Cholelithiasis (calculi or gallstones) usually form in the gallbladder from the solid constituents of bile and vary greatly in size, shape and composition.
This PPT contains all necessary detail about cholecystitis and its management and covers all aspects of this disease according to nursing point of view. Helpful for studetns.
Image result for ulcerative colitis
Ulcerative colitis (UL-sur-uh-tiv koe-LIE-tis) is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that causes inflammation and ulcers (sores) in your digestive tract. Ulcerative colitis affects the innermost lining of your large intestine (colon) and rectum. Symptoms usually develop over time, rather than suddenly.
This PPT contains all necessary detail about cholecystitis and its management and covers all aspects of this disease according to nursing point of view. Helpful for studetns.
Image result for ulcerative colitis
Ulcerative colitis (UL-sur-uh-tiv koe-LIE-tis) is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that causes inflammation and ulcers (sores) in your digestive tract. Ulcerative colitis affects the innermost lining of your large intestine (colon) and rectum. Symptoms usually develop over time, rather than suddenly.
Gallstones are hardened deposits of bile that can form in your gallbladder. Bile is a digestive fluid produced in your liver and stored in your gallbladder. When you eat, your gallbladder contracts and empties bile into your small intestine (duodenum)
Cirrhosis is a late stage of scarring (fibrosis) of the liver caused by many forms of liver diseases and conditions, such as hepatitis and chronic alcoholism.
Thoracentesis (thor-a-sen-tee-sis) is a procedure that is done to remove a sample of fluid from around the lung.
The lung is covered with a tissue called the pleura. The inside of the chest is also lined with pleura.
The space between these two areas is called the pleural space.
This space normally contains just a thin layer of fluid, however, some conditions such as pneumonia, some types of cancer, or congestive heart failure may cause excessive fluid to develop (pleural effusion).
Thoracentesis, also known as pleural fluid analysis, is a procedure in which a needle is inserted through the back of the chest wall into the pleural space (a space that exists between the two lungs and the anterior chest wall) to remove fluid or air.
Pleural fluid analysis is the microscopic and chemical lab analysis of the fluid obtained during thoracentesis.
IndDiagnostic: determination of pleural effusion etiology (e.g. transudative versus exudative) usually requires the removal of 50 to 100mL of pleural fluid for laboratory studies. Most new effusions require diagnostic thoracentesis, an exception being a new effusion with a clear clinical diagnosis (e.g. CHF) with no evidence for superimposed pleural space infection
Therapeutic: reduce dyspnea and respiratory compromise in patients with large pleural effusions. This is typically achieved by removing a much larger volume of fluid compared to the diagnostic thoracentesis
ications
Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lung parenchyma caused by various microorganisms, including bacteria, mycobacteria, fungi, and viruses.
Pneumonitis is a more general term that describes the inflammatory process in the lung tissue that may predispose and Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a microbial agent.
place the patient at risk for microbial invasion.
Pneumonia is classified into four: community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), pneumonia in the immunocompromised host, and aspiration pneumonia.
Small intestine perforation- Easy ppt for student nurses
definition
causes
clinical manifestations
diagnostic tests
management of small intestine perforation
Gallstones are hardened deposits of bile that can form in your gallbladder. Bile is a digestive fluid produced in your liver and stored in your gallbladder. When you eat, your gallbladder contracts and empties bile into your small intestine (duodenum)
Cirrhosis is a late stage of scarring (fibrosis) of the liver caused by many forms of liver diseases and conditions, such as hepatitis and chronic alcoholism.
Thoracentesis (thor-a-sen-tee-sis) is a procedure that is done to remove a sample of fluid from around the lung.
The lung is covered with a tissue called the pleura. The inside of the chest is also lined with pleura.
The space between these two areas is called the pleural space.
This space normally contains just a thin layer of fluid, however, some conditions such as pneumonia, some types of cancer, or congestive heart failure may cause excessive fluid to develop (pleural effusion).
Thoracentesis, also known as pleural fluid analysis, is a procedure in which a needle is inserted through the back of the chest wall into the pleural space (a space that exists between the two lungs and the anterior chest wall) to remove fluid or air.
Pleural fluid analysis is the microscopic and chemical lab analysis of the fluid obtained during thoracentesis.
IndDiagnostic: determination of pleural effusion etiology (e.g. transudative versus exudative) usually requires the removal of 50 to 100mL of pleural fluid for laboratory studies. Most new effusions require diagnostic thoracentesis, an exception being a new effusion with a clear clinical diagnosis (e.g. CHF) with no evidence for superimposed pleural space infection
Therapeutic: reduce dyspnea and respiratory compromise in patients with large pleural effusions. This is typically achieved by removing a much larger volume of fluid compared to the diagnostic thoracentesis
ications
Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lung parenchyma caused by various microorganisms, including bacteria, mycobacteria, fungi, and viruses.
Pneumonitis is a more general term that describes the inflammatory process in the lung tissue that may predispose and Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a microbial agent.
place the patient at risk for microbial invasion.
Pneumonia is classified into four: community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), pneumonia in the immunocompromised host, and aspiration pneumonia.
Small intestine perforation- Easy ppt for student nurses
definition
causes
clinical manifestations
diagnostic tests
management of small intestine perforation
Dr. Guy Nicastri, Associate Professor of Surgery and Family Medicine at the Warren Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University takes us through some of the pearls of the Acute Abdomen Examination in the Adult
Thyrotoxicosis- complete review of anatomy, physiology, types and clinical fe...Surjeet Acharya
this presentation covers extensive pictures for clear explanation. this includes the anatomy & physiology of thyroid gland, a case review, types, clinical features and treatment of thyrotoxicosis. and the most intersting part it, it also includes Recent Advances in field of thyrotoxicosis
Cholethiasis refers to the presence of gallstones within the gallbladder or bile ducts. These stones can be composed of cholesterol, bilirubin, or a combination of both, and their formation is often attributed to an imbalance in the components of bile. Factors such as obesity, rapid weight loss, certain medications, and specific medical conditions can contribute to their development. Cholethiasis may lead to symptoms such as intense abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and jaundice. Treatment options vary depending on the severity of symptoms and may involve dietary modifications, medication, or, in severe cases, surgical removal of the gallbladder.
This presentation serves to review all the available non-operative treatment options for gall stone disease. It was presented in January 2020 to the HepatoPancreaticoBiliary Surgery Unit, Division of General Surgery, ABUTH Zaria, Nigeria
Cholecystitis And Cholelithiasis slidesharePatelVedanti
Cholecystitis: It is defined as the inflammation of the Gall Bladder.
Cholelithiasis: Stones in the Gall Bladder specially seen in the neck of the Gall Bladder or the cystic duct.
Most important for in GI system.
Strangulated intestinal obstruction is a relatively common type of acute abdomen and requires urgent surgical treatment. The causes of strangulated intestinal obstruction are many including primary volvulus, hernias, adhesions, bands, and intussusceptions.
The global radiation oncology market size reached US$ 8.1 Billion in 2023. Looking forward, IMARC Group expects the market to reach US$ 14.5 Billion by 2032, exhibiting a growth rate (CAGR) of 6.5% during 2024-2032.
More Info:- https://www.imarcgroup.com/radiation-oncology-market
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Rate Controlled Drug Delivery Systems, Activation Modulated Drug Delivery Systems, Mechanically activated, pH activated, Enzyme activated, Osmotic activated Drug Delivery Systems, Feedback regulated Drug Delivery Systems systems are discussed here.
PET CT beginners Guide covers some of the underrepresented topics in PET CTMiadAlsulami
This lecture briefly covers some of the underrepresented topics in Molecular imaging with cases , such as:
- Primary pleural tumors and pleural metastases.
- Distinguishing between MPM and Talc Pleurodesis.
- Urological tumors.
- The role of FDG PET in NET.
Global launch of the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index 2nd wave – alongside...ILC- UK
The Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index is an online tool created by ILC that ranks countries on six metrics including, life span, health span, work span, income, environmental performance, and happiness. The Index helps us understand how well countries have adapted to longevity and inform decision makers on what must be done to maximise the economic benefits that comes with living well for longer.
Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
ICH Guidelines for Pharmacovigilance.pdfNEHA GUPTA
The "ICH Guidelines for Pharmacovigilance" PDF provides a comprehensive overview of the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines related to pharmacovigilance. These guidelines aim to ensure that drugs are safe and effective for patients by monitoring and assessing adverse effects, ensuring proper reporting systems, and improving risk management practices. The document is essential for professionals in the pharmaceutical industry, regulatory authorities, and healthcare providers, offering detailed procedures and standards for pharmacovigilance activities to enhance drug safety and protect public health.
The dimensions of healthcare quality refer to various attributes or aspects that define the standard of healthcare services. These dimensions are used to evaluate, measure, and improve the quality of care provided to patients. A comprehensive understanding of these dimensions ensures that healthcare systems can address various aspects of patient care effectively and holistically. Dimensions of Healthcare Quality and Performance of care include the following; Appropriateness, Availability, Competence, Continuity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Efficacy, Prevention, Respect and Care, Safety as well as Timeliness.
LGBTQ+ Adults: Unique Opportunities and Inclusive Approaches to CareVITASAuthor
This webinar helps clinicians understand the unique healthcare needs of the LGBTQ+ community, primarily in relation to end-of-life care. Topics include social and cultural background and challenges, healthcare disparities, advanced care planning, and strategies for reaching the community and improving quality of care.
KEY Points of Leicester travel clinic In London doc.docxNX Healthcare
In order to protect visitors' safety and wellbeing, Travel Clinic Leicester offers a wide range of travel-related health treatments, including individualized counseling and vaccines. Our team of medical experts specializes in getting people ready for international travel, with a particular emphasis on vaccines and health consultations to prevent travel-related illnesses. We provide a range of travel-related services, such as health concerns unique to a trip, prevention of malaria, and travel-related medical supplies. Our clinic is dedicated to providing top-notch care, keeping abreast of the most recent recommendations for vaccinations and travel health precautions. The goal of Travel Clinic Leicester is to keep you safe and well-rested no matter what kind of travel you choose—business, pleasure, or adventure.
This document is designed as an introductory to medical students,nursing students,midwives or other healthcare trainees to improve their understanding about how health system in Sri Lanka cares children health.
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Meaning, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Mor...The Lifesciences Magazine
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis occurs when a blood clot forms in one or more of the deep veins in the legs. These clots can impede blood flow, leading to severe complications.
2. DEFINITION
Cholelithiasis (calculi or gallstones) usually
form in the gallbladder from the solid
constituents of bile and vary greatly in size,
shape and composition.
3. INCIDENCE
•Uncommon in children and young adults
•Increasingly prevalent after age 40.
•The incidence increases thereafter to such an
extent that it has been estimated that by the age
of 75, one of every three people will have gall
stones
4. ANATOMY OF GALL BLADDER
• A pear-shaped, hollow, saclike organ, 7.5 to 10 cm (3-4 inch)
long, lies in a shallow depression on the inferior surface of
the liver, to which it is attached by loose connective tissue.
5. • The capacity of the gallbladder is 30 to 50 ml of bile.
• Its wall is composed largely of smooth muscle.
• The gallbladder is connected to the common bile duct by
the cystic duct
6. PHYSIOLOGY OF GALLBLADDER
• It act as a storage depot for bile
• Between meals, when the sphincter of Oddi is closed, bile produced
by the hepatocytes enters the gallbladder
• During storage, a large portion of the water in bile is absorbed
through the walls of the gallbladder, so that gallbladder bile is 5-10
times more concentrated than that originally secreted by the liver.
• When food enters the duodenum, the gallbladder contracts and the
sphincter of Oddi relaxes, allowing the bile to enter the intestine.
• This response is mediated by secretion of the hormone
cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (CCK-PZ) from the intestinal wall
7. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Decreased bile acid synthesis
Increased cholesterol synthesis in the liver
Super saturation of bile with cholesterol
Formation of precipitates
Gall stones (Cholelithiasis)
Inflammatory changes (Cholecystitis)
8. TYPES OF GALLSTONES
• Cholesterol stones
• Pigment stones
• Mixed stones - the most common type. They are comprised of
cholesterol and salts.
• Cholesterol stones are usually yellow-green and are made primarily of
hardened cholesterol.
• Pigment stones are small, dark stones made of bilirubin. The exact
cause is not known. They tend to develop in people who have
cirrhosis, biliary tract infections, and hereditary blood disorders such
as sickle cell anaemia in which too much bilirubin is formed.
9. RISK FACTORS
• Age over 40 years
• Multiparous women
• Obesity
• Users of oral contraceptives
• Hormonal therapy
• Diabetic persons
• Patients with gastro-intestinal diseases
10. CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
• Epigastric distress
• Feeling of Fullness
• Abdominal distention
• Vague pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen
• Distress may follow a meal high in fried or fatty foods
• Pain and biliary colic
• Fever
• Palpable abdominal mass
• Biliary colic with excruciating upper right abdominal pain that radiates to the back or right
abdominal pain and radiates to the back or right shoulder, associated with nausea and vomiting
and is noticeable several hours after a heavy meal
• Constant pain, restless in all position
• Jaundice
• Obstruction of the flow of bile into the duodenum results in
• Yellow colour skin and mucous membrane
11. CLINICAL MANIFESTATION Contd…..
• Marked itching of the skin
• Changes in urine and stool colour
• A very dark colored urine
• Grayish, like putty, and usually described as “clay-colored” stool.
• Vitamin deficiency
• Obstruction of bile flow also interferes with absorption of the fat-soluble vitamins
A,D,E, and K
• If gallstone continues to obstruct the duct
• Abscess
• Necrosis
• Perforation
• Generalized peritonitis
13. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
• Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA)
• Chenodeoxycholic acid (chenodiol or CDCA)
The mechanism of action is the inhibition of liver synthesis and
secretion of cholesterol, thereby desaturating bile. Existing stones can
be decreased in size, small stones dissolved and new stones
prevented from forming (6-12 months therapy)
18. SUPPORTIVE OR DIETARY MANAGEMENT
• Low fat liquids
• Powdered supplements high in protein and carbohydrates
• Cooked fruits
• Rice or tapioca
• Lean meats
• Smashed potatoes
• Non gas forming vegetables
The following to be avoided
• Eggs
• Cream
• Pork
• Fried foods, cheese and rich dressings
• Gas forming vegetables
• Alcohol
19. NURSING MANAGEMENT
•Relieving pain
•Improving respiratory status
•Promoting skin care and biliary drainage
•Improving nutritional status
•Patient education and home care
considerations
•Monitoring and managing potential
complications