This document provides information on ceramic and sculpture workshops, including the types of clay used, claybodies, glazes, firing methods, and the stages of ceramic production from greenware to biscuiting. It also briefly discusses tiles, their characteristics, uses, and types. The key points covered are the different types of clay including stoneware, earthenware, and porcelain; how additives change clay into claybodies; the purpose and types of glazes; and the open kiln and tunnel kiln firing methods.

1. CERAMIC AND SCULPTURE WORKSHOP

2. • Types of clay :
• Clay is a natural rock or soil material consisting of organic
matter and metal oxides.
• Types :
• Stoneware clay : contain feldspar , calcium , iron which
lower amount impart color to clay, fie in middle range of
tempratue.
• Earthenware clay : has high percentage of iron oxide,
porous when fired.
• Porcelain :Also known as China clay. High firing clay white
in color.
• Characteristics: Plasticity is there due to which
shrinkage and expansion takes place.
• Also has malleability and porosity.

3. • Types of claybody:
• When saw dust , ash , husk , horse dung etc are
added to clay to increase its plasticity or porosity
it becomes claybody.
• Types :
• Earthenware :White or red body designed to fire
at low temprature.
• Stoneware : Tan grey or yellow , brown , red in
color.More plastic than porcelain.
• Porcelain : Hard , non absorbent claybody which
is white and translucent.Smooth texture.

4. • Glaze :
• Coating of vitreous substance which has been
applied to claybody through firing.
• Alumina , silica , flux , water , glass is there.
• Purpose : It render earthenware vessels suitable
for holding liquids , it provides hardness , sealing
porosity of terracotta , .
• It is done on cups and saucer , expensive dinner
sets , sanitary wares etc.Also used on stoneware
and porcelain.
• Types of glaze :
• Glossy , matt , crackle , opaque , transparent .

5. • Types of firing :
• There are two types of firing :
• Open kiln
• Tunnel kiln
• OPEN KILN : The kiln is burnt in open . Products are
kept in open on ash surrounding it cow dung cakes ,
husk , hollow pots are kept etc . The kiln has low
temprature .It runs 5 hrs .After firing the color of
product turns red.
• TUNNEL KILN : Bricks are fired in tunnel kiln . The
chambers are made . Then bricks are placed in it . It
runs 24 hrs . The bricks which are fired are covered by
plastic . They use fevicol to transfer heat.They also pour
coal from top .

6. • Stages before biscuiting :
• Greenware : Clay is substantial to be moulded in any
shape but wet enough to not form cracks .
• Clay has more plasticity.
• Leatherhard :
• After the product being made it starts drying and attain
stage of leather hard.
• After drying of the plastic clay becomes leatherhard
due to leather like texture . Finishing of piece is done.
• Bone dry : The product turns out hard like bone ,
surface becomes chalky and color becomes light .
• Firing : Lastly , in order to set ceramic product it is
passed through biscuit firing which is done at low
temprature.

7. • Tiles :
• Characteristics : weather resistant , light
weight , easy to install , cheap , colors are
available , various sizes are available .
• Uses : Interior , Exterior , wall cladding ,
flooring , etc
• Types : Porcelain tile , Quarry tile , Mosaic tile
, Stone tile ,Ceramic tile , Linoleum tile , Metal
tile , vinyl tile , Wood tile .

8. • Submitted by :
MEWADA ABHISHEK (1432)
Submitted to :
KRUNAL ZAVERI
JAGRUTIE DABHI