Sitz bath is most commonly performed procedure in relevance to better wound healing through vasodilation effect. Lets see the Healing power of water
its is commonly performed to postnatal primigravida mothers for healing of perineal lacerations or tears or episiotomy.
Sitz bath is most commonly performed procedure in relevance to better wound healing through vasodilation effect. Lets see the Healing power of water
its is commonly performed to postnatal primigravida mothers for healing of perineal lacerations or tears or episiotomy.
Proper perineal care allows for inspection of the skin. It keeps the perineal area clean and less likely to break down. It also decreases the risk for urinary tract infections.
Proper perineal care allows for inspection of the skin. It keeps the perineal area clean and less likely to break down. It also decreases the risk for urinary tract infections.
This is a simplified presentation done by Patrick Nkemba, a student of clinical medicine at Rockview University. it is the product his desire to make the work easier to all the members of his presentation group. It should be noted that no copy right was obtained for the information compiled in this presentation. Therefore, its not for commercial use.
the first receivers of this information are the members of the presentation group.
Urinary catheterisation is a procedure used to drain the bladder and collect urine, through a flexible tube called a catheter. Urinary catheters are usually inserted by doctors or nurses in hospital or the community.
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
India Diagnostic Labs Market: Dynamics, Key Players, and Industry Projections...Kumar Satyam
According to the TechSci Research report titled “India Diagnostic Labs Market Industry Size, Share, Trends, Competition, Opportunity, and Forecast, 2019-2029,” the India Diagnostic Labs Market was valued at USD 16,471.21 million in 2023 and is projected to grow at an impressive compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.55% through 2029. This significant growth can be attributed to various factors, including collaborations and partnerships among leading companies, the expansion of diagnostic chains, and increasing accessibility to diagnostic services across the country. This comprehensive report delves into the market dynamics, recent trends, drivers, competitive landscape, and benefits of the research report, providing a detailed analysis of the India Diagnostic Labs Market.
Collaborations and Partnerships
Collaborations and partnerships among leading companies play a pivotal role in driving the growth of the India Diagnostic Labs Market. These strategic alliances allow companies to merge their expertise, strengthen their market positions, and offer innovative solutions. By combining resources, companies can enhance their research and development capabilities, expand their product portfolios, and improve their distribution networks. These collaborations also facilitate the sharing of technological advancements and best practices, contributing to the overall growth of the market.
Expansion of Diagnostic Chains
The expansion of diagnostic chains is a driving force behind the growing demand for diagnostic lab services. Diagnostic chains often establish multiple laboratories and diagnostic centers in various cities and regions, including urban and rural areas. This expanded network makes diagnostic services more accessible to a larger portion of the population, addressing healthcare disparities and reaching underserved populations. The presence of diagnostic chain facilities in multiple locations within a city or region provides convenience for patients, reducing travel time and effort. A broader network of labs often leads to reduced waiting times for appointments and sample collection, ensuring that patients receive timely and efficient diagnostic services.
Rising Prevalence of Chronic Diseases
The increasing prevalence of chronic diseases is a significant driver for the demand for diagnostic lab services. Chronic conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer require regular monitoring and diagnostic testing for effective management. The rise in chronic diseases necessitates the use of advanced diagnostic tools and technologies, driving the growth of the diagnostic labs market. Additionally, early diagnosis and timely intervention are crucial for managing chronic diseases, further boosting the demand for diagnostic lab services.
COVID-19 PCR tests remain a critical component of safe and responsible travel in 2024. They ensure compliance with international travel regulations, help detect and control the spread of new variants, protect vulnerable populations, and provide peace of mind. As we continue to navigate the complexities of global travel during the pandemic, PCR testing stands as a key measure to keep everyone safe and healthy. Whether you are planning a business trip, a family vacation, or an international adventure, incorporating PCR testing into your travel plans is a prudent and necessary step. Visit us at https://www.globaltravelclinics.com/
For those battling kidney disease and exploring treatment options, understanding when to consider a kidney transplant is crucial. This guide aims to provide valuable insights into the circumstances under which a kidney transplant at the renowned Hiranandani Hospital may be the most appropriate course of action. By addressing the key indicators and factors involved, we hope to empower patients and their families to make informed decisions about their kidney care journey.
1. Fundamentals of nursing
M.S Yosra Raziani
M.Sc. pediatric nursing
KUST
Spring-2020
session 5
Basic nursing care-I I
2. objectives
◈ After this session you learn:
✓ Genital care
✓ Urinary elimination
✓ Specimens collection
✓ Enema
2
3.
4. Providing genital care
involves thorough cleansing of external genitalia and surrounding skin
to:
➢ Promote patients comfort and cleanliness
➢ Prevent infection in high-risk patient
5. Indications
✓Patient who are unable to do self care
✓Patients with indwelling catheter
✓Patients with incontinence of urine or stool
✓Patients having excessive vaginal discharge
✓Patients recovering from rectal or genital surgery
✓Following childbirth
7. Procedures
1. introduce self
2. verify the client’s identity using agency protocol.
3. Explain to the client what you are going to do, why it is necessary
4. being particularly sensitive to any embarrassment displayed by the client.
5. Perform hand hygiene and observe other appropriate infection control procedures
6. Provide for client privacy by drawing the curtains around the bed or closing the door to the room
7. Fold the top bed linen to the foot of the bed and fold the gown up to expose the genital area.
8. Place a bath towel under the client’s hips
9. Position and drape the client and clean the upper inner thighs
8. Procedures(female)
1. Position the female in a back-lying position with the knees flexed and spread well apart.
2. Cover her body and legs with the bath blanket
3. Apply gloves. Wash and dry the upper inner thighs
4. Clean the labia majora. Then spread the labia to wash the folds between the labia majora and the labia minora.
5. Wipe from the area of least contamination (the pubis) to that of greatest (the rectum).
6. Rinse the area well.
7. Dry the perineum thoroughly.
8. Clean between the buttocks.
9. Dry the area well.
10. Remove and discard gloves. Perform hand hygiene.
11. Document any unusual findings.
9. Procedures(male)
1. Position the male client in a supine position with knees slightly flexed and hips slightly externally rotated.
2. Apply gloves and wash and dry the upper inner thighs.
3. Wash and dry the penis.
4. If the client is uncircumcised, retract the prepuce
5. Wash and dry the scrotum
6. Clean between the buttocks.
7. Dry the area well.
8. Remove and discard gloves. Perform hand hygiene.
9. Document any unusual
14. • Suppression :an anuria due to the kidneys failing to produce urine
• Frequency: need to urinate more frequently than usual
• Glycosuria :sugar in the urine
• Albuminuria: albumin in the urine
• Proteinuria: protein in the urine
• Pyuria :pus in the urine
• Calculi :stones formed from mineral in the urine
• Chyluria :the urine giving it a milky appearance
15. Facilitating urine elimination
• For the patient who has difficulty in voiding :
o Help the patient to assume a natural position of voiding
o Provide water
o Provide privacy and allow time for voiding
o Provide a warm bedpan or urinal
o Pour warm water over the perineum
16. Providing urinal
Purpose :
• To promote comfort
• To assist to void
• To prevent bed wetting
• To minimize the physical strain
18. Providing urinal
Procedure :
• Perform hand washing
• Allow patient to place urinal
• Prevent soiling of urine on bed or patients body
• Remove urinal after patient has voided
• Measure and empty the urine in sluice room
• Assist the patient to wash perineal area and hands
• Replace the articles used after cleaning
• Wash hands
• Record the procedure and chart intake and output
19. Providing bedpan
• Bedpan is made from steel or plastic device to meet elimination need
of patient confined to bed
• Bedpan used by females for elimination of urine and feces and by
male for elimination of feces
20. Providing bedpan
Purpose :
• To promote comfort
• To collect specimen for diagnostic purpose
• To give perineal wash
For :
• Patient with spinal surgery
• Postoperative patient
• Patient with fracture
• Chronic bedridden patient
• Patients who are strict bedrest
22. Providing bedpan
procedure :
1. Explain to assist
2. Arrange the article at the bedside
3. Provide privacy
4. Position patient
5. Place the mackintosh under the buttocks
6. Place the dry bedpan under patients buttocks
7. Assist patient to lift buttocks
8. Provide adequate time to pass motion/urine
9. Permit to clean self
10. Remove bedpan by lifting patient careful
11. Cover bedpan immediately
12. Provide water and soap to wash hands
13. Replace the article after cleaning
14. Provide hand washing
15. Record the procedure
23. Condom drainage
Applying a thin condom sheath to penis for drainage of urine
To :
Drain urine in case of an incontinent patient
To permit patients normal physical activity without fear of
embarrassment
25. Special consideration
Remove the condom once a day
Client may has latex allergy
Do not reattach the condom catheter if it falls off
26. Enema
Introduction of the fluid into the rectum for the purpose of
cleansing or to introduce nourishment
27. Enema
Purpose :
To remove fecal matter
To relieve flatulence
To relieve constipation
To reduce temperature
To administer medication
To administer fluids and nutrient
To…..
30. Methods of giving enema
To give large amounts of fluidsCan and tube
To give small quantity of fluidsFunnel and catheter
To give small quantity of fluidsSyringe and catheter
Rectal drip To administration the fluid very slowly
31. General instruction of enema
▪ The rectal tube need to be
smooth and flexible
▪ The temperature of the
solution need to be adjust
▪ The proper position is left
lateral position
32. Equipment
• Enema cans
• Rubber tubing
• Mackintosh and towel
• Rectal tube
• Lubricant gel
• Iv stand
• K.basin
• Rag pieces
• Screw clamp
33. Procedure
1. Introduce yourself
2. Explain the procedure to patient
3. Provide privacy
4. Position patient in left lateral
5. Place the mackintosh and towel under the buttocks
6. Adjust the iv pole to hold the enema can at the required height
7. Perform hand washing and don gloves
8. Attach tubing to enema can and clamp tube
9. Prepare solution at required temperature
10. Attach rectal tube to tubing ,expel air and clamp tube
11. Lubricate tip of rectal tube
34. Procedure
13. Insert rectal tube gently to a distance of 2 to 4 inch
15. Note level of fluid and make sure there is free flow
16. Clamp or pinch the rectal tube if the fluid is about to get over
17. Use rag pieces to remove the rectal tube
18. Instruct patient to hold the solution for 10-15 minutes
19. Discard rag pieces in k-basin
20. Position the patient in supine and assist to toilet
21. Keep the patient dry and comfortable
22. Perform hand washing
23. Record the procedure
36. sputum specimen collection
• A sputum specimen is a sample of material expelled from the respiratory passages taken for
laboratory analysis to determine the presence of pathogens. A specimen of mucus from the lungs
expectorated through the mouth
• Specimens are often taken for three consecutive days ,why?
37. Purposes
• A sputum specimen is obtained for culture to identify the microorganism
responsible for lung infections
• Identify cancer cells shed by lung tumors
• Aid in the diagnosis and management of occupational lung diseases
38. Equipment
• Sterile container with tight-fitting lid
• Emesis basin
• Box of tissues
• Gloves
• Goggles
• Laboratory request form
39. Preparation
• have the patient drink enough fluids on the night before the test
Why?
• For best results, obtain the sample first thing in the morning
• Ten to 15 ml of sputum is typically needed for laboratory analysis.
Note: A specimen will be rejected by the laboratory if it contains
excessive numbers of epithelial cells from the mouth or throat
40.
41. Procedure
1. Observe proper hand hygiene and gather equipment.
2. Provide privacy for the patient and explain the entire procedure.
3. Position your patient in a chair or on the side of bed / high-fowlers position.
4. Place the tissues nearby and have the patient rinse his mouth with clean water to remove any food particles.
5. Don gloves and goggles. Uncap the container but avoid touching the inside.
6. instruct the patient to take three deep breaths, then force a deep cough and expectorate into a sterile screw-top container.
7. Once you’ve collected the specimen, securely cap the container. Remove and discard your gloves and wash your hands
8. Allow the patient to rinse out his mouth and provide a tissue.
9. Record the amount, consistency, and color of the sputum collected, as well as the time and date in the nursing notes.
10. Send the sample to the lab immediately.
42. STOOL SPECIMEN AND CULTURE
A stool culture is the process of growing or
culturing organisms existing in feces to see if any of
them cause disease.
The most common is the ova and parasites test, a
microscopic examination of feces for detecting
parasites or worms.
43. Purpose
• Stool cultures play an important role in understanding and treating intestinal illness.
.It can confirm the presence of harmful bacteria.
• It may also show what treatments may work to kill an invasive organism.
• A parasitic infection
• Other diagnosis can be explored
44. Equipment
• Gloves
• Clean bedpan and cover
• Specimen container and lid
• Wooden tongue blades
• Paper bag
• Labels
• Plastic bag
45. Procedure
1. Discuss the test and the procedure with the patient.
2. Ask the patient to tell you when he feels the urge to have a bowel movement.
3. Wear gloves
4. provide the bedpan when the patient is ready
5. Avoid mixing urine or regular toilet paper into the sample.
6. With the use of a tongue blade, transfer a portion of the feces to the specimen container
7. Immediately cover the container and label it with the patient’s name
8. Fill out the appropriate laboratory request form
9. Take the specimen to the lab immediately
46. URINE SPECIMEN AND CULTURE
• A urinalysis (UA), also known as routine and microscopy (R&M), is the physical,
chemical, and microscopic examination of urine.
• It has been a useful tool of diagnosis.
47. physical appearance
• Color
Normal urine color ranges from pale yellow to deep amber in color, depending on the concentration
of the urine.
• Odor
Urine normally doesn’t have a very strong smell
49. RANDOM URINE SAMPLE
• A sample of urine collected at any time of the day. This type of
specimen is most convenient to obtain.
This type of sample may be used to detect the presence of various
substances in the urine at one particular point in the day.
51. Procedure
1. Instruct the patient to use the cotton ball to clean urethral area
2. Let the patient void into the container.
3. Label the specimen container with patient identifying information
4. send to the lab immediately
5. Wash your hands and instruct the patient to do it as well.
6. Note that the sample was collected.
52. MIDSTREAM “CLEAN-CATCH” URINE SPECIMEN
• Midstream “clean-catch” urine collection is the most common method
of obtaining urine specimens from adults, particularly men.
• This method allows a specimen, which is not contaminated from
extern
• The most common reason to get a clean catch urine sample is to test
for a urinary tract inflectional sources
53. Equipment
• Sterile specimen cup
• a soap solution / three antiseptic towelettes
• cotton balls
• Laboratory request form
54. Preparation
• Explain to the patient that this kind of urine collection involves first
voiding approximately one half of the urine into the toilet, urinal, or
bedpan, then collecting a portion of midstream urine in a sterile
container, and allowing the rest to be pass into the toilet.
• Discuss that this is done to detect the presence or absence of
infecting organisms and, therefore, must be free from contaminating
matter that may be present on the external genital areas
55. Procedure
1. Wash hands with soap and water.
2. For female Instruct the patient to clean perinea area with cotton balls. Tell the patient
to separate folds of urinary opening and clean inside with towelettes, using downward
strokes only; keep labia separated during urination.
3. For male Instruct the patient to completely retract foreskin and cleanse penis with
towelettes
4. Instruct the patient to void the midstream urine into the specimen cup
5. Fill out the laboratory request form completely
6. label the specimen container with patient identifying information
7. send to the lab immediately
8. Wash your hands and instruct the patient to do it as well.
9. Note that the specimen was collected.
56. TIMED URINE SPECIMENS (24-HOUR)
• A 24-hour urine collection is performed by collecting a person’s urine
in a special container over a 24-hour period.
• It always begins with an empty bladder
• This specimen shows the total amounts of wastes the kidneys are
eliminating and the amount of each.
57. Equipment
• Large, clean bottle with cap or stopper
• Bedpan or urinal
• Refrigerated storage area
• Gloves
58. Procedure
• Label the bottle with patient identifying information, the date, and time the
collection begins and ends.
• Instruct the patient to urinate, flush down the urine down the toilet when he gets up
in the morning.
• tell the patient to collect the rest of his urine in the special bottle for the next 24
hours, storing it in a cool environment.
• Instruct the patient to drink adequate fluids during the collection period.
• Emphasize proper hand hygiene before and after each collection.
• Record each amount on the intake and output (I&O) sheet.
• Exactly 24-hours after beginning the collection, ask the patient to void.
• continue to keep the collection container refrigerated until transfer to laboratory.
• Send the bottle and laboratory request form to the lab.
59. BLOOD SPECIMEN COLLECTION/ CULTURES
• A blood culture is a fairly routine test that identifies a disease-causing
organism in the blood, especially in patients who have temperatures
that is higher than normal, for an unknown reason.
60. Equipment
• Sterile syringe (20 cc) and three needles
• Two blood culture bottles (one for anaerobic and one for aerobic
specimens)
• Betadin solution or alcohol swab
• Sterile cotton balls or gauze pads
• Gloves
• Tourniquet
• Laboratory request form
61. Procedure
• Discuss the procedure and the reason for doing it to the patient.
• Bring together all supplies and equipment needed to patient’s bedside.
• Assist the patient to comfortable position
• Observe proper hand hygiene.
• Clean the top of both culture bottles with betadin solution or alcohol swab.
• Place the needle on the syringe.
• Apply the tourniquet to allow the veins to fill with blood
• Put on gloves and clean the drawing site with betadine solution or alcohol
• Draw at least 10 cc of blood from the patient
• Unbind the tourniquet.
• Remove the syringe and needle while applying pressure to the venipuncture site with the
cotton ball or gauze pad.
62. Procedure
• Replace the needle on the syringe with another sterile needle.
• Inject 5 cc of blood into the anaerobic bottle
• Replace the needle on the syringe with another sterile needle.
• Inject the remaining 5 cc of blood into the aerobic bottle
• Gently mix the blood with the solution in both bottles.
• Label both bottles with the patient’s identifying information
• Fill out the laboratory request form completely
• send the specimens to the laboratory immediately.