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Glaucoma
The document outlines the objectives for a lecture on glaucoma, detailing its definition, risk factors, and types, including primary and secondary glaucoma. It also covers the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic evaluations, and management strategies, both medical and surgical. Additionally, it highlights nursing management considerations for patients with glaucoma.
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Glaucoma
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- 2. Learning Objectives: • Atthe end of this lecture the students will be able to: • Understand the disease aspect of Glaucoma. • Be able to identify and manage the clinical manifestations of glaucoma. • Be able to administer nursing care to clients with Glaucoma
- 3. Definition • It’s aocular condition characterised by optic nerve damage because of increased intraocular pressure caused by congestion of aqueous humor in the eye .
- 5. Incidence • 40 yearsof age • men >women • African and American race
- 6. Risk Factors forGlaucoma • Family history of glaucoma • African American race • Older age • Diabetes •Cardiovascular disease •Migraine syndromes •Nearsightedness (myopia) • Eye trauma • Prolonged use of topical or systemic corticosteroids
- 7. • Cardiovascular disease •Migraine syndromes • Nearsightedness (myopia) • Eye trauma • Prolonged use of topical or systemic corticosteroids
- 8. TYPES OF Glaucoma Thereare two types of glaucoma Primary Secondary Open angle angle closure
- 9. Primary glaucoma –etiology •Family history • African and american race • Older age • Diabetes Mellitus • Cardiovascular disease
- 10. • Migrane syndrome •Near sightedness • Eye trauma • Prolonged use of topical (or) systemic corticosteriod
- 11. Secondary glaucoma -etiology •Trauma • Intra occular or periorbital neoplasm • Iris neovascularisation ( New blood vessel growth ) • Other occular and systemic disorders .
- 13. Pathophysiology Due to causes Alterationin the Aquous humor outflow system ( structural alteration ) Increased I.O.P or Impaired blood flow (functional alteration) Optic nerve damage (because of loss of nerve fibres and blood supply ) Visual loss
- 14. Sign and symptoms •Asymptomatic • Blurred vision • Difficulty in focusing • Loss of peripheral vision • Discomfort around the eyes • Headache
- 15. Diagnostic evaluation • Historytaking • Physical Examination • Tonometry • Opthalmoscopy • Goniomscope
- 16. MANAGEMENT • Miotics • Adrenergicagonists • B-Blockers • Alpa adrenergic blockers • Carbonic anhydrase • Prostaglandin analogues
- 17. SURGICAL MANAGEMENT • Lasertrabeculoplasty • Filtering procedures • Laser iridotomy • Trabeculectomy • Drainage implants or shunts
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- 19. • Impaired visualperception • Risk for injury • Ineffective coping • Ineffective therapeutic regimen • Knowledge deficit regarding therapeutic regimen
- 20. Summary • So farwe have discussed about definition, causes, clinical manifestations, diagnostic evaluation and managements of glaucoma
- 21. Bibliography • Lewis etal, Medical Surgical Nursing, Mosby Elsevier,7th edition. • Joyce.M.Black et al, Medical Surgical Nursing, Saunders publication. • Brunner and Siddhartha, Medical Surgical Nursing, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
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