Glaucoma is an eye condition that damages the optic nerve and can lead to vision loss and blindness. It occurs when fluid builds up in the front part of the eye, increasing pressure. The two main types are open-angle and angle-closure glaucoma. Symptoms may include loss of peripheral vision, eye pain, and headaches. Treatment options include eye drop medications, laser surgery, and microsurgery to improve fluid drainage from the eye. Lifestyle changes like a healthy diet, exercise, and stress reduction can help prevent glaucoma.

1. CHITKARA BUSINESS SCHOOL
DEPT. OF HEALTHCARE
MANAGEMENT
GLAUCOMA
SUBMITTED BY- GROUP 07

2. INTRODUCTION
• Glaucoma is a type of eye condition in which the optic nerve gets
damaged.
• The optic nerve is the nerve that sends visual information from your eye
to your brain and is vital for good vision.
• Damage to this nerve is often related to the high pressure in the eye.
• But Glaucoma can happen even with normal eye pressure.
• Overtime, the increased pressure can erode your optic nerve tissue,
which may lead to vision loss or even blindness.
• It is one of the leading causes of blindness for people over the age of
60.

4. CAUSES
qThe fluid inside your eye, called aqueous humor, usually flows out of your eye through a mesh-
like channel. If this channel gets blocked, or the eye is producing too much fluid, the liquid
builds up.
qLess-common causes:-
• Blunt or chemical injury to your eye
• severe eye infection
• blocked blood vessels inside your eye
• inflammatory conditions

5. TYPES
There are two main kinds:
• Open-angle glaucoma:-The drain structure in your eye (called the trabecular meshwork)
looks fine, but fluid doesn’t flow out like it should.
• Angle-closure glaucoma:- Eye doesn’t drain like it should because the drain space between
your iris and cornea becomes too narrow.
Less common types of glaucoma include:
• Secondary glaucoma:- This is when another condition, like cataracts or diabetes, causes
added pressure in your eye.
• Normal-tension glaucoma. This is when you have blind spots in your vision or your optic nerve
is damaged even though your eye pressure is within the average range.
• Pigmentary glaucoma. With this form, tiny bits of pigment from your iris, the colored part of
your eye, get into the fluid inside your eye and clog the drainage canals.

6. SYMPTOMS
§ The main sign is usually a loss of side, or peripheral, vision.
§ Others:-
• Seeing halos around lights
• Vision loss
• Redness in your eye
• Eye that looks hazy (particularly in infants)
• Upset stomach or vomiting
• Eye pain

7. DIAGNOSIS
Your health care provider will review your medical history and conduct a comprehensive eye
examination. Your provider may perform several tests, including:
• Tonometry
• Testing for optic nerve damage with a dilated eye examination and imaging tests
• Visual field test
• Pachymetry
• Gonioscopy

8. TREATMENT
Medication
• Beta adrenergic blockers
• Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
• Prostaglandin analogues
• Cholinergic agonists
Surgery
• Laser surgery
Trabeculoplasty
Iridotomy
Cyclophotocoagulation
• Microsurgery(trabeculectomy)
• Implanting Shunts

9. PREVENTIONS
The starting point may be a series of home-based actions and remedies. These may include:
a) Eating a healthy diet.
b) Taking regular exercise such as walking or jogging.
c) Reducing your caffeine and alcohol intake.
d) Keeping hydrated by taking plenty of water.
e) Try and reduce stress in your life.
f) Meditation.
g) Taking any medications in exactly the way they are prescribed.