Generation of picometer optical soliton pulses is investigated using a nonlinear PANDA ring resonator system connecting to an add/drop filter system. The objectives of the research are to employ systems of microring resonator (MRR) to generate binary signals to be carried out along fiber optic communication. Effective parameters such as refractive indices of a silicon waveguide, coupling coefficients (), coupling loss, radius of the ring (R) and the input power can be selected properly to operate the nonlinear behavior. The input Gaussian laser pulses with power of 600 mW are inserted into the system. The central wavelength of the input power has been selected to λ0=1.55 µm where the nonlinear refractive index of the medium is n2=2.6×10−17 m2 W−1. Therefore binary signals generated by the add/drop filter system can be converted to secure codes where the decoding process of the transmitted codes can be obtained at the final step. Here, multi soliton pulses with full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 325 could be generated, converted to secure codes and finally detected over 70 km optical fiber communication link.
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of physics and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in applied physics. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of physics and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in applied physics. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
This research is used to control the nonlinear behavior of silicon microring resonators, MRR’s such as chaos and bifurcation. Increasing of nonlinear refractive indices, coupling coefficients and radius of the SMRR leads to descend input power and round trips wherein the bifurcation occurs. As result, bifurcation or chaos behaviors are seen at lower input power of 44 W, where the nonlinear refractive index is n2=3.2×10−20 m2/W. Smallest round trips can be seen for the R=40 µm and 0.1 respectively. Signals from the SMRR are passing through a polarizer beam splitter to generate quantum
binary codes which are used in wireless network communication.
Signal classification of second order cyclostationarity signals using bt scld...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Ber performance of ofdm with discrete wavelet transform for time dispersive c...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Transmitting audio via fiber optics under nonlinear effects and optimized tun...IJECEIAES
The ability of fiber optic to overcome the signal transmission problems is making it a dominant transmission medium. Despite of this major positive attribute of optic fibers, there is still a downside for using the fiber optic communication; that is the nonlinearity problem. For the first time, a design of an audio signal is suggested and executed in MATLAB with integration with OptiSystem TM Software .The audio signal then transmitted in different shapes of modulation signals (NRZ, RZ, & RC) for different distances (100 km & 75 km) via a fiber optic media to be received in a receiving part of the simulated system. Three tests are used to do so. The first is the Quality-facto (Q-Factor) against the received power, second test is eye diagram performance and finally is the measuring of the amplitude of output (received) signal for each modulation signal shape using the Oscilloscope Visualizer. The NZR modulation signal was found to be the best one of the three used signals’ types in all three tests. The Q-factor for NRZ pulse shape (=12) was higher than that for RZ (=10) and RC (=8) for a 100 km distance at the same received power level.
Magnetic resonance coupling for 5G WPT applicationsjournalBEEI
Inductive Wireless Power Transfer (IWPT) is the most popular and common technology for the resonance coupling power transfer. However, in 2007 it has experimentally demonstrated by a research group from Massachusets Institute of Technology (MIT) that WPT can be improved by using Magnetic Resonance Coupling Wireless Power Transfer (MRC WPT) in terms of the coupling distance and efficiency. Furthermore, by exploiting the unused, high-frequency mm-wave band which are ranging from 3~300 GHz frequency band, the next 5G generations of wireless networks will be able to support a higher number of devices with the increasing data rate, higher energy efficiency and also compatible with the previous technology. In this work, a square planar inductor with the dimension of 6.1 x 6.1 mm is designed, and the resonators have the same self-resonance frequency at 14 GHz. The coil resonators have been laid on Silicon and Oxide substrate to reduce the loss in the design. From the CST software simulation and the analytical model in MATLAB software, it has been shown that the MRC WPT design has improved the performance of IWPT design by 40% power transfer efficiency. MRC WPT design also has larger H-Field value which is 705.5 A/m, as compared to the IWPT design which has only 285.6 A/m when both Transmitter(Tx) and Reciever(RX) is at 0.3 mm coupling distance.
Channel Estimation Techniques in MIMO-OFDM LTE SystemsCauses and Effects of C...IJERA Editor
There is an increasing demand for high data transmission rates with the evolution of the very large scale integration (VLSI) technology. The multiple input multiple output-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) systems are used to fulfill these requirements because of their unique properties such as high spectral efficiency, high data rate and resistance towards multipath propagation. MIMO-OFDM systems are finding their applications in the modern wireless communication systems like IEEE 802.11n, 4G and LTE. They also offer reliable communication with the increased coverage area. The bottleneck to the MIMO-OFDM systems is the estimation of the channel state information (CSI). This can be estimated with the help of any one of the Training Based, Semiblind and Blind Channel estimation algorithms. This paper presents various channel estimation algorithms, optimization techniques and their effective utilization in MIMO-OFDM for modern wireless LTE systems.
¿De qué hablamos cuando nos referimos a la Diversiad en educación?¿Estamos preparados para una verdadera integración de niños con capacidades especiales a nuestras escuelas?
This research is used to control the nonlinear behavior of silicon microring resonators, MRR’s such as chaos and bifurcation. Increasing of nonlinear refractive indices, coupling coefficients and radius of the SMRR leads to descend input power and round trips wherein the bifurcation occurs. As result, bifurcation or chaos behaviors are seen at lower input power of 44 W, where the nonlinear refractive index is n2=3.2×10−20 m2/W. Smallest round trips can be seen for the R=40 µm and 0.1 respectively. Signals from the SMRR are passing through a polarizer beam splitter to generate quantum
binary codes which are used in wireless network communication.
Signal classification of second order cyclostationarity signals using bt scld...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Ber performance of ofdm with discrete wavelet transform for time dispersive c...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Transmitting audio via fiber optics under nonlinear effects and optimized tun...IJECEIAES
The ability of fiber optic to overcome the signal transmission problems is making it a dominant transmission medium. Despite of this major positive attribute of optic fibers, there is still a downside for using the fiber optic communication; that is the nonlinearity problem. For the first time, a design of an audio signal is suggested and executed in MATLAB with integration with OptiSystem TM Software .The audio signal then transmitted in different shapes of modulation signals (NRZ, RZ, & RC) for different distances (100 km & 75 km) via a fiber optic media to be received in a receiving part of the simulated system. Three tests are used to do so. The first is the Quality-facto (Q-Factor) against the received power, second test is eye diagram performance and finally is the measuring of the amplitude of output (received) signal for each modulation signal shape using the Oscilloscope Visualizer. The NZR modulation signal was found to be the best one of the three used signals’ types in all three tests. The Q-factor for NRZ pulse shape (=12) was higher than that for RZ (=10) and RC (=8) for a 100 km distance at the same received power level.
Magnetic resonance coupling for 5G WPT applicationsjournalBEEI
Inductive Wireless Power Transfer (IWPT) is the most popular and common technology for the resonance coupling power transfer. However, in 2007 it has experimentally demonstrated by a research group from Massachusets Institute of Technology (MIT) that WPT can be improved by using Magnetic Resonance Coupling Wireless Power Transfer (MRC WPT) in terms of the coupling distance and efficiency. Furthermore, by exploiting the unused, high-frequency mm-wave band which are ranging from 3~300 GHz frequency band, the next 5G generations of wireless networks will be able to support a higher number of devices with the increasing data rate, higher energy efficiency and also compatible with the previous technology. In this work, a square planar inductor with the dimension of 6.1 x 6.1 mm is designed, and the resonators have the same self-resonance frequency at 14 GHz. The coil resonators have been laid on Silicon and Oxide substrate to reduce the loss in the design. From the CST software simulation and the analytical model in MATLAB software, it has been shown that the MRC WPT design has improved the performance of IWPT design by 40% power transfer efficiency. MRC WPT design also has larger H-Field value which is 705.5 A/m, as compared to the IWPT design which has only 285.6 A/m when both Transmitter(Tx) and Reciever(RX) is at 0.3 mm coupling distance.
Channel Estimation Techniques in MIMO-OFDM LTE SystemsCauses and Effects of C...IJERA Editor
There is an increasing demand for high data transmission rates with the evolution of the very large scale integration (VLSI) technology. The multiple input multiple output-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) systems are used to fulfill these requirements because of their unique properties such as high spectral efficiency, high data rate and resistance towards multipath propagation. MIMO-OFDM systems are finding their applications in the modern wireless communication systems like IEEE 802.11n, 4G and LTE. They also offer reliable communication with the increased coverage area. The bottleneck to the MIMO-OFDM systems is the estimation of the channel state information (CSI). This can be estimated with the help of any one of the Training Based, Semiblind and Blind Channel estimation algorithms. This paper presents various channel estimation algorithms, optimization techniques and their effective utilization in MIMO-OFDM for modern wireless LTE systems.
¿De qué hablamos cuando nos referimos a la Diversiad en educación?¿Estamos preparados para una verdadera integración de niños con capacidades especiales a nuestras escuelas?
The microring resonator (MRR) system can be used to trap optical solitons. These types of pulses are used to generate entangled photon required for quantum keys. The required information can be provided via the quantum keys. We simulate localized spatial and temporal soliton pulses to form an optical communication used in wireless systems. The input soliton pulses with peak power of 500 and 550 mW are used to generate a spectrum of chaotic signals within the nonlinear medium, where the nonlinear refractive index is selected to n2=2.2 x 10-17m2/W. The ultra-short soliton pulse can be trapped within the 3.52 GHz frequency, where the temporal soliton pulse with FWHM of 25 ps could be simulated and used to generate entangled photon pair. The generated entangled photons are input into a wireless router system which is used to transfer them within a network communication system. The router system is used to receive the information and convert it to analog signals at the end of the transmission link, thus data can be sent to the users via a secured optical communication system using MRRs.
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of physics and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in applied physics. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Secured Transportation of Quantum Codes Using Integrated PANDA-Add/drop and T...University of Malaya (UM)
New system of quantum cryptography for communication networks is proposed. Multi optical Soliton can be generated and propagated via an add/drop interferometer system incorporated with a time division multiple access (TDMA) system. Here the transportation of quantum codes is performed. Chaotic output signals from the PANDA ring resonator are inserted into the add/drop filter system. Using the add/drop filter system multi dark and bright solitons can be obtained and used to generate entangled quantum codes for internet security. In this research soliton pulses with FWHM and FSR of 325 pm and 880 nm are generated, respectively.
Nonlinear behaviors of light such as chaos can be observed during propagation of a Gaussian laser beam inside a single ring resonator system. Chaotic signals can be employed to generate data of logic codes to be transmitted along the fiber optic communication. Controlling of the chaotic signals can be implemented by the parameter of the system such as coupling coefficient, the ring’s radius, coupling loss and input power. The central wavelength of the input Gaussian laser pulse has been selected to λ0=1550 nm where the nonlinear refractive index of the medium is n2=1.4×10−13 m2 W−1. Therefore the data of logic codes generated by the single ring resonator system can be converted to transmitting secured codes where the decoding process of the transmitted codes can be obtained at the end of the transmission link. Here generation of logic code of “101010101011010101011101011110101101010101010110101” is performed, encoded and decoded over 50 km fiber optics. Thus secured transmitting of signals can be obtained along the long distance fiber
communication.
Decimal Convertor Application for Optical Wireless Communication by Generatin...University of Malaya (UM)
Two systems consist of microring resonators (MRRs) and an add/drop filter are used to generate signals as localized multi wavelengths. Quantum dense encoding
can be performed by output signals of selected wavelengths incorporated to a polarization control system. Therefore dark and bright optical soliton pulses
with different time slot are generated. They can be converted into digital logic quantum codes using a decimal convertor system propagating along a wireless networks. Results show that multi soliton wavelength, ranged from 1.55 m to 1.56 m with FWHM and FSR of 10 pm and 600 pm can be generated respectively. Keywords- Micro Ring Resonator, Quantum Dense Coding (QDC), Wireless network communication system.
Frequency-Wavelength Trapping by Integrated Ring Resonators For Secured Netwo...University of Malaya (UM)
Optical pulse trapping via a series of microring resonator (MRR) is presented. Large bandwidth of optical soliton is generated by input pulse propagating within the MRRs. Distinguished discrete wavelength or frequency pulses can be generated by using localized spatial pulses via a networks communication system. Quantum codes can be generated by using a polarization control unit and a beam splitter, incorporating to the MRRs. Here frequency band of 10.7 MHz and 16 MHz and wavelengths of 206.9 nm, 1448 nm, 2169 nm and 2489 nm are localized and obtained and used for quantum codes generation applicable for secured networks communication.
Generation of Nanometer Optical Tweezers Used for Optical Communication Netw...University of Malaya (UM)
A system of Half-Panda microring resonator (MRR) is proposed to generate ultra-short nanometer (nm)
optical tweezers. The dark soliton propagates inside nonlinear MRR. Molecules or photons transport within the system when the dark soliton is used as input pulse. Nano optical tweezers can be generated and used to many applications in optical communication networks. Here the smallest nano optical tweezers signals with full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 9 nm is obtained where the free spectrum range (FSR) of 50 nm is simulated.
Nonlinear Chaotic Signals Generation and Transmission within an Optical Fiber...University of Malaya (UM)
The nonlinear behavior of light such as chaos traveling in an optical fiber ring resonator as a single
ring resonator is presented. This phenomenon can be used to generate secret codes or arbitrary digital codes of "0" and "1" applicable in the communication system such as time division multiple access (TDMA) system. Such a system can be used to secure the information signals therefore, the ability of chaotic carriers to synchronize in a communication system is performed. The used optical material is InGaAsP/InP regarding to suitable parameters of the system. The nonlinear refractive index is fixed to n2=3.8 × 10−20 m2
/W. The input power is selected at 1 W, where the coupling coefficient of the system varies as
0 0.1. As a result, train of logic
codes could be generated and transmitted via a fiber communication link using the chaotic signals. To optimize the microring systems, Lower input power is recommended in many applications in optical optical
communication systems.
NEW SYSTEM OF CHAOTIC SIGNAL GENERATION BASED ON COUPLING COEFFICIENTS APPLI...University of Malaya (UM)
The nonlinear behavior (chaotic) of light traveling in an optical fiber ring resonator such as an add/drop system
is presented. The chaotic behavior is considered to be a beneficial effect that can be used in the communication
system. Such a system can be used to secure the information signals, therefore, the ability of chaotic carriers to synchronize in a communication system is performed. The used optical material is InGaAsP/InP regarding to suitable parameters of the system. The nonlinear refractive index is fixed to n2 = 3.8 × 10−20 m2
/W, and the 20,000 iterations of round-trip within the system is simulated. The input powers are selected at 1 W, where the coupling coefficient of the system varies according to two critical cases, where 0 0.1
and 0.1 1. As a results, larger coupler coefficient corresponds to lower input power for the case of
0 0.1 and smaller coupling coefficient of the system is corresponds to lower input power when
0.1 1. To optimize the microring systems, Lower input power is recommended in many applications in optical optical communication systems.
Generation of Quantum Photon Information Using Extremely Narrow Optical Tweez...University of Malaya (UM)
A system of microring resonator (MRR) is presented to generate extremely narrow optical tweezers. An add/drop filter system consisting of one centered ring and one smaller ring on the left side can be used to generate extremely narrow pulse of optical tweezers. Optical tweezers generated by the dark-Gaussian behavior propagate via the MRRs system, where the input Gaussian pulse controls the output signal at the drop port of the system. Here the output optical tweezers can be connected to a quantum signal processing system (receiver), where it can be used to generate high capacity quantum codes within series of MRR’s and an add/drop filter. Detection of the encoded signals known as quantum bits can be done by the receiver unit system. Generated entangled photon pair propagates via an optical communication link. Here, the result of optical tweezers with full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 0.3 nm, 0.8 nm and 1.6 nm, 1.3 nm are obtained at the through and drop ports of the system respectively. These results used to be transmitted through a quantum signal processor via an optical computer network communication link.
All-Optical OFDM Generation for IEEE802.11a Based on Soliton Carriers Using M...University of Malaya (UM)
The optical carrier generation is the basic building block to implement all-optical
orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission. One method to optically
generate single and multicarriers is to use the microring resonator (MRR). The MRRs can be
used as filter devices, where generation of high-frequency (GHz) soliton signals as single
and multicarriers can be performed using suitable system parameters. Here, the optical
soliton in a nonlinear fiber MRR system is analyzed, using a modified add/drop system
known as a Panda ring resonator connected to an add/drop system. In order to set up a
transmission system, i.e., IEEE802.11a, first, 64 uniform optical carriers were generated and
separated by a splitter and modulated; afterward, the spectra of the modulated optical
subcarriers are overlapped, which results one optical OFDM channel band. The quadrature
amplitude modulation (QAM) and 16-QAM are used for modulating the subcarriers. The
generated OFDM signal is multiplexed with a single-carrier soliton and transmitted through
the single-mode fiber (SMF). After photodetection, the radio frequency (RF) signal was
propagated. On the receiver side, the RF signal was optically modulated and processed.
The results show the generation of 64 multicarriers evenly spaced in the range from 54.09 to
55.01 GHz, where demodulation of these signals is performed, and the performance of the
system is analyzed.
IEEE 802.15.3c WPAN Standard Using Millimeter Optical Soliton Pulse Generated...University of Malaya (UM)
A system of microring resonators (MRRs) connected to an optical modified add/drop filter system known as a Panda ring resonator is presented. The optical soliton pulse of 60 GHz frequency band can be generated and used for Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) applications such as IEEE 802.15.3c. The system uses chaotic signals generated by a Gaussian laser pulse propagating within a nonlinear MRRs system. The chaotic signals can be generated via a series of microring resonators, where the filtering process is performed via the Panda ring resonator system wherein ultrashort single and multiple optical soliton pulses of 60 GHz are generated and seen at the through and drop ports, respectively. The IEEE 802.15.3c standard operates at the 60 GHz frequency band, and it is applicable for a short distance optical communication such as indoor systems, where the higher transmission data rate can be performed using a high frequency band of the output optical soliton pulses. The single and multi-soliton pulses could be generated and converted to logic codes, where the bandwidths of these pulses are 5 and 20 MHz, respectively. Thus, these types of signals can be used in optical indoor systems and transmission link using appropriate components such as transmitter, fiber optics, amplifier, and receiver.
Cryptography Scheme of an Optical Switching System Using Pico/Femto Second So...University of Malaya (UM)
We propose a system of microring resonators (MRRs) incorporating with an add/drop filter system. Optical soliton can be simulated and used to generate entangled photon, applicable in single and multiple optical switching. Chaotic signals can be generated via the MRRs system. Therefore continuous spatial and temporal signals are generated spreading over the spectrum. Polarized photons are formed incorporating the
polarization control unit into the MRRs, which allows different time slot entangled photons to be randomly formed. Results show the single soliton pulse of 0.7 ps where the multi soliton pulse with FSR and FWHM of 0.6 ns and 20 ps are generated using the add/drop filter system. Here Ultra-short single soliton pulse with FWHM=42 fs can be simulated. These pulses are providing required communication signals to generate pair of polarization entangled photons among different time frame where the polarization control unit and polarizer beam splitter (PBS) are connected to the ring resonator system.
We propose a novel system of the dynamic optical tweezers generated by a dark soliton in the fiber optic loop. A dark soliton known as an optical tweezer is amplified and tuned within the microring resonator (MRR) system. The required tunable tweezers with different widthsand powers can be controlled. The analysis of dark-bright soliton conversion using a dark soliton pulse propagating within a MRR is analyzed. The control dark soliton is input into the system via the add port of the add/drop filter. The dynamic behavior of the dark-brightsoliton conversion is observed. The required stable signal is obtained via a drop and throughput ports of the add/drop filter with some suitable parameters. In application, generation of optical tweezers and transportation can be realized by using the proposed system, where the communication network is performed.
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of physics and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in applied physics. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Long Distance Communication Using Localized Optical Soliton via Entangled Ph...University of Malaya (UM)
A system of microring resonators (MRRs) is presented to generation entangled photon. Different time slot for continuous variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) use is applicable in optical wireless link. Chaotic behavior of a soliton pulse within the device can be presented respect to the Kerr nonlinear type of light in the MRR devices. Continuous spatial and temporal signals are generated spreading over the spectrum. The CVQKD is formed using the localized spatial soliton pulse. Here localized temporal soliton with FWHM and FSR of 0.2 ps and 0.58 ns is obtained respectively. The spatial soliton pulse has a FWHM of 80 pm. Transmission of soliton pulse with FWHM of 1.5 ps is simulated along the long distance fiber optics where the polarized photons are formed incorporating with the polarization control unit into the MRRs, which allows different time slot entangled photons to be randomly formed.
Dark-Bright Solitons Conversion System for Secured and Long Distance Optical ...University of Malaya (UM)
We suggest a new purpose of a security scheme by employing the nonlinear behaviors of temporal dark and bright solitons amongst a micro-ring resonator system for signal security application. The chaotic signal is generated, where the required bright soliton pulse can be recovered and discovered by an add/drop filtering device. By using the reserve ring parameters, simulation results obtained have demonstrated that the soliton conversion can be performed. In application, the chaotic signal is generated and formed by the dark soliton inside a nonlinear micro-ring device. The different temporal soliton response time can be seen, the response times of 169 and 84 ns are mentioned for temporal dark and bright solitons, respectively, which can also be used to figure the security key. The technique of optical conversion can be use to improve the optical communication network systems.
Similar to Ultra-short Multi Soliton Generation for Application in Long Distance Communication (20)
Tunable and Storage Potential Wells using Microring Resonator System for Bioc...University of Malaya (UM)
In this work, we propose the technique that can be used to trap/delivery bio-cell by using the concept of dark solitons and potential well, in which the trapping force is formed by using the intense optical vortices generated within the series ring and the PANDA ring resonator, the microscopic bio-cell can be trapped and moved dynamically, in which the valley of the dark soliton is generated and controlled within the PANDA ring resonator by the control port signals.
ASK-to-PSK Generation based on Nonlinear Microring Resonators Coupled to One ...University of Malaya (UM)
We present a new concept of ASK-to-PSK generation based on nonlinear microring resonators coupled to one MZI arm by using OptiWave FDTD method. By microring resonator increase from one to three microring (SR to TR), we found that the amplitude shift keying (ASK) are increase exactly and the phase shift keying (PSK) is equal to π.
All-optical logic XOR/XNOR gate operation using microring and nanoring reson...University of Malaya (UM)
In this paper, a novel system of simultaneous optical logic AND and OR gates using dark -bright soliton conversion within the add/drop optical filter system is proposed. The input logic „0‟ and control logic „0‟ are formed by using the dark soliton pulse (D) trains. By using the dark-bright soliton conversion behavior within the π/2 phase shift device, we found that the simultaneous optical logic AND and OR gates at the drop and through ports can be randomly formed, respectively.
Simulation and Analysis of Multisoliton Generation Using a PANDA Ring Resonat...University of Malaya (UM)
A novel system of multisoliton generation using nonlinear equations of the propagating signals is presented. This system uses a PANDA ring resonator incorporated with an add/drop filter system. Using resonant conditions, the intense optical fields known as multisolitons can be generated and propagated within a Kerr-type nonlinear medium. The present simulation results show that multisolitons can be controlled by using additional Gaussian pulses input into the add port of the PANDA system. For the soliton pulse in the microring device, a balance should be achieved between dispersion and nonlinear lengths. Chaotic output signals from the PANDA ring resonator are input into the add/drop filter system. Chaotic signals can be filtered by using the add/drop filter system, in which multi dark and bright solitons can be generated. In this work multi dark and bright solitons with an FWHM and an FSR of 425pm and 1.145 nm are generated, respectively, where the Gaussian pulse with a central wavelength of 1.55 μm and power of 600 mW is input into the system.
In this study an interesting system in which a bright and dark soliton pulse can be stopped inside a nonlinear waveguide is presented. Here, we propose a system consisting of a series of ring resonators for optical trapping within a nonlinear waveguide. The bright and dark solitons can be controlled and slowed down within the waveguide. The FWHM for the output signals are calculated and used as an optical memory. Bright and dark soliton behaviors within a micro and nano ring resonator are also investigated and described. The required pulse is filtered and amplified, can be controlled and localized within the system. The localized bright and dark solitons are stopped by controlling the input power,which means that the photon stopping can be controlled by light in a ring resonator.
A molecular cryptography technique using optical tweezers, is proposed. The optical tweezer transports the molecules in the communication system. The optical tweezer generated by the dark soliton is in the form of a potential well. The dark soliton propagates inside nonlinear microring resonator (NMRR). Transportation of molecules is implemented when the dark soliton is used as input pulse. The input bright soliton control the output signal at the drop port of the system. Output optical tweezers can be connected to the quantum signal processing system consisting of transmitter and the receiver. The transmitter is used to generate the high capacity quantum codes within the series of MRR’s and anadd/drop filter. The receiver will detect the encoded signals known as quantum bits. The transmitter will generate the entangled photon pair which propagates via an optical communication link. Here the smallest optical tweezer with respect to the full width at half maximum FWHM is 17.6 nm in the formof potential well is obtained and transmitted through quantum signal processor via an optical link.
The aim of this study is to generate nano optical tweezers to be connected to an optical quantum signal processing system in order to transmit quantum photon via an optical communication link. A system of microring resonator (MRR) known as Half-Panda is proposed to generate nano optical tweezers. Optical tweezers can be used to transport molecules in a communication link. The dark soliton propagates inside nonlinear MRR. Transportation of molecules or photons is implemented when the dark soliton is used as input pulse. The input Gaussian soliton is used to control the output signal at the through and drop ports of the system. Output nano optical tweezers can be connected to the quantum signal processing system consisting of a receiver and transmitter. The receiver will detect the signals of optical tweezers and transmit them via wired/wireless as quantum bits. The transmitter will generate the entangled photon pair which propagates via an optical communication link. Here the smallest nano optical tweezers signals with width at half maximum (FWHM) of 4.2 nm is obtained where the free spectrum range (FSR) of 50 nm is simulated.
Single Soliton Bandwidth Generation and Manipulation by Microring ResonatorUniversity of Malaya (UM)
In this paper, we propose a system for chaotic signal generation using a microring resonator (MRR) fiber optic system. This system uses a regular laserdiode as input power and can be incorporated with an optical add/drop filter system. When light from the laser diode feedbacks to the fiber ring resonator, the actual chaotic signal is produced by using the appropriate fiber ring resonator parameters and also the laser diode input power. The filtering process of the chaotic signals occurs during the round-trip of the pulse within the ring resonators. The single soliton pulses generation and bandwidth manipulation of the pulse can be performed using the add/drop system. Results obtained have established particular possibilities from the application. The obtained results show the effects of coupling coefficients on the bandwidth of the single soliton pulse, where the chaotic behaviors of the input pulses are presented.
Chaotic soliton can be generated using a nonlinear PANDA system. The research uses microring resonator
(MRR) to generate and trap chaotic signals along fiber optic communication. The parameters such as refractive
indices of a silicon waveguide, coupling coefficients ( ), coupling loss, radius of the ring (R) and the input power can be selected properly to operate the nonlinear behavior. The input Gaussian laser pulses with power of 0.45 W are inserted into the system. The central wavelength of the input power has been selected to λ0=1.55 µm where the nonlinear refractive index of the medium is n2=1.3×10−17 m2 W−1
. The generated chaotic signals with Full at Half
Maximum of 24 pm can be transmitted along the fiber optic with length of 195 km. The trapping of chaotic signals can be obtained at the end of the transmission link. Here signals with 600 fm bandwidth could be trapped within the system.
Quantum Transmission of Optical Tweezers Via Fiber Optic Using Half-Panda Sys...University of Malaya (UM)
: The aim of this study is to generate nano optical tweezers to be connected to an optical transmission link in order to transmit tweezers via an optical fiber. A system of microring resonator (MRR) known as Half-Panda is proposed to generate nano optical tweezers. Optical tweezers can be used to transport molecules in a communication link. The dark soliton propagates inside nonlinear MRR. The input bright soliton is used to control the output signal at the through and drop ports of the system. Throughput nano optical tweezers can be connected to the fiber optic with a length of 100 km, where transmission of tweezers can be performed. The optical receiver will detect the signals of optical tweezers. A transmitter system can be used to transmit the tweezers via wired/wireless link to the users in a short communication link. Here the nano optical tweezers signals with width at half maximum (FWHM) of 33 nm are obtained and transmitted, where the free spectrum range (FSR) of the pulses is 50 nm.
Generation and wired/wireless transmission of IEEE802.16m signal using solito...University of Malaya (UM)
Multi-carrier generation is the main building block for generating WiMax signal. In order to use WiMax signal in radio over fiber applications the use of all
optical generation of RF signals is required. To generate multi carriers optically, the system consisting ofseries of microring resonators (MRRs)
incorporating with an add/drop filter system are used. Thus the high frequency (THz) solitons range of 193.29–193.35 THz at frequencies of 193.333,
193.3355 and 193.3388 THz with the free spectralrange of 2.5 and 5.8 GHz could be performed using MRRs, providing required WiMax signal used in
wired/wireless communication. The generated multi carriers are multiplexed with the single carrier soliton and transmitted through single mode fiber (SMF)
after being beaten to photodiode, a WiMax signal is propagated wirelessly in transmitter antenna base station and is received by the second antenna located
in the receiver.
Transmission of data with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing techniqu...University of Malaya (UM)
Microring resonators (MRRs) can be used to generate optical millimetre-wave solitons with a broadband frequency of
40–60 GHz. Non-linear light behaviours within MRRs, such as chaotic signals, can be used to generate logic codes (digital
codes). The soliton signals can be multiplexed and modulated with the logic codes using an orthogonal frequency division
multiplexing (OFDM) technique to transmit the data via a network system. OFDM uses overlapping subcarriers without
causing inter-carrier interference. It provides both a high data rate and symbol duration using frequency division multiplexing
over multiple subcarriers within one channel. The results show that MRRs support both single-carrier and multi-carrier optical
soliton pulses, which can be used in an OFDM based on whether fast Fourier transform or discrete wavelet transform
transmission/receiver system. Localised ultra-short soliton pulses within frequencies of 50 and 52 GHz can be seen at the
throughput port of the panda system with respect to full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) and free spectrum range of 5 MHz
and 2 GHz, respectively. The soliton pulses with FWHMs of 10 MHz could be generated at the drop port. Therefore,
transmission of data information can be performed via a communication network using soliton pulse carriers and an OFDM
technique.
A system of microring resonator (MRR) conected to an optical panda ring
resonator is presented. The optical soliton pulse of 57-61 GHz frequency band can be
generated and used for aplications in optical communications. The system uses a Gausian
laser pulse propagating within a nonlinear MRRs system. The ultra short single and multi
optical soliton pulses within the range of 57-61 GHz can be generated and sen at he through
and drop ports of the system. This range is aplicable for a short distance optical
communication such as indor systems. The generated optical soliton pulses have the
bandwidth of 5 and 20 MHz.
In this study we explain the optical bistability phenomena in a nonlinear fiber optic ring resonator which consists of a single microring resonator connecting to a single coupler to show the benefit of light propagating within a nonlinear medium. In such a way, nonlinear behaviors of the output signals from a fiber optic ring resonator such as the bistability have been investigated with an iterative method using an input Gaussian beam. Here, we present the dynamic simulation of light travelling in a fiber optic coupled with a Single coupler.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
2. Amiri et al.,2013
Fig. 1: Schematic diagram of a PANDA ring resonator system
The Kerr effect causes the refractive index (n) of the medium to be varied and it is given by [44]
P
A
n
nInnn
eff
2
020 (1)
with n0 and n2 as the linear and nonlinear refractive indexes, respectively [45-47]. I and P are the optical
intensity and the power, respectively [48-50]. Here, n0=3.34 and n2=2.6×10−17
m2
W−1
. The effective mode core
area of the device (Aeff) ranges from 0.50 to 0.10 µm2
[51-53]. Input optical fields of Gaussian pulses are given
by [18]
ti
L
z
EtEtE
D
ii 0021 )
2
(exp)()( , (2)
0E and z are the amplitude of optical field and propagation distance respectively [54-55]. LD is the
dispersion length where, frequency shift of the signal is ω0 [56-58]. The electric field of the right ring of the
PANDA system is given by [59]:
.
)1)(1(1
11
)1(
11
11
2
0
2
0
10
LjkL
LjkL
n
n
e
e
EE
(3)
is the intensity coupling coefficient [60-61], k=2/ is the wave propagation [62-63], is the
fractional coupler intensity loss [64-65], rRL 21 , nmRr 180 is the radius of right ring. The electric field of the
left ring of the PANDA system is given as [66-67]:
22
22
2
33
2
33
330
111
11
)1(
LjkL
LjkL
L
n
n
e
e
EE
, (4)
Here, LRL 22 and nmRL 200 is the radius of left ring. We define the parameters of x1, x2, y1 and y2
as: 2
1
11 )1( x , 2
1
22 )1( x , 2
1
11 )1( y , and 2
1
22 )1( y , thus the interior signals can be expressed by
[68-69],
LjkL
L
L
jk
L
iLi
n
n
eEEyyxx
eEEyxEjx
E
2
002121
24
20212111
1
1
, (5)
24
102
L
jk
L
n
eEEE
,
22
24
10223 i
L
jk
L
EjeEEyxE
n
, (6)
22
24
102
24
024 i
L
jk
LL
jk
L
L EjeEEyeExE
nn
.
(7)
443
3. J. Basic. Appl. Sci. Res., 3(3)442-451, 2013
L=100µm is the circumference of the centered ring resonator. Output electric fields of the PANDA system given
by 1tE and 2tE are expressed as [70-71]:
GDECE
FG
eBEG
AEE ii
L
jk
L
i
it
n
212
24
2
2
11
1
, (8)
GE
Ex
D
EAE
FG
EyxG
E i
L
i
i
t 2
0211
102
21222
2
1
, (9)
where, 21xxA , LEyxxB 01221 , LEExxC 00212
2
1 ,
24
L
jk
L
n
eG
, 2
002121
2
21 )( LEEyyxxD and
LEEyyxxF 002121 .
Therefore, 1tE output signals from the PANDA system is inserted into the add-drop filter device [72-74] with
proper parameters shown in figure 2.
Fig (2): Add/drop filter system
The normalized output powers of the system can be expressed by [75]:
)cos(112)1)(1(1
)1()cos(1121
2
5454
5
2
544
2
1
3
1
3
adn
LL
L
adn
L
t
t
t
t
Lkee
eLke
E
E
I
I
ad
ad
ad
ad
, (10)
)cos(112)1)(1(1
.
2
5454
2
54
2
1
4
1
4
adn
L
L
L
t
t
t
t
Lkee
e
E
E
I
I
ad
ad
ad
. (11)
adad RL 2 and µm130adR is the radius of the add/drop filter system. The nonlinear equations of the output
powers can be simulated in which the multi soliton can be generated. The results of the multi soliton pulses are
obtained by simulating the presented nonlinear equations into MATLAB codes applied for the PANDA and
add/drop filter systems. Therefore the multi soliton pulses are inserted into the coding and decoding system
where the simulated results of the system are obtained using the optical communication system design or
optisystem software. We use the optisystem software to design the fiber optic communications system and the
simulation results are presented, which can enhance the understanding of each component of the fiber optic
communications system, where its function provides guidance in the real experimental design.
444
4. Amiri et al.,2013
3. SIMULATION RESULTS
The coupling coefficients of the PANDA ring resonator are given as 0=0.2, 1=0.35, 2=0.1 and 3=0.95,
where α=0.5 dB mm−1
, γ=0.1 and the input Gaussian beam has a power of 600 mW. Amplification of signals
occurs during the propagation of light inside right and left rings shown in figure 3. Soliton are stable and seen
within the system where the chaotic signals are generated at the through and drop ports of this system.
Fig. 3: Chaotic signal generation using the PANDA ring resonator system
The chaotic signals from the PANDA ring resonator are input into the add/drop filter system. The multi
soliton signals are generated and can be used to produce binary signals while the improvement of the capacity of
the system can be obtained and used for long distance fiber communication. Figure 4 shows generated multi
soliton signals in the form of bright and dark soliton, where the radius of the add/drop filter system has been
selected to 130 µm and 4=5=0.5. Here, the ultra-short dark and bright soliton pulses with FWHM=325 pm are
generated.
Fig. 4: Multi soliton generation using an Add/drop filter system, where (a): multi dark soliton, (b): expanded of
the dark soliton pulses, (c): multi bright soliton, (d): expanded of the bright soliton pulses with FWHM=325 pm.
The potential of soliton bands [76-78] can be generated and used for many applications such as security
transmission [79-81] and coding-decoding telecommunication [82-83]. Moreover, high capacity of data [84-85]
can be performed by using more wavelength carriers, whereas the sensitivity of the microring resonator systems
can be improved by decreasing of the FWHM applicable for laser sensing systems [86-88].The system of coding
and decoding of the transmitting signals is shown in figure 5.
445
5. J. Basic. Appl. Sci. Res., 3(3)442-451, 2013
Fig. 5: System of coding and decoding of binary signals
Thus, generated binary signals from the add/drop filter system can be input into the coding and decoding
system. Therefore, signals in the form of secured codes propagate inside the optical fiber communication and
finally can be received, detected and decoded to original signals by the users. Figure 6 shows the forms of
transmitting signals in the communication system.
Fig. 6: Generation of transmitting signals where (a): Input binary codes, (b): Converted signals to
transmit signals
The results of the transmitted and detected signals can be seen from figure 7 where the figure 7(a)
shows the eye diagram of the detected signals. The decoding of the transmitted signals can be obtained after the
signals were received using suitable optical receiver thus detection and decoding process can be performed via
the coding and decoding system. The original signals can be recovered shown in figure 7(b).
446
6. Amiri et al.,2013
Fig. 7: Received and detected signals where (a): eye diagram, (b): decoded and
recovered signals over 70 km fiber optics
Thus, localized wavelength can be used to generate variable codes. In this concept, we assume that the
decoding of the transmitted signals can be performed by using the proposed arrangement. Optical codes via
localized multi soliton can be connected into a fiber network communication system, therefore transmission of
data along fiber optic is performed. The security scheme of the transmission can be obtained by coding and
decoding of the optical soliton pulses.
4.0 CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the PANDA is presented as optical chaos. The Gaussian beams with center wavelength of
1.55 µm, are inserted into the PANDA system which are good to generate a high capacity of chaotic signals.
Traveling of light inside the proposed ring system is analyzed using suitable parameters of the system.
Transmission of signals can be implemented via a coding and decoding method where the coded signals of
binary form can be converted to secure codes to be transmitted along long distance fiber optics. Here the binary
signals of bright soliton pulses with FHWM=325 pm generated from the add/drop filter system are multiplexed
with binary codes generating secured codes where the decoding of signals can be obtained at the end of the
transmission link. Here the length of the transmission link has been selected for 70 km where the original signals
could be retrieved.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I. S. Amiri would like to thank the Institute of Advanced Photonics Science, Nanotechnology Research
Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM).
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31. Afroozeh, A., M. Bahadoran, I.S. Amiri, A.R. Samavati, J. Ali, and P.P. Yupapin. Fast Light
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32. Panov, A.V. Effect of defocusing thermal nonlinearity on Gaussian beam profile in Fabry–Perot cavity.
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33. Biswas, S. and S. Mukhopadhyay. An all optical scheme of secured cryptographic communication
encoded with decimal data. Optik-International Journal for Light and Electron Optics, 2012.
34. Amiri, I.S., M. Nikmaram, A. Shahidinejad, and J. Ali. Cryptography Scheme of an Optical Switching
System Using Pico/Femto Second Soliton Pulse. International Journal of Advances in Engineering &
Technology (IJAET), 2012. 5(1): p. 176-184.
35. Amiri, I.S., A. Shahidinejad, A. Nikoukar, M. Ranjbar, J. Ali, and P.P. Yupapin. Digital Binary Codes
Transmission via TDMA Networks Communication System Using Dark and Bright Optical Soliton.
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36. Teeka, C., S. Songmuang, R. Jomtarak, P. Yupapin, M. Jalil, I.S. Amiri, and J. Ali. ASK‐to‐PSK
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38. Amiri, I.S., G. Vahedi, A. Shojaei, A. Nikoukar, J. Ali, and P.P. Yupapin. Secured Transportation of
Quantum Codes Using Integrated PANDA-Add/drop and TDMA Systems. International Journal of
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39. Robinson, S. and R. Nakkeeran. Photonic crystal ring resonator based add-drop filter using hexagonal
rods for CWDM systems. Optoelectronics Letters, 2011. 7(3): p. 164-166.
40. Choi, Y.K., K. Hosoya, C.G. Lee, M. Hanawa, and C.S. Park. A hybrid WDM/OCDMA ring with a
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41. Afroozeh, A., M. Bahadoran, I.S. Amiri, A.R. Samavati, J. Ali, and P.P. Yupapin, Fast Light
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42. Nikoukar, A., I.S. Amiri, A. Shahidinejad, A. Shojaei, J. Ali, and P. Yupapin. MRR quantum dense
coding for optical wireless communication system using decimal convertor. in Computer and
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43. Ali, J., A. Afroozeh, I. Amiri, M. Jalil, and P. Yupapin, Wide and narrow signal generation using
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44. Amiri, I.S., A. Shahidinejad, A. Nikoukar, J. Ali, and P. Yupapin. A Study oF Dynamic Optical
Tweezers Generation For Communication Networks. International Journal of Advances in Engineering
& Technology (IJAET), 2012. 4(2): p. 38-45
45. Jalil, M.A., I.S. Amiri, M. Kouhnavard, A. Afroozeh, J. Ali, and P.P. Yupapin, Finesse Improvements
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Trapping by Integrated Ring Resonators For Secured Network and Communication Systems.
International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), 2012. 1(5).
47. Amiri, I.S., A. Afroozeh, M. Bahadoran, J. Ali, and P. Yupapin. Molecular Transporter System For
Qubits Generation. Jurnal Teknologi, 2012. 55: p. 155–165.
48. Ali, J., M. Jalil, I. Amiri, A. Afroozeh, M. Kouhnavard, I. Naim, and P. Yupapin, Multi-wavelength
narrow pulse generation using MRR, in ICAMN, International Conference. 2010: Prince Hotel, Kuala
Lumpur
49. Kouhnavard, M., I.S. Amiri, M. Jalil, A. Afroozeh, J. Ali, and P.P. Yupapin. QKD via a quantum
wavelength router using spatial soliton. in Enabling Science and Nanotechnology (ESciNano)
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50. Ali, J., M. Kouhnavard, M.A. Jalil, and I.S. Amiri, Quantum signal processing via an optical potential
well, in Nanotech Malaysia, International Conference on Enabling Science & Technology. 2010: Kuala
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51. Youplao, P., N. Pornsuwancharoen, S. Mitatha, and P. Yupapin. New WDM bands using a Gaussian
pulse within a nano-waveguide. Optik-International Journal for Light and Electron Optics, 2011.
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52. Nikoukar, A., I.S. Amiri, and J. Ali, Secured Binary Codes Generation for Computer Network
Communication, in Network Technologies & Communications (NTC) Conference. 2010-2011:
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53. Amiri, I.S., M.A. Jalil, F.K. Mohamad, N.J. Ridha, J. Ali, and P.P. Yupapin, Storage of
Atom/Molecules/Photon using Optical Potential Wells, in The International Conference on
Experimental Mechanics (ICEM). 2010: Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
54. Amiri, I.S., K. Raman, A. Afroozeh, M. Jalil, I. Nawi, J. Ali, and P. Yupapin. Generation of DSA for
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55. Tanaram, C., C. Teeka, R. Jomtarak, P. Yupapin, M. Jalil, I.S. Amiri, and J. Ali. ASK-to-PSK
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56. Amiri, I.S., J. Ali, and P. Yupapin. Enhancement of FSR and Finesse Using Add/Drop Filter and
PANDA Ring Resonator Systems. International Journal of Modern Physics B, 2012. 26(04).
57. Ali, J., I. Amiri, A. Jalil, A. Kouhnavard, B. Mitatha, and P. Yupapin, Quantum internet via a quantum
processor, in International Conference on Photonics (ICP 2010). 2010: Langkawi, Malaysia
58. Ali, J., M. Aziz, I. Amiri, M. Jalil, A. Afroozeh, I. Nawi, and P. Yupapin, Soliton wavelength division
in MRR and NRR Systems, in AMN-APLOC International Conference 2010: Wuhan, China
59. Amiri, I.S., A. Nikoukar, J. Ali, and P. Yupapin. Ultra-Short of Pico and Femtosecond Soliton Laser
Pulse Using Microring Resonator for Cancer Cells Treatment. Quantum Matter, 2012. 1(2): p. 159-165.
60. Ali, J., S. Saktioto, M. Hamdi, and I.S. Amiri, Dynamic silicon dioxide fiber coupling polarized by
voltage breakdown, in Nanotech Malaysia, International Conference on Enabling Science &
Technology 2010: KLCC, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
61. Amiri, I.S., G. Vahedi, A. Nikoukar, A. Shojaei, J. Ali, and P. Yupapin. Decimal Convertor
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62. Afroozeh, A., I.S. Amiri, J. Ali, and P. Yupapin. Determination Of FWHM For Soliton Trapping.
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63. Afroozeh, A., M. Kouhnavard, I.S. Amiri, M.A. Jalil, J. Ali, and P.P. Yupapin, Effect of Center
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64. Amiri, I.S., A. Nikoukar, A. Shahidinejad, J. Ali, and P. Yupapin. Generation of discrete frequency and
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65. Afroozeh, A., I.S. Amiri, M. Kouhnavard, M. Bahadoran, M.A. Jalil, J. Ali, and P.P. Yupapin, Optical
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(ICEM) 2010: Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
66. Amiri, I.S., A. Nikoukar, A. Shahidinejad, M. Ranjbar, J. Ali, and P.P. Yupapin. Generation of
Quantum Photon Information Using Extremely Narrow Optical Tweezers for Computer Network
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67. Ali, J., I.S. Amiri, M.A. Jalil, M. Hamdi, F.K. Mohamad, N.J. Ridha, and P.P. Yupapin, Proposed
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69. Afroozeh, A., I.S. Amiri, A. Samavati, J. Ali, and P. Yupapin. THz frequency generation using MRRs
for THz imaging. in Enabling Science and Nanotechnology (ESciNano) Conference 2012. Malaysia:
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70. Suwanpayak, N., S. Songmuang, M. Jalil, I.S. Amiri, I. Naim, J. Ali, and P. Yupapin. Tunable and
storage potential wells using microring resonator system for bio-cell trapping and delivery. in Enabling
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71. Ali, J., M.A. Jalil, I.S. Amiri, A. Afroozeh, M. Kouhnavard, and P.P. Yupapin, Generation of tunable
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72. Amiri, I.S., S. Babakhani, G. Vahedi, J. Ali, and P. Yupapin. Dark-Bright Solitons Conversion System
for Secured and Long Distance Optical Communication. IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP)
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73. Jalil, M.A., I.S. Amiri, J. Ali, and P.P. Yupapin, Fast and slow lights via an add/drop device, in The
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74. Amiri, I., M. Khanmirzaei, M. Kouhnavard, and S. Mitatha. Quantum cryptography via a wavelength
router for internet security. in PIERS PROCEEDING 2010 Cambridge. 2010.
75. Jalil, M.A., I.S. Amiri, J. Ali, and P.P. Yupapin, Dark-Bright Solitons Conversion System via an
Add/Drop Filter for Signal Security Application, in The International Conference on Experimental
Mechanics (ICEM). 2010: Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
76. Amiri, I.S., A. Afroozeh, I. Nawi, M. Jalil, A. Mohamad, J. Ali, and P. Yupapin. Dark Soliton Array
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77. Ali, J., A. Mohamad, I. Nawi, I. Amiri, M. Jalil, A. Afroozeh, and P. Yupapin, Stopping a dark soliton
pulse within an NNRR, in AMN-APLOC International Conference. 2010: Wuhan, China
78. Ali, J., I.S. Amiri, M.A. Jalil, M. Hamdi, F.K. Mohamad, N.J. Ridha, and P.P. Yupapin, Trapping
spatial and temporal soliton system for entangled photon encoding, in Nanotech Malaysia, International
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79. Ali, J., M. Kouhnavard, I.S. Amiri, M.A. Jalil, A. Afroozeh, and P.P. Yupapin Security confirmation
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80. Shojaei, A.A. and I.S. Amiri, DSA for Secured Optical Communication, in The International
Conference for Nanomaterials Synthesis and Characterization (INSC) Conference. 2011: Kuala
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81. Amiri, I.S., A. Afroozeh, M. Bahadoran, J. Ali, and P.P. Yupapin, Up and Down Link of Soliton for
Network Communication, in National Science Postgraduate Conference, NSPC. 2011: Malaysia.
82. Amiri, I.S., A. Afroozeh, J. Ali, and P. Yupapin. Generation Of Quantum Codes Using Up And Down
Link Optical Solition. Jurnal Teknologi, 2012. 55: p. 97–106.
83. Gifany, D., I.S. Amiri, M. Ranjbar, and J. Ali. LOGIC CODES GENERATION AND
TRANSMISSION USING AN ENCODING-DECODING SYSTEM. International Journal of
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84. Ali, J., A. Afroozeh, I.S. Amiri, M. Hamdi, M. Jalil, M. Kouhnavard, and P. Yupapin, Entangled
photon generation and recovery via MRR, in ICAMN, International Conference, . 2010: Prince Hotel,
Kuala Lumpur
85. Amiri, I.S., M.H. Khanmirzaei, M. Kouhnavard, P.P. Yupapin, and J. Ali, Quantum Entanglement
using Multi Dark Soliton Correlation for Multivariable Quantum Router. Quantum Entanglement ed.
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86. Amiri, I.S., M.A. Jalil, A. Afroozeh, M. Kouhnavard , J. Ali, and P.P. Yupapin, Controlling Center
Wavelength and Free Spectrum Range by MRR Radii, in Faculty of Science Postgraduate Conference
(FSPGC). 2010: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
87. Ali, J., H. Nur, S. Lee, A. Afroozeh, I. Amiri, M. Jalil, A. Mohamad, and P. Yupapin, Short and
millimeter optical soliton generation using dark and bright soliton, in AMN-APLOC International
Conference. 2010: Wuhan, China.
88. Ali, J., I. Amiri, M. Jalil, M. Kouhnavard, A. Afroozeh, I. Naim, and P. Yupapin, Narrow UV pulse
generation using MRR and NRR system, in ICAMN, International Conference. 2010: Prince Hotel,
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