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Gastroenterology& hepatology: Introduction Dr. Mohammad Shaikhani. Assistant professor Sulaimanyah college of Medicine.

GI Diseases: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

GI symptoms: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

GI Diseases: Investigations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

1.Tests of structure: Imaging ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Tests of structure: Imaging ,[object Object],[object Object]

Tests of structure: Imaging ,[object Object],Time consuming. Radiation exposure. Malabsorption. Chrons. Ba follow through: Diarrhea,abd pain, Obst by stricture Difficult in elderly. incontinance., No biopsy. Ca, diverticuli,stricture,megacolon. Ba enema Abn bowel habit,Rectal bleeding,anemia,abd pain Low sensitivity for early cancer. No biopsy No HP assessment. DU,GU,Gastric Ca,GOO, Gastric emptying disorder. Ba meal: Dyspepsia,epigastric pain,vomiting,anemia,perforation. Aspiration risk Poor mucosal detail No biopsy Stricture, HH,GERD,Achalasia. Ba swallow: Dysphagia,rfelux,chest pain,motility disorder Limitations Major uses Indications

Tests of structure: Imaging ,[object Object],Time consuming. Clusterphobia,role not fully established,limited availability. Tumor stage,MRCP,pelvic/perineal, chrons fistula. MRI: Expensive,high radiation, may underestimate stage of cancers as esophagus. Pancreatic dis,liver tumor deposits, tumor staging, vascular lesions. CT: Low sensitive for small ls. Little functional info. Operator dependent. Gass & obesity interfer with it. Masses,abscess,organs,ascites,biliary dilation,gall stones,guided needle aspiration & biopsy. US: Limitations Major uses Indications

Tests of structure: endoscopy ,[object Object],[object Object]

Tests of structure: endoscopy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Tests of structure: endoscopy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Tests of structure: endoscopy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Examples of therapeutic techniques in endoscopy.

ERCP – DILATED COMMON BILE DUCT DUE TO MULTIPLE GALLSTONES

Tests of structure: Biopsy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

2.Tests of infection: Bacterial cultures ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Tests of infection: serology ,[object Object]

Tests of infection: radioactive breath tests ,[object Object]

3.Tests of function: blood tests for malabsorption ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Tests of function: GIT motility ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Tests of function: Radioisotope tests ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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