10. Timing is Everything!
Delay Conditioning (Standard Pairing):
• CS precedes US and overlaps
Trace Conditioning:
• CS precedes Us with short break
Temporal Conditioning:
• Time is the CS. US is presented at a time interval
Simultaneous Conditioning:
• NS and US completely overlap
Backward Conditioning:
• US precedes NS
True conditioning only occurs when the CS (bell) is presented before the US (food)
Weakerconditionedresponding
11. Is Fear a Conditioned Response?
Watson and Baby Albert
12. Stimulus Generalization
Watson and Little Albert: Little Albert was afraid of bunnies!
Stimulus
Generalization
• Tendency for a
stimuli similar to
CS to evoke
similar responses
13. How do we Unlearn?
Classical Extinction
To unlearn a conditioned response, we repeatedly present the
conditioned stimulus with unconditioned stimulus
14. Do you REALLY Unlearn?
Spontaneous Recovery
During extinction trials, after a brief rest period, the conditioned
response often briefly reappears.
15. Discrimination
Learning to discriminate between two similar neutral stimuli
when only one is paired with the unconditioned stimulus (US)
Experimental Neurosis: Making stimulus discrimination too
difficult may cause agitation. Later, if returned to original
mastered discrimination, dog is no longer able to discriminate.
18. Habituation
Becoming accustomed to an unconditioned stimulus (US). It no
longer evokes the unconditioned response (UR).
• Only related to unconditioned stimuli/response
21. In Vivo Exposure with Response
Prevention (Extinction)
• 45 Minutes of Flooding
• Expose person to feared
stimulus
• Absence of Feared
Association
• Do not permit
avoidance/escape
22. OPERANT CONDITIONING
We learn as a result of reward and punishment.
Operant conditioning explains Voluntary behavior
AKA: Instrumental Conditioning
25. Reinforcement and Punishment
Positive Reinforcement = Reward
Negative Reinforcement = Relief
Positive Punishment = Pain
Negative Punishment = Loss
Positive = Added
Negative = Taken Away
26. Classical versus Operant Conditioning
Classical
Conditioning:
Automatic responses
•Is the organism learning associations
between events that it doesn't control?
•Respondent behavior: Dogs automatically
salivate over meat, then bell- no thinking
involved.
Operant
Conditioning
Behavior determines
consequences
•Is the organism learning associations
between its behavior and resulting events?
•Operant behavior: Behaviors influence the
environment and have consequences. Dog
learns to roll over to get treat
37. Social Learning Theory
Reciprocal Determinism:
Interactive triad of
person/behavior/environmen
t regulate behavior.
Bandura posited that
observational learning
requires four steps:
1. Attention
2. Retention
3. Production
4. Motivation
39. Social Learning Theory: Factors
Influencing Strength
Research indicates that the following factors
influence the strength of learning from models:
1. How much power the
model seems to have
2. How capable the model
seems to be
3. How nurturing (caring)
the model seems to be
4. How similar the learner
perceives self and model
5. How many models the
learner observes
40. Reflect/Journal: Your Learning
Process
Do you enjoy learning? Why or why not?
Do you feel confident in your ability to learn?
What is your favorite thing to learn about? Why?
What have been bad experiences you have had with learning?
What is the point of going to school for you? Why is it important
to you to be here at Skyline learning?