The document provides information on the geographic settings of ancient India and China. It discusses how India's location on a peninsula, surrounded by seas and mountains like the Himalayas, allowed early Indian civilization to develop with some isolation. The key features of India's landscape including the Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra rivers are also noted. For ancient China, the document outlines how geographic barriers like mountains and deserts surrounded the central region, which the Chinese called the "Middle Kingdom." It then provides brief overviews of the Indus Valley and Harappa/Mohenjo-Daro civilizations in India as well as the Shang Dynasty in China.

1. GeographicGeographic
Setting ofSetting of
IndiaIndia

2. Indian subcontinent is a large
peninsula
Surrounded on three (3) sides by
the Arabian Sea, Indian Sea, and
Bay of Bengal

3. In north, the Himalayan
Mountain Ranges separate
India from the rest of Asia
Hindu Kush Mountains on the
northwest also present
barriers to travel

7. This barriers allowed first
Indian civilization to develop
mostly on its own, yet India was
not totally isolated
Indian subcontinent has diverse
geographic features

8. Three major regions are the
Northern Plain, Deccan
Plateau, and Coastal Plain
Three great rivers the
Indus, Ganges and
Brahmaputra

10. The chief feature of the Indian
climate is the monsoon,a
seasonal wind system
Indus Valley covered an area
larger than te Old Kingdom of
Egypt (1,500 sq km)

11. Physical Map ofPhysical Map of
IndiaIndia

12. The Two CitiesThe Two Cities
1. Harappa
2. Mohenjo-daro
 The ruins of Harappa and
Mohenjo-daro revealed that they
were products of careful
planning
 Excavated were houses,
granaries, and public halls,
which suggest a high level of
civilization

13. HarappaHarappa

14. Mohenjo-DaroMohenjo-Daro

16. Government andGovernment and
ReligionReligion
Scholars assume that a priest-
king headed the government and
that the rulers must have a
considerable power
The two cities were polytheists
They also worshipped animals
such as the bull and certain
sacred trees

17. Economic LifeEconomic Life
Agricultural economy thrived in
the Indus Valley civilization
Food surpluses supported the
large population and prompted
the growth of trade
Merchant classes acquired wealth
from trade and commerce in the
cities

18. End of Indus ValleyEnd of Indus Valley
CivilizationCivilizationFinally it ended in 1500 BCE
Scholars believe that in 1500
BCE, Aryans invade Indus Valley
Dravidians were the survivors of
the Indus Valley civilization
Their civilization, as revealed
from the remains of the Mohenjo-
daro, showed a static society

20. Geographic Setting ofGeographic Setting of
Ancient ChinaAncient China
Four outlaying regions
Manchuria, Mongolia, Sinkiang,
and Tibet surrounded the
heartland of china
Geographic barriers surrounds
china
1.Himalayas in Tibet, world's
highest mountain ranges
2.Deserts such as Gobi
3.Pacific Ocean to the east

26. Chinese considered themselves
unique and believed that their
land was at the center of the
world. They called it Chung-kuo,
which means the "Middle Kingdom"
Huang Ho or Yellow River
provides water for irrigation,
fishing, and transportation

27. Rainful is not regular, so the
area suffers from both drought
and floods
Chinese called this as the
River of Sorrows

28. The ShangThe Shang
CivilizationCivilization
The first ruling family in
china, and it survived until
1122 BCE
They were political leaders
They prayed made offerings

29. Performed sacrifices to gain
good harvest
They had also special powers
of calling upon their
ancestors

30. The emperor ruled over their
capital city and the surrounding
regions

31. CivilizationCivilization

32. System of WritingSystem of Writing
During the shang dynasty that
the chinese developed a system
of wrting
Early chinese wrote pictograms
like the Egyptians and Sumerians

33. They also added ideograms as
symbols that expressed ideas
Under Shang dynasty, Chinese
writing included over 3,000
symbols or characters

35. Religious BeliefsReligious Beliefs
They believed that many gods
and spirits lived in nature
Main god is Shang-ti presided
over heaven and the other gods

36. They believed their gods to
be powerful that they could
caused flood
 As Chief priest shang king
made daily sacrifices

38. Shang priest also tried to tell
the future
A priest scratched a question
on an ox bone, then he carved
notches on the bone and touched
the notches with a heated bronze
rod. The heat caused the bone to
crack.

39. The priest interpreted the
cracks to find an answer to
the question. Bones used for
telling the future were
called "oracle bones"

41. Daily LifeDaily Life
Extended family was the focus
of village life
Family members of different
generations lived in the same
household
Headed by the eldest male, this
is because they respect their
anestors and they have great
respect for age and a deep
feeling of duty to family

42. Among the royal families and
nobles, men often have more than
one wife
Her sons were the most
important
Among peasant families, men
normally married only one woman