, (i) Linear,
(ii) Leap frog, (iii)Radial. At some places polycentric sprawl is
also observed.
20. CONCLUSION:
• Remote sensing and GIS techniques facilitates delineation,
tracking down and monitoring of urban development.
• RS provides pattern recognition techniques to classify land
cover based on their spectral characteristics on satellite
images.
• Satellite data are found to be useful in mapping and
quantifying the extent of urban area in different time periods.
• GIS enables the proper handling of databases necessary for
the integration of data from different sources and for
analysing the urban sprawl extent.
21. REFERENCES
• L. C. O. Verzosa, R. M. Gonzalez, Austria, July 5–7, 2010, “Remote Sensing,
Geographic Information Systems And Shannon’s Entropy: Measuring Urban
Sprawl In A Mountainous Environment”
• Feng Li, Prof. Dr.-Ingo . Stefan Siedentop ,” Applying Remote Sensing And GIS On
Monitoring And Measuring Urban Sprawl –A Case Study Of China”
• Sunil Sankhala , B. K. Singh , IJETAE, Volume 4, Issue 1, January 2014, “Evaluation
Of Urban Sprawl And Land Use Land Cover Change Using Remote Sensing And
GIS Techniques: A Case Study Of Jaipur City, India “
• B. Bhatta ,” Analysis Of Urban Growth And Sprawl From Remote Sensing Data,
Causes And Consequences Of Urban Growth And Sprawl, Springer Chapter 2”
• Monalisha Mishra, Kamal Kant Mishra, A.P. Subudhi, “Urban Sprawl Mapping And
Land Use Change Analysis Using Remote Sensing And GIS (case Study Of
Bhubaneswar City, Orissa)”