medication injection

1. Fundamentals of nursing
M.S Yosra Raziani
M.Sc. pediatric nursing
KUST
Spring-2020
session 7
Administration of Medications-I

2. objectives
◈ After this session you will be familiar to:
• Definition of medications
• Purposes of medications
• Types of medications
• Safety in administering
• drug calculation/measurement 2

3. Definition of medications
A Drug is
Any substance that alters physiologic function,
with the potential of affecting health.
A Medication is
A substance used in the diagnosis, treatment, cure, relief,
or prevention of health alteration.
The written direction for the preparation and
administration of a drug is called a prescription

4. Purposes of medications
• It is used for diagnosis
• It treats the disease condition
• To prevent health alteration
• To promote health condition
• To prevent infectious allergic and inflammation
• To relieve pain
• To restore bodily function

5. Medication Rights
⚫ Right patient
⚫ Right medication
⚫ Right dose
⚫ Right time
⚫ Right route
⚫ Right frequency
⚫ Right documentation

8. Medication order
The drug order, written by the physician, should has
7 essential parts for administration of drugs safely.
1. Patients full name.
2. Date and time.
3. Drug name.
4. Dosage.
5. Route of administration.
6. Time and frequency of administration.
7. Signature of physician.

9. Types of Medication Orders
1. Stat order
2. Single order
3. Standing order
4. PRN order
5. prescription

10. Drug forms

11. • Tablet: It is the powdered medication compressed
into hard disk or cylinder.
• Capsule:
Medication covered in gelatin shell.
• Gel or jelly:
A clear or translucent semisolid that
liquefies when applied to the skin.

12. Lozenge: A flat, round, or oval
preparation that dissolves and
releases a drug when held in the
mouth.
• Lotion: Drug particles in a solution
for topical use.
• Ointment: Semisolid preparation
containing a drug to be applied
externally.

13. • Powder: Single or mixture of
finely ground drugs.
• Solution: A drug dissolved in
another substance.
• Suspension: Finely divided,
undissolved particles in a liquid
medium; should be shaken
before use.

14. • Syrup: Medication
combined in a water and
sugar solution.
• Suppository: An easily
melted medication
preparation in a firm base
such as gelatin that is
inserted into the body
(rectum, vagina, urethra)

15. • Ampoule : are glass containers in 1
ml to 10 ml sizes that hold a single
dose of medication
• Patch: Transdermal drug that are
absorbed through the skin.

16. • vial: a small container to store
drug as a liquid or powder .
• Spray: a liquid kept under
pressure in a container for
respiratory using

17. Terminologies
And
abbreviations
used in prescriptions of medications

19. Abbreviations Meaning
Tab Tablet
q2h, q4h, q6h, q8h, q12h every __ hours
h or hr hours
Cap capsule
No Number
gtt drops

20. SYSTEMS OF DRUG MEASUREMENT
I. METRIC SYSTEM
– Basic units of measurement:
Meter (m) – unit of length
Liter (L) – unit of volume
Gram (G, GM, Gm) – unit of weight

22. Metric Conversions
To convert a smaller unit to a larger one, move the decimal point to
the left or divide by the appropriate multiple of 10
– Example: milligrams to grams
– 1000 milligrams / 1000 = 1
To convert a larger unit to a smaller one, move the decimal point to the
right or multiply by the appropriate multiple of 10
– Example: gram to milligrams
– 1 gram x 1000 = 1000 mg

25. Types of medical action
• Therapeutic effect
• Side effect
• Adverse effect
• Toxic effect
• Idiosyncratic reaction
• Allergic reaction
• Synergic effect

26. Therapeutic effect
• The expected or predictable
physiological response a
medication causes
• Aspirin is an analgesic , an
antipyretic ,an anti
inflammatory

27. Side effect
• The unintended secondary effects a medication predictably will cause
, that can be harmful or injurious

28. Adverse effect
• Generally considered severe response to medication
A client may become comatose when a drug is ingested

29. Toxic effect
• Toxic effects may develop after prolonged intake of a medication or
when a medication accumulates in the blood because of impaired
metabolism or excretion .
• Foe example .toxic levels of morphine an opioid may cause severe
respiratory depression and death .

30. Idiosyncratic reaction
• Medications may cause unpredictable effects such as Idiosyncratic
reaction in which a client overreacts or underreacts to a medication
or has a reaction different from normal.
• For example :a child receiving an antihistamine may become
extremely agitated or excited instead of drowsy .

31. Allergic reaction
• Unpredictable response to a medication they make up 5-10% of all
medication reactions .
• The medication or chemical acts as an antigen triggering the release
of the body antibody

32. Synergic effect
• The effect of the two medication combined is greater than the effect
of the medication when given separately
• Alcohol is a central nervous system depressant that has a synergistic
affect on antihistamines ,antidepressant ,barbiturates and narcotic
analgesics

33. 33

34. 34
THANKS!
You can find me at
Yosra.anvar@komar.edu.iq