The document outlines the major stages of human cultural development from the Stone Age to early civilizations. It discusses the Old Stone Age/Paleolithic Era from 2 million to 8,000 BCE when humans were hunter-gatherers using stone tools. The Middle Stone Age/Mesolithic from 11,000 to 6,000 BCE saw the domestication of dogs and development of language. The New Stone Age/Neolithic from 6,800 to 3,200 BCE brought agriculture, animal herding, and permanent settlements. Major early civilizations arose along rivers like the Nile, Indus, and Yellow River where specialized workers, complex institutions, record keeping, and advanced technology developed.

1. STAGES OF
MAN'S
CULTURE

2. Archeologists divided
the Stone Age
1. Old Stone Age or Paleolithic
(2million BCE-8000BCE)
2. Middle Stone Age or Mesolithic
Age(11,000-6,000BC)
3. New Stone Age or Neolithic Age
(6,800-3,2000BC)

3. Old Stone Age or
Paleolithic Age
 The term was coined by John
Lubbock in 1865
 Greek word palaios which means
"old" and lithos which means
"stone"
 People at this age who
inhabited the continents of
Europe, Asia, and Africa

6.  They lived by hunting and
fishing
 Skill with fire and stone tools
 They have vague religious ideas
such as offering sacrifices,
food, and ornaments to the dead

7.  Experts think this came about
when people began to hunt large
animals
 They needed to be able to give
out clear instructions
 They also learned how to make
fire
 Early people used fire to keepEarly people used fire to keep
themthem warmwarm

8. Middle Stone Age or
Mesolithic period
Involves the gradual
domestication of plants and
animals and the formation of
settled communities
 Dogs became valuable for
hunting and guarding property,
they were probably the first
animal to be domesticated

10.  Early people developed a
language, before they learned to
talk, early people simply made
sounds
 Hand signals were also
meaningful
 Gradually people developed
languages

11. New Stone Age or
Neolithic Period
 The term neolithic was derived
from greek word neolithikos
where neos means new and litos
means stone invented by John
Lubbock in 1865
 Two important discoveries
changed people from being good
gatherers to food producers

12.  First was learning to grow food
 Second learning to herd animals
 They also learned to use
animals in dragging their
primitive plow in transporting
their belongings

15. "The lovers of Valdaro" Believed to be
from the Neolithic period. Excavated in
a single
block, so as not to separate them from
each other. Named for the little
village near Mantua, in Northern Italy.

16.  Another step in man's
advancement was the building of
permanent homes
 Earliest known villages in the
world were found in Middle East
one of these is in Jericho in
Israel
 Another village was in Catal
Huyuk in present-day Turkey

17. The Age of Metals
 Egyptians first to used copper
as early as 5, 000 BCE
 At about 2000 BCE, man
discovered that mixture of
copper and tin produced harder
metal bronze
 With this discovery, man
created stronger and better
tools, weapons, and utensils

18. COPPER

19. BRONZE

20. IRON

21.  Iron age started about 1,000
BCE it is more stronger and
durable compare to copper or
bronze
 As a result of this discovery ,
civilization leaped and bounced.
Transportation methods were
improved when iron made the
building of sturdier and faster
vehicles possible

22.  Civilization rose in the
valleys of the Nile River in
Egypt
 The Indus River in India
 Yellow or Huang Ho River in
China

23. Nile River in Egypt

24. Indus River in India

25. Yellow or Huang Ho
River in China

26. Emergence of
Civilization
 Five characteristics of
civilization
1. Advanced cities
2. Specialized workers
3. Complex institutions
4. Record keeping
5. Advanced technology

27. Advanced Cities
 Advanced cities were
birthplaces of civilizations.The
word "civilization" came from
latin word civitas which means
"city"
 A city is more than a large of
people living togeher, it is the
center of trade for large area.

28. Specialized Workers
 Such as traders, government
officials, and priests
 Specialization is the
enhancement of skills for a
specific kind of work
 Social organization in cities
became complex, people ranked
according to their jobs.

29. Complex Institutions
 The growing populations of
early cities made a system of
government necessary
 In civilization leaders emerged
to maintain order among people
and to establish laws

30.  The priests usually occupy the
top level in the society
 Below them are the few
merchants
 Followed by the artisans
 Those below are the majority of
the people
 Slaves are on te lowest level.

31. Record Keeping
 Was equally important as
government officials had to
document tax collections, the
passage of laws, and the storage
of grains and other products