lecture 10 from a college level introduction to psychology course taught Fall 2011 by Brian J. Piper, Ph.D. (psy391@gmail.com) at Willamette University,
Attributions are inferences that people make about the causes of events and behavior. People make attributions in order to understand their experiences. Attributions strongly influence the way people interact with others.
Conformity involves changing your behaviors in order to "fit in" or "go along" with the people around you. In some cases, this social influence might involve agreeing with or acting like the majority of people in a specific group, or it might involve behaving in a particular way in order to be perceived as "normal" by the group.
lecture 10 from a college level introduction to psychology course taught Fall 2011 by Brian J. Piper, Ph.D. (psy391@gmail.com) at Willamette University,
Attributions are inferences that people make about the causes of events and behavior. People make attributions in order to understand their experiences. Attributions strongly influence the way people interact with others.
Conformity involves changing your behaviors in order to "fit in" or "go along" with the people around you. In some cases, this social influence might involve agreeing with or acting like the majority of people in a specific group, or it might involve behaving in a particular way in order to be perceived as "normal" by the group.
Cognitive psychology is a relatively young branch of psychology, yet it has quickly grown to become one of the most popular subfields. Few Practical Application of Cognitive Psychology(Science),Thinking, decision-making/increasing decision making accuracy, problem-solving, learning /structuring educational curricula to enhance learning , attention,Memory/Improving memory, forgetting, and
language acquisition.
But what exactly is cognitive psychology?
What do cognitive psychologists do?
Introduction to Social Psychology
I used local and foreign books. Some concepts are not mentioned here in my slides but will be discussed during our session.
If you want to know the resources feel free to comment below.
Cognitive psychology is a relatively young branch of psychology, yet it has quickly grown to become one of the most popular subfields. Few Practical Application of Cognitive Psychology(Science),Thinking, decision-making/increasing decision making accuracy, problem-solving, learning /structuring educational curricula to enhance learning , attention,Memory/Improving memory, forgetting, and
language acquisition.
But what exactly is cognitive psychology?
What do cognitive psychologists do?
Introduction to Social Psychology
I used local and foreign books. Some concepts are not mentioned here in my slides but will be discussed during our session.
If you want to know the resources feel free to comment below.
Lec 02 Factors influencing Human Growth and DevelopmentDr. Imran A. Sajid
These slides are prepared for students of BS Social Work. Social Workers come across clients in different age groups and categories. This subject helps them put the client into social, physical, psychological, and emotional perspectives.
Dr. Imran A. Sajid
Department of Social Work, University of Peshawar, Pakistan
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
2. Overview of Genetic and
Evolutionary Roots of Behavior
Genetics
• Parts of Cell
• Gene Transmission
Natural
Selection
• Naturalistic
Fallacy
The Genetics
and Evolution
of Behavior
• Heritability
Estimate
7. Genetic and Environmental Influences
Heredity: Inborn genetic endowment
Genetic and environmental variables
transact continually over time
•Weight of genetic/environment changes over
time (personality/IQ)
•Environment more significant in early years.
•As people age, more diverse in their patterns
Penetrance
•the extent to which the properties controlled
by a gene, its phenotype, will be expressed.
Penetrance is the percentage of individuals
given a specific genotype which actually
express an associated phenotype. More…
8. The Secrets of Genes
Genes - are the basic units of heredity located
on chromosomes which contain threadlike
strands of DNA.
Egg and Sperm contain 23 chromosomes each.
9. What are chromosomes?
Humans have 23 pairs of
chromosomes, with one
chromosome from each
parent.
The chromosomes are
coiled up DNA.
Under normal conditions
all of the chromosomes
are inherited in tact.
10. How Genes Interact! Mendel’s
Little Peas
Gregor Mendel- Basic laws of genetic inheritance
Mendel's Laws are as follows:
• 1. the Law of Dominance
• 2. the Law of Segregation
• 3. the Law of Independent Assortment
12. Chromosomal Disorders
Chromosomal
deletion:
• when cells go
through
meiosis,
portions of the
chromosome
are lost.
Chromosomal
inversion:
• when cells go
through
meiosis, parts
of the
chromosome
are flipped.
Chromosomal
translocation:
• when cells go
through
meiosis, parts
of the
chromosomes
stick together
and switch.
Chromosomal
non-disjunction:
• when cells go
through
meiosis the
chromosomes
don’t separate
correctly and
either too
many or not
enough are
passed on.
19. Evolutionary Psychology Basics
Natural Selection
the principle that, among
the range of inherited trait
variations, those that lead
to increased reproduction
and survival will most likely
be passed on to succeeding
generations
Mutations
random errors in gene
replication that lead to a
change in the sequence of
nucleotides
the source of all genetic
diversity
20. Focus: Proximate to Ultimate
Causes
Proximate:
Within the
lifetime
Ultimate: Why
change has
occurred over
years
22. The Principles of Natural
Selection
Natural Selection
Natural variations
Less beneficial
characteristics don’t
survive
Next generation has more
people with the beneficial,
and less with the
detrimental characteristics
Evolution: Changes that
occur in a population over
time
24. Evolution Misconceptions
Naturalistic Fallacy
The idea that anything
“natural” is “good” or the
more recent traits are
“better”
The process of evolution
has no foresight
Discuss: Where do you see
the naturalistic fallacy
referenced?
“Survival of the
Fittest”
Why is this not entirely
accurate?
26. Behavior Genetics
Behavior Genetics
study of the relative power and limits of
genetic and environmental influences on
behavior
Environment
every nongenetic influence, from
prenatal nutrition to the people and
things around us
27. The Genetics of Behavior
Both genes and environment
interact to shape human
behavior.
The fundamental issue is
how much a role genetics
do play in shaping human
behaviors.
Examples: psychological
disorders, weight gain,
personality, sexual
orientation?
28. The Genetics of Behavior
Both genes and environment
interact to shape human behavior.
The fundamental issue is how
much a role genetics do play in
shaping human behaviors.
• Examples: psychological disorders, weight
gain, personality, sexual orientation?
29. How much do Genes impact
Variation?
Heritability
The proportion of
variation among
individuals that we
can attribute to
genes.
30. Determining Heritability
Sibling Studies!
•Twin Studies
•Adopted Children & their
Bio Sibs
How do
Evolutionary
Psychologists
Attempt to
Determine the
Impact of
Genetics?
Compare
monozygotic and
fraternal twins
to infer how
much of a genetic
component exists
for a particular
behavior.
Study adopted
children and their
resemblance to
their biological
parents
to infer the
influence of
heredity.
31. Twins & Behavior
Genetics
Identical Twins
develop from a single
fertilized egg that splits in
two, creating two
genetically identical
organisms
Fraternal Twins
develop from separate eggs
genetically no closer than
brothers and sisters, but
they share the fetal
environment
Identical
twins
Fraternal
twins
Same
sex only
Same or
opposite sex
33. Twin Studies: The results
To summarize the countless amount of studies: twins
(especially identical), whether or not they are raised in
the same environment are very much alike in many
ways.
34. Heritability
The proportion of
variation among
individuals that we
can attribute to
genes.
It is a
mathematical
formula!
Heritability: Determining the
Impact of Genes
Behaviors
have a genetic
component
Behaviors
have an
environmental
component.
Interaction
35. Heritability Estimate
The contribution to an
observed characteristic is
expressed in terms of a
heritability estimate.
Indicates the extent to
which the phenotype varies
within a group of people
We use twin studies to
examine the genetic
influence
Penetrance describes the
extent to the phenotype
will be expressed.
38. Environmental Influence
Culture
the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes,
and traditions shared by a large group of
people and transmitted from one
generation to the next
Norm
an understood rule for accepted and
expected behavior
39. What is Evolutionary
Psychology?
Goal: Understand how human
behavior as impacted by the
passing on of genes by…
Reconstructing problems of ancestors
Establishing common roots of behavior
and how they manifest today
41. Think like an Evolutionary
Psychologist
Why do infants fear strangers
when they become mobile?
Why are most parents
devoted to their children?
Why do we divide people
into categories?
Why do we have more
phobias about spiders and
snakes than electricity and
nuclear weapons?
43. Think like an Evolutionary
Psychologist, Revisited
Why do infants fear strangers
when they become mobile?
Why are most parents
devoted to their children?
Why do we divide people
into categories?
Why do we have more
phobias about spiders and
snakes than electricity and
nuclear weapons?
44. Evolutionary Psychology
Gender
in psychology, the characteristics,
whether biologically or socially
influenced, by which people define
male and female
45. Evolutionary Psychology
Men preferred attractive physical features
suggesting youth and health
Women preferred resources and social status
46. Evolutionary Psychology, What do
you think?
Critiquing the
Evolutionary Perspective
Evolutionary psychologists
take a behavior and work
backward to explain it in
terms of natural selection.
Evolutionary psychology
proposes genetic
determinism and undercuts
morality in establishing
society.
Where genders are unequal,
gender preferences are
wide, but closely equal,
preferences narrow down.
Evolutionary
Psychologists Reply
Evolutionary psychologists
argue that we need to test
behaviors that expound
evolutionary principles.
Evolutionary psychologists
remind us how we have
adapted, but does not
dictate how we ought to be.
Males and females are more
alike than different, if we
study these differences we
can establish their causes.
47. Love & Lust: Sexuality, the Brain,
& Evolutionary Psychology
Types of Mating Systems
Attitudes toward Mating
Humans & Other Mammals
Jealousy between the
Genders & Evolutionary
Perspective
Describe the Differences in
the way human males and
females view paternity
48. Genetics & Evolution Review:
Concepts to Know
Structure of DNA
Natural Selection
• Ultimate & Proximal Cause
The scientific study of evolution
Intelligence & Genetics
Genes, Sex, and Mating Behavior