Generating of 57-61 GHz Frequency Band Using a Panda Ring Resonator
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A system of microring resonator (MRR) conected to an optical panda ring resonator is presented. The optical soliton pulse of 57-61 GHz frequency band can be generated and used for aplications in optical communications. The system uses a Gausian laser pulse propagating within a nonlinear MRRs system. The ultra short single and multi optical soliton pulses within the range of 57-61 GHz can be generated and sen at he through and drop ports of the system. This range is aplicable for a short distance optical communication such as indor systems. The generated optical soliton pulses have the bandwidth of 5 and 20 MHz.
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![Generating of 57-61 GHz Frequency Band Using a Panda Ring
Resonator
I. S. Amiri*1
, A. Shahidinejad2
, J. Ali1
1
Institute of Advanced Photonics Science, Nanotechnology Research Alliance, Universiti
Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia
2
Faculty of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81300 Johor Bahru, Malaysia
*E-mail Address: isafiz@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT: A system of microring resonator (MRR) connected to an optical panda ring
resonator is presented. The optical soliton pulse of 57-61 GHz frequency band can be
generated and used for applications in optical communications. The system uses a Gaussian
laser pulse propagating within a nonlinear MRRs system. The ultra short single and multi
optical soliton pulses within the range of 57-61 GHz can be generated and seen at the through
and drop ports of the system. This range is applicable for a short distance optical
communication such as indoor systems. The generated optical soliton pulses have the
bandwidth of 5 and 20 MHz.
Keywords: Optical soliton pulses; Microring Resonator, 57-61 GHz Frequency Band
Generation
1. INTRODUCTION
The 57-61 GHz frequency band is very promising, since it offers a huge amount of
unlicensed spectrum that provides very high throughput. Some standardization groups and
industrial consortia have been formed to specify 57-61 GHz transmission for wireless
applications. Researchers have found many concerns on the high bandwidth available in the
57-61 GHz unlicensed spectrum band. The micro and nano structure of the optical materials
has attracted many scientific researchers [1-3]. Microring resonator can be used to generate a
broad band of optical soliton applicable in many areas of optical networks such as wireless-
cable systems and indoor-outdoor communication [4-7]. Amiri et al. have reported the optical
output transfer function which is derived and used for a light pulse propagating within a
microring resonator at a resonant condition [8-10]. Using the optical soliton pulses, the](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/12-140817234500-phpapp01/85/Generating-of-57-61-GHz-Frequency-Band-Using-a-Panda-Ring-Resonator-1-320.jpg)
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propagating within a nonlinear MRRs system. The ultra-short single and multi soliton pulses within
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Wireless sensor networks are distributed sensor nodes that communicate wirelessly to monitor environmental conditions like temperature, sound, and pressure. They work cooperatively to pass data through the network and can be used for applications like forest fire detection, healthcare monitoring, and pollution monitoring. Each sensor node has components like a radio transceiver, a microcontroller, an electronic circuit for interfacing with sensors and an energy source. They provide advantages over wired networks like easy installation and accommodation of new devices but also have disadvantages like lower speed, complex configuration and sensitivity to surroundings.
Wireless Sensor Networks
A wireless sensor network consists of spatially distributed autonomous sensor nodes that monitor physical or environmental conditions. Sensor nodes gather data and relay it back to a main location. Wireless sensor networks enable monitoring of conditions such as temperature, sound, pollution levels, pressure, or motion over large areas. They have applications in industries such as agriculture, environmental protection, health care, home and building automation, and transportation.
Wireless body area network
The document discusses wireless body area networks and wireless sensor networks. It describes the goals of the project which are to implement the Tate pairing and Weil pairing protocols, analyze their performance with respect to time and memory consumption, and implement the better performing one for security purposes. The document provides background on sensor network technology, including how sensors have evolved from large specialized systems to smaller low-power devices. It outlines some of the applications of wireless sensor networks.
Low Energy Routing for WSN’s
The main tasks of a Wireless Sensor Network
(WSN) are data collection from its nodes and communication
of this data to the base station (BS). The protocols used for
communication among the WSN nodes and between the WSN
and the BS, must consider the resource constraints of nodes,
battery energy, computational capabilities and memory. The
WSN applications involve unattended operation of the network
over an extended period of time. In order to extend the lifetime
of a WSN, efficient routing protocols need to be adopted. The
proposed low power routing protocol based on tree-based
network structure reliably forwards the measured data towards
the BS using TDMA. An energy consumption analysis of the
WSN making use of this protocol is also carried out. It is
found that the network is energy efficient with an average
duty cycle of 0:7% for the WSN nodes. The OmNET++
simulation platform along with MiXiM framework is made
use of.
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Mr.ChaitanyaVijayumarMahamuni_M.E.Dissertation_2016_Abstract.PDF
Mr.ChaitanyaVijayumarMahamuni_M.E.Dissertation_2016_Abstract.PDF
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IEEE 802.15.3c WPAN Standard Using Millimeter Optical Soliton Pulse Generated...University of Malaya (UM)
A system of microring resonators (MRRs) connected to an optical modified add/drop filter system known as a Panda ring resonator is presented. The optical soliton pulse of 60 GHz frequency band can be generated and used for Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) applications such as IEEE 802.15.3c. The system uses chaotic signals generated by a Gaussian laser pulse propagating within a nonlinear MRRs system. The chaotic signals can be generated via a series of microring resonators, where the filtering process is performed via the Panda ring resonator system wherein ultrashort single and multiple optical soliton pulses of 60 GHz are generated and seen at the through and drop ports, respectively. The IEEE 802.15.3c standard operates at the 60 GHz frequency band, and it is applicable for a short distance optical communication such as indoor systems, where the higher transmission data rate can be performed using a high frequency band of the output optical soliton pulses. The single and multi-soliton pulses could be generated and converted to logic codes, where the bandwidths of these pulses are 5 and 20 MHz, respectively. Thus, these types of signals can be used in optical indoor systems and transmission link using appropriate components such as transmitter, fiber optics, amplifier, and receiver.Ultra-short Multi Soliton Generation for Application in Long Distance Commun...
Ultra-short Multi Soliton Generation for Application in Long Distance Commun...University of Malaya (UM)
Generation of picometer optical soliton pulses is investigated using a nonlinear PANDA ring resonator system connecting to an add/drop filter system. The objectives of the research are to employ systems of microring resonator (MRR) to generate binary signals to be carried out along fiber optic communication. Effective parameters such as refractive indices of a silicon waveguide, coupling coefficients (), coupling loss, radius of the ring (R) and the input power can be selected properly to operate the nonlinear behavior. The input Gaussian laser pulses with power of 600 mW are inserted into the system. The central wavelength of the input power has been selected to λ0=1.55 µm where the nonlinear refractive index of the medium is n2=2.6×10−17 m2 W−1. Therefore binary signals generated by the add/drop filter system can be converted to secure codes where the decoding process of the transmitted codes can be obtained at the final step. Here, multi soliton pulses with full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 325 could be generated, converted to secure codes and finally detected over 70 km optical fiber communication link.Micro strip antenna (siet) 1
This document discusses the modeling, simulation, and analysis of an ultra-wideband microstrip patch antenna. It provides background on microstrip patch antennas and their use in wireless communications. The objectives are to design a compact UWB microstrip patch antenna with improved gain and radiation pattern across the frequency range. Simulation software HFSS will be used to model and analyze the antenna design. Several techniques for obtaining UWB characteristics from prior research are summarized.
Implementation of Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Communication System Using ...
This paper presents the designed and implementation of spread spectrum technology for data transfer to overcome the interference problems associated with narrow band, very high frequency and ultra high frequency data transfer systems. The spread spectrum communication is used to reduce jamming of communication and provides a heightened secure communication. In this paper, the design and analyzes are implemented by Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) for baseband spread spectrum communication system using Pseudo Noise Sequences (PNS) for spreading digital data. The sequence generator and direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) for a single user is implemented in a FPGA module. The generated pseudo noise sequences are investigated for autocorrelation, cross correlation and balance properties. The bit error rates performance of the system is evaluated in multiuser environment under AWGN and reveals that, the DSSS system using pseudo noise sequences as spreading sequences significantly outperforms for the conventional PN sequences system
Frequency wavelength trapping by integrated ring resonators for secured netwo...
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This document presents a system using integrated ring resonators to trap optical pulses by frequency and wavelength for secured network and communication systems. The system generates discrete frequency pulses between 10-30 MHz and discrete wavelength pulses between 200-2500 nm that can be used to generate quantum codes for secured network communication. Mathematical models are presented and simulation results show the trapping of specific frequencies of 10.7 MHz and 16 MHz, and wavelengths of 206.9 nm, 1448 nm, 2169 nm, and 2489 nm within the ring resonator system. The discrete frequencies and wavelengths can be transmitted through communication networks using the generated quantum codes.Frequency-Wavelength Trapping by Integrated Ring Resonators For Secured Netwo...
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Optical pulse trapping via a series of microring resonator (MRR) is presented. Large bandwidth of optical soliton is generated by input pulse propagating within the MRRs. Distinguished discrete wavelength or frequency pulses can be generated by using localized spatial pulses via a networks communication system. Quantum codes can be generated by using a polarization control unit and a beam splitter, incorporating to the MRRs. Here frequency band of 10.7 MHz and 16 MHz and wavelengths of 206.9 nm, 1448 nm, 2169 nm and 2489 nm are localized and obtained and used for quantum codes generation applicable for secured networks communication.ANALYSIS OF ANTENNA ARRAYS FOR MILLIMETER WAVE COMMUNICATION
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Enhancement of Throughput & Spectrum Sensing of Cognitive Radio Networks
This document discusses enhancing throughput and spectrum sensing capabilities in cognitive radio networks. It proposes a novel cognitive radio system that allows for simultaneous spectrum sensing and data transmission, overcoming the traditional tradeoff between these two functions. The proposed system achieves improved throughput compared to conventional opportunistic spectrum access approaches by maximizing both sensing time and data transmission time to the full frame duration. Simulation results are provided to compare the throughput of the proposed system to conventional methods under a high target detection probability constraint.
Client Side Secure De-Duplication Scheme in Cloud Storage Environment
This document discusses enhancing throughput and spectrum sensing capabilities in cognitive radio networks. It proposes a novel cognitive radio system that allows for spectrum sensing and data transmission to occur simultaneously, overcoming the sensing-throughput tradeoff seen in conventional opportunistic spectrum access systems. The proposed system structure and receiver design are described, allowing the secondary receiver to decode the secondary transmission while using the remaining signal to sense for primary user presence over the full frame duration. This is compared to prior work where sensing time reduced data transmission time. The goal is to maximize both sensing time and data transmission time.
Enhancing the Capacity of the Indoor 60 GHz Band Via Modified Indoor Environm...
This document summarizes a study that examines enhancing the capacity of indoor 60 GHz wireless communications bands through modifying indoor environments. Specifically, it investigates using ring frequency selective surface wallpapers to control signal propagation. Both MATLAB and CST Microwave Studio are used to analyze the transmission and reflection properties of the designed ring FSS wallpaper. Wireless InSite simulations then demonstrate its effectiveness in enhancing signal reception in single input single output and multiple input multiple output scenarios, both with and without human bodies present. Path loss models are also analyzed and compared. Results show that modifying indoor environments with ring FSS wallpaper can significantly improve 60 GHz wireless communication capacities.
Transmission of data with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing techniqu...
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Microring resonators (MRRs) can be used to generate optical millimetre-wave solitons with a broadband frequency of
40–60 GHz. Non-linear light behaviours within MRRs, such as chaotic signals, can be used to generate logic codes (digital
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soliton pulses, which can be used in an OFDM based on whether fast Fourier transform or discrete wavelet transform
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and 2 GHz, respectively. The soliton pulses with FWHMs of 10 MHz could be generated at the drop port. Therefore,
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technique.Cm32546555
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Entangled Photon Encoding Using Trapping of Picoseconds Soliton pulse
This document discusses using trapped picosecond soliton pulses in microring resonators to generate entangled photon pairs for quantum keys. Simulations show soliton pulses with peak powers of 500-550 mW can be trapped within resonator frequencies of 3.52 GHz. This generates a 25 picosecond temporal soliton pulse that can be used to produce entangled photon pairs. The photons are then transmitted using a wireless router system to securely communicate information over an optical network. The microring resonators balance dispersion and nonlinearity to localize the soliton pulses for generating the entangled photons needed for quantum cryptography.
Performance Analysis of Cognitive Radio for Wi-Fi Signals Using Cyclostationa...
The need for radio spectrum usage is increasing day by day with recent advancements in wireless system. But there is limited amount of spectrum available. So that for solving this problem Cognitive Radio (CR) is used for purpose of the spectrum utilization properly. Basically the Licensed users use the licensed bands but the unlicensed users should always check spectrum with the help of CR technology. The main aim of cognitive radio is to sense the spectrum continuously. In this paper, we have provided the proposal that how the capacity of the system can be increased by reuse the unused licensed band by simulating a Cognitive radio system. The secondary users can occupy free space (spectrum holes) and also licensed bands by continuously monitoring the spectrum. The requirements of cognitive radio systems will be investigated by considering spectrum sensing techniques. To achieve this, a Cyclostationary Spectrum Sensing technique is studied and applied to detect OFDM signals in a noisy environment. The results are obtained for the applications employed in high frequency, such as, Wi-Fi.
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IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of physics and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in applied physics. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Logic codes generation and transmission using an encoding decoding system
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a method for generating and transmitting logic codes using a chaotic encoding-decoding system with a single ring resonator and optical fiber. The system works by using the single ring resonator to generate chaotic signals that are then converted into a logic code. This logic code is encoded for secure transmission over 50km of optical fiber. At the receiving end, the encoded signals are detected, decoded, and the original logic code is retrieved. The researchers simulated this process using software and were able to generate, encode, transmit, detect and decode a sample logic code string.
LOGIC CODES GENERATION AND TRANSMISSION USING AN ENCODING-DECODING SYSTEM
Nonlinear behaviors of light such as chaos can be observed during propagation of a Gaussian laser beam inside a single ring resonator system. Chaotic signals can be employed to generate data of logic codes to be transmitted along the fiber optic communication. Controlling of the chaotic signals can be implemented by the parameter of the system such as coupling coefficient, the ring’s radius, coupling loss and input power. The central wavelength of the input Gaussian laser pulse has been selected to λ0=1550 nm where the nonlinear refractive index of the medium is n2=1.4×10−13 m2 W−1. Therefore the data of logic codes generated by the single ring resonator system can be converted to transmitting secured codes where the decoding process of the transmitted codes can be obtained at the end of the transmission link. Here generation of logic code of “101010101011010101011101011110101101010101010110101” is performed, encoded and decoded over 50 km fiber optics. Thus secured transmitting of signals can be obtained along the long distance fiber
communication.
Design, Fabrication and Testing of Octagon Shape of Microstrip Patch Antenna ...
A microstrip patch antenna consists of conducting patch of any planar and nonplanar design on one side of the geometry. In this study, Microstrip patch antennas are designed as a rectangular patch antenna form in which slots are a shape of octagon slotted in the Radiating patch. Calculating all its geometric characteristics easily make this shape usage advantageous in Microstrip patch antenna design.
The basic structure of Microstrip patch antenna is given through the rectangular patch and runs though two slotted to generate multiband characteristics. The initial dimension of the rectangular patch is taken at the resonating frequency of 2.4 GHz.The dielectric material used is epoxy /glass {FR4}.
The three designs of the Microstrip patch are the Zero slot rectangular patch antenna, Single slot rectangular patch antenna and the five slots rectangular patch antenna. These designed rectangular patch antennas have various multiband applications. All the three designs of the rectangular patch antenna are simulated from the Zeland-IE3D electromagnetic simulator. The Simulations are done for the frequency range of 0 to 6 GHz.
. These designed patch antennas suits for various commercially available frequency range applications such as for GSM (1.86 GHz), ISM band (5 GHz), Wi-Fi IEEE 802.11(2.4-2.5 GHz for 802.11 b, g, n) and (5.7-5.9 GHz for 802.11 a & n), this shows that the proposed antennas have wide application range for commercial application.
A compact dual-band semi-flexible antenna at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz for wearabl...
This document summarizes a research paper that presents a compact dual-band semi-flexible antenna operating at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz for wearable applications. The antenna is fabricated on a semi-flexible substrate with low-profile dimensions of 30x38 mm, making it suitable for wearables. Simulation results show the antenna operates as desired under bending conditions mimicking the average human arm. Specific absorption rate simulations also show the antenna meets FCC and ICNIRP safety guidelines when worn on the body for industrial, scientific and medical applications.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
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In this work, we propose the technique that can be used to trap/delivery bio-cell by using the concept of dark solitons and potential well, in which the trapping force is formed by using the intense optical vortices generated within the series ring and the PANDA ring resonator, the microscopic bio-cell can be trapped and moved dynamically, in which the valley of the dark soliton is generated and controlled within the PANDA ring resonator by the control port signals.ASK-to-PSK Generation based on Nonlinear Microring Resonators Coupled to One ...
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A Study oF Dynamic Optical Tweezers Generation For Communication Networks
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15
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Single Soliton Bandwidth Generation and Manipulation by Microring ResonatorUniversity of Malaya (UM)
This document describes a system for generating and manipulating chaotic signals and single soliton pulses using a microring resonator (MRR) fiber optic system connected to an add/drop filter. When light from a laser diode is fed back into the fiber ring resonator, chaotic signals are produced based on the ring resonator parameters and input power level. Single soliton pulses can be generated and their bandwidth manipulated by the add/drop filter system. Results show that increasing the coupling coefficients of the add/drop filter leads to increased bandwidth of the generated single pulses. The system demonstrates potential applications by controlling nonlinear behaviors in the fiber ring resonator.NEW SYSTEM OF CHAOTIC SIGNAL GENERATION BASED ON COUPLING COEFFICIENTS APPLI...
NEW SYSTEM OF CHAOTIC SIGNAL GENERATION BASED ON COUPLING COEFFICIENTS APPLI...University of Malaya (UM)
The nonlinear behavior (chaotic) of light traveling in an optical fiber ring resonator such as an add/drop system
is presented. The chaotic behavior is considered to be a beneficial effect that can be used in the communication
system. Such a system can be used to secure the information signals, therefore, the ability of chaotic carriers to synchronize in a communication system is performed. The used optical material is InGaAsP/InP regarding to suitable parameters of the system. The nonlinear refractive index is fixed to n2 = 3.8 × 10−20 m2
/W, and the 20,000 iterations of round-trip within the system is simulated. The input powers are selected at 1 W, where the coupling coefficient of the system varies according to two critical cases, where 0 0.1
and 0.1 1. As a results, larger coupler coefficient corresponds to lower input power for the case of
0 0.1 and smaller coupling coefficient of the system is corresponds to lower input power when
0.1 1. To optimize the microring systems, Lower input power is recommended in many applications in optical optical communication systems.Chaotic Signal Generation and Trapping Using an Optical Transmission Link
Chaotic soliton can be generated using a nonlinear PANDA system. The research uses microring resonator
(MRR) to generate and trap chaotic signals along fiber optic communication. The parameters such as refractive
indices of a silicon waveguide, coupling coefficients ( ), coupling loss, radius of the ring (R) and the input power can be selected properly to operate the nonlinear behavior. The input Gaussian laser pulses with power of 0.45 W are inserted into the system. The central wavelength of the input power has been selected to λ0=1.55 µm where the nonlinear refractive index of the medium is n2=1.3×10−17 m2 W−1
. The generated chaotic signals with Full at Half
Maximum of 24 pm can be transmitted along the fiber optic with length of 195 km. The trapping of chaotic signals can be obtained at the end of the transmission link. Here signals with 600 fm bandwidth could be trapped within the system.
Generation of Nanometer Optical Tweezers Used for Optical Communication Netw...
Generation of Nanometer Optical Tweezers Used for Optical Communication Netw...University of Malaya (UM)
This document describes a system that can generate nanometer optical tweezers for use in optical communication networks. The system involves propagating dark solitons inside a nonlinear microring resonator (MRR). By controlling parameters like input power, the system can produce optical tweezers with full widths at half maximum as small as 9 nm. These ultra-short nanometer optical tweezers could improve data capacity in communication networks. The document also discusses using such a system along with a wavelength router for applications like quantum cryptography and secure optical communication.More from University of Malaya (UM) (20)
Tunable and Storage Potential Wells using Microring Resonator System for Bioc...
Tunable and Storage Potential Wells using Microring Resonator System for Bioc...
ASK-to-PSK Generation based on Nonlinear Microring Resonators Coupled to One ...
ASK-to-PSK Generation based on Nonlinear Microring Resonators Coupled to One ...
All-optical logic XOR/XNOR gate operation using microring and nanoring reson...
All-optical logic XOR/XNOR gate operation using microring and nanoring reson...
Simulation and Analysis of Multisoliton Generation Using a PANDA Ring Resonat...
Simulation and Analysis of Multisoliton Generation Using a PANDA Ring Resonat...
Characterisation of bifurcation and chaos in silicon microring resonator
Characterisation of bifurcation and chaos in silicon microring resonator
Generation of Quantum Photon Information Using Extremely Narrow Optical Tweez...
Generation of Quantum Photon Information Using Extremely Narrow Optical Tweez...
Decimal Convertor Application for Optical Wireless Communication by Generatin...
Decimal Convertor Application for Optical Wireless Communication by Generatin...
Cryptography Scheme of an Optical Switching System Using Pico/Femto Second So...
Cryptography Scheme of an Optical Switching System Using Pico/Femto Second So...
Dark-Bright Solitons Conversion System for Secured and Long Distance Optical ...
Dark-Bright Solitons Conversion System for Secured and Long Distance Optical ...
Secured Transportation of Quantum Codes Using Integrated PANDA-Add/drop and T...
Secured Transportation of Quantum Codes Using Integrated PANDA-Add/drop and T...
A Study oF Dynamic Optical Tweezers Generation For Communication Networks
A Study oF Dynamic Optical Tweezers Generation For Communication Networks
Controlling Nonlinear Behavior of a SMRR for Network System Engineering
Controlling Nonlinear Behavior of a SMRR for Network System Engineering
Long Distance Communication Using Localized Optical Soliton via Entangled Ph...
Long Distance Communication Using Localized Optical Soliton via Entangled Ph...
Optical Wired/Wireless Communication Using Soliton Optical Tweezers
Optical Wired/Wireless Communication Using Soliton Optical Tweezers
Single Soliton Bandwidth Generation and Manipulation by Microring Resonator
Single Soliton Bandwidth Generation and Manipulation by Microring Resonator
NEW SYSTEM OF CHAOTIC SIGNAL GENERATION BASED ON COUPLING COEFFICIENTS APPLI...
NEW SYSTEM OF CHAOTIC SIGNAL GENERATION BASED ON COUPLING COEFFICIENTS APPLI...
Chaotic Signal Generation and Trapping Using an Optical Transmission Link
Chaotic Signal Generation and Trapping Using an Optical Transmission Link
Generation of Nanometer Optical Tweezers Used for Optical Communication Netw...
Generation of Nanometer Optical Tweezers Used for Optical Communication Netw...
Recently uploaded
Signatures of wave erosion in Titan’s coasts
The shorelines of Titan’s hydrocarbon seas trace flooded erosional landforms such as river valleys; however, it isunclear whether coastal erosion has subsequently altered these shorelines. Spacecraft observations and theo-retical models suggest that wind may cause waves to form on Titan’s seas, potentially driving coastal erosion,but the observational evidence of waves is indirect, and the processes affecting shoreline evolution on Titanremain unknown. No widely accepted framework exists for using shoreline morphology to quantitatively dis-cern coastal erosion mechanisms, even on Earth, where the dominant mechanisms are known. We combinelandscape evolution models with measurements of shoreline shape on Earth to characterize how differentcoastal erosion mechanisms affect shoreline morphology. Applying this framework to Titan, we find that theshorelines of Titan’s seas are most consistent with flooded landscapes that subsequently have been eroded bywaves, rather than a uniform erosional process or no coastal erosion, particularly if wave growth saturates atfetch lengths of tens of kilometers.
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...ABHISHEK SONI NIMT INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL AND PARAMEDCIAL SCIENCES , GOVT PG COLLEGE NOIDA
Microbial interaction
Microorganisms interacts with each other and can be physically associated with another organisms in a variety of ways.
One organism can be located on the surface of another organism as an ectobiont or located within another organism as endobiont.
Microbial interaction may be positive such as mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism or may be negative such as parasitism, predation or competition
Types of microbial interaction
Positive interaction: mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism
Negative interaction: Ammensalism (antagonism), parasitism, predation, competition
I. Mutualism:
It is defined as the relationship in which each organism in interaction gets benefits from association. It is an obligatory relationship in which mutualist and host are metabolically dependent on each other.
Mutualistic relationship is very specific where one member of association cannot be replaced by another species.
Mutualism require close physical contact between interacting organisms.
Relationship of mutualism allows organisms to exist in habitat that could not occupied by either species alone.
Mutualistic relationship between organisms allows them to act as a single organism.
Examples of mutualism:
i. Lichens:
Lichens are excellent example of mutualism.
They are the association of specific fungi and certain genus of algae. In lichen, fungal partner is called mycobiont and algal partner is called
II. Syntrophism:
It is an association in which the growth of one organism either depends on or improved by the substrate provided by another organism.
In syntrophism both organism in association gets benefits.
Compound A
Utilized by population 1
Compound B
Utilized by population 2
Compound C
utilized by both Population 1+2
Products
In this theoretical example of syntrophism, population 1 is able to utilize and metabolize compound A, forming compound B but cannot metabolize beyond compound B without co-operation of population 2. Population 2is unable to utilize compound A but it can metabolize compound B forming compound C. Then both population 1 and 2 are able to carry out metabolic reaction which leads to formation of end product that neither population could produce alone.
Examples of syntrophism:
i. Methanogenic ecosystem in sludge digester
Methane produced by methanogenic bacteria depends upon interspecies hydrogen transfer by other fermentative bacteria.
Anaerobic fermentative bacteria generate CO2 and H2 utilizing carbohydrates which is then utilized by methanogenic bacteria (Methanobacter) to produce methane.
ii. Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis:
In the minimal media, Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis are able to grow together but not alone.
The synergistic relationship between E. faecalis and L. arobinosus occurs in which E. faecalis require folic acid
Pests of Storage_Identification_Dr.UPR.pdf
InIndia-post-harvestlosses-unscientificstorage,insects,rodents,micro-organismsetc.,accountforabout10percentoftotalfoodgrains
Graininfestation
Directdamage
Indirectly
•theexuviae,skin,deadinsects
•theirexcretawhichmakefoodunfitforhumanconsumption
About600speciesofinsectshavebeenassociatedwithstoredgrainproducts
100speciesofinsectpestsofstoredproductscauseeconomiclosses
Sustainable Land Management - Climate Smart Agriculture
Sustainable Land Management - Climate Smart AgricultureInternational Food Policy Research Institute- South Asia Office
PPT on Sustainable Land Management presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE .
Austrian-Slovenian HPC Meeting 2024 – ASHPC24, Seeblickhotel Grundlsee in Austria, 10–13 June 2024
https://ashpc.eu/
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart Agriculture
Direct Seeded Rice - Climate Smart AgricultureInternational Food Policy Research Institute- South Asia Office
PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
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二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
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◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
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◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
Ozturkcan, S., Berndt, A., & Angelakis, A. (2024). Mending clothing to support sustainable fashion. Presented at the 31st Annual Conference by the Consortium for International Marketing Research (CIMaR), 10-13 Jun 2024, University of Gävle, Sweden.
JAMES WEBB STUDY THE MASSIVE BLACK HOLE SEEDS
The pathway(s) to seeding the massive black holes (MBHs) that exist at the heart of galaxies in the present and distant Universe remains an unsolved problem. Here we categorise, describe and quantitatively discuss the formation pathways of both light and heavy seeds. We emphasise that the most recent computational models suggest that rather than a bimodal-like mass spectrum between light and heavy seeds with light at one end and heavy at the other that instead a continuum exists. Light seeds being more ubiquitous and the heavier seeds becoming less and less abundant due the rarer environmental conditions required for their formation. We therefore examine the different mechanisms that give rise to different seed mass spectrums. We show how and why the mechanisms that produce the heaviest seeds are also among the rarest events in the Universe and are hence extremely unlikely to be the seeds for the vast majority of the MBH population. We quantify, within the limits of the current large uncertainties in the seeding processes, the expected number densities of the seed mass spectrum. We argue that light seeds must be at least 103 to 105 times more numerous than heavy seeds to explain the MBH population as a whole. Based on our current understanding of the seed population this makes heavy seeds (Mseed > 103 M⊙) a significantly more likely pathway given that heavy seeds have an abundance pattern than is close to and likely in excess of 10−4 compared to light seeds. Finally, we examine the current state-of-the-art in numerical calculations and recent observations and plot a path forward for near-future advances in both domains.
Recently uploaded (20)
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...
Sustainable Land Management - Climate Smart Agriculture
Sustainable Land Management - Climate Smart Agriculture
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
Introduction_Ch_01_Biotech Biotechnology course .pptx
Introduction_Ch_01_Biotech Biotechnology course .pptx
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
Microbiology of Central Nervous System INFECTIONS.pdf
Microbiology of Central Nervous System INFECTIONS.pdf
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
Generating of 57-61 GHz Frequency Band Using a Panda Ring Resonator
- 1. Generating of 57-61 GHz Frequency Band Using a Panda Ring Resonator I. S. Amiri*1 , A. Shahidinejad2 , J. Ali1 1 Institute of Advanced Photonics Science, Nanotechnology Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia 2 Faculty of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81300 Johor Bahru, Malaysia *E-mail Address: isafiz@yahoo.com ABSTRACT: A system of microring resonator (MRR) connected to an optical panda ring resonator is presented. The optical soliton pulse of 57-61 GHz frequency band can be generated and used for applications in optical communications. The system uses a Gaussian laser pulse propagating within a nonlinear MRRs system. The ultra short single and multi optical soliton pulses within the range of 57-61 GHz can be generated and seen at the through and drop ports of the system. This range is applicable for a short distance optical communication such as indoor systems. The generated optical soliton pulses have the bandwidth of 5 and 20 MHz. Keywords: Optical soliton pulses; Microring Resonator, 57-61 GHz Frequency Band Generation 1. INTRODUCTION The 57-61 GHz frequency band is very promising, since it offers a huge amount of unlicensed spectrum that provides very high throughput. Some standardization groups and industrial consortia have been formed to specify 57-61 GHz transmission for wireless applications. Researchers have found many concerns on the high bandwidth available in the 57-61 GHz unlicensed spectrum band. The micro and nano structure of the optical materials has attracted many scientific researchers [1-3]. Microring resonator can be used to generate a broad band of optical soliton applicable in many areas of optical networks such as wireless- cable systems and indoor-outdoor communication [4-7]. Amiri et al. have reported the optical output transfer function which is derived and used for a light pulse propagating within a microring resonator at a resonant condition [8-10]. Using the optical soliton pulses, the