Geothermal energy is a renewable source of electricity generated from heat within the Earth. There are three types of geothermal power plants - dry steam, flash steam, and binary cycle. Dry steam plants use pure steam directly from reservoirs to power turbines, while flash steam plants use both hot water and steam with a pressure changing system. Binary cycle plants do not use steam directly but instead use hot underground water to boil a working fluid with a lower boiling point than water, which is then used to power the turbines. Geothermal energy has advantages of being available continuously, producing little emissions, and utilizing a free fuel source, but also has disadvantages of high initial costs and potential depletion of steam over time.

1. Geothermal Energy
-- a renewable energy source for electricity generatio
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SUBMITTED BY:-
Anis Ahmad
Roll No. 8ME23
SUBMITTED TO:-
Mr. Robin Khandelwal

2. Outlines
 Introduction
 Geothermal Reservoirs
 Extraction & Uses of Geothermal Energy
 Electricity Generation
 Conclusion

3. Introduction
 What is Geothermal Energy ?
The deeper you go, the hotter it is !!!
It’s simply the heat energy of the
earth, generated by various natural
processes, such as:
1. heat from when the planet formed
and accreted, which has not yet been
lost
2.decay of radioactive elements
3.friction
etc……

4. Geothermal Reservoirs
 Reservoirs can be suspected in the areas where we find :-
Geyser
Boiling mud pot
Volcano
Hot springs

5. Geothermal Reservoirs (cont.)
 The rising hot water &
steam is trapped in
permeable & porous
rocks to form a
geothermal reservoir.
 Reservoirs can be
discovered by
 testing the soil
 analyzing
underground temperature

6. Extraction & uses
 The heat energy can be brought to earth surface by
following ways..
 directly from hot springs/ geysers
 geothermal heat pump
 Uses are broadly classified as:-
direct use
indirect use

7. Direct use of Geothermal Energy
 Heating water at fish farms.
 Provide heat for buildings.
 Raising plants in
greenhouses, drying crops.
 Provides heat to
industrial processes.

8. Indirect use of Geothermal Energy
 Electricity Generation:

9. Electricity Generation (cont.)
There are 3 types of power plants:-
 Dry steam power plant
Flash steam power plant
Binary cycle power plant

10. Dry Steam power plant

11. Dry Steam power plant (cont.)
 The oldest type of Geothermal power plant used.
 Geothermal reservoir containing pure steam is required.
 Pure dry steam drives turbine.
 Very rare type of geothermal power plant.
 Operating at California, Italy, and Japan.

12. Flash steam power plant

13. Flash steam power plant (cont.)
 Commonly used geothermal power plant.
 Geothermal reservoirs containing both hot water & steam
is required.
 Pressure changing system is required.
 Operating at Hawaii, Nevada, Utah & some other places

14. Binary cycle power plant

15. Binary cycle power plant (cont.)
 Does not use steam directly to spin turbines.
 Only the heat of the underground water is used.
 Vapourized hydrocarbons are used to spin the turbine.
 Hydrocarbons having lower boiling point such
as isopentane, isobutane and propane can be used.
 No harmful gas is emitted to the atmosphere because the
underground water is never disclosed to outside.
 This’s the worldwide accepted power plant.

16. Turbine & generator:-

17. Advantages
 Available all the year around.
 Does not involve any combustion of fuel.
 Independent of weather
 Clean Resource – Very little emissions or
overall environmental impact.
 Economically Sound Alternative – The fuel is
free, rate / KWh likely to be competitive
 Overall, geothermal energy is a sustainable
resource.

18. Disadvantages
 Not widespread source of energy
 High installation costs
 Can run out of steam
 May release harmful gases
 Transportation
 Earthquakes