The document presents a methodology for developing UML models from a user interface prototype. The methodology involves identifying user interface elements from the prototype, developing a flow diagram of the elements, creating an activity model, and developing a use case model. The methodology is demonstrated through a case study of developing UML models for the login page of the Amazon.com website. Key steps include identifying UI elements like workspaces and functions, creating a flow diagram to show the main and exception flows, developing an activity model of the login process, and specifying a use case for login and authentication.
Model-Driven Architecture for Cloud Applications Development, A survey Editor IJCATR
Model Driven Architecture and Cloud computing are among the most important paradigms in software service engineering now a days. As cloud computing continues to gain more activities, more issues and challenges for many systems with its dynamic usage are introduced. Model Driven Architecture (MDA) approach for development and maintenance becomes an evident choice for ensuring software solutions that are robust, flexible and agile for developing applications.
This paper aims to survey and analyze the research issues and challenges that have been emerging in cloud computing applications with a focus on using Model Driven architecture (MDA) development. We discuss the open research issues and highlight future research problems.
Availability Assessment of Software Systems Architecture Using Formal ModelsEditor IJCATR
There has been a significant effort to analyze, design and implement the information systems to process the information and data, and solve various problems. On the one hand, complexity of the contemporary systems, and eye-catching increase in the variety and volume of information has led to great number of the components and elements, and more complex structure and organization of the information systems. On the other hand, it is necessary to develop the systems which meet all of the stakeholders' functional and non-functional requirements. Considering the fact that evaluation and assessment of the aforementioned requirements - prior to the design and implementation phases - will consume less time and reduce costs, the best time to measure the evaluable behavior of the system is when its software architecture is provided. One of the ways to evaluate the architecture of software is creation of an executable model of architecture.
The present research used availability assessment and took repair, maintenance and accident time parameters into consideration. Failures of software and hardware components have been considered in the architecture of software systems. To describe the architecture easily, the authors used Unified Modeling Language (UML). However, due to the informality of UML, they utilized Colored Petri Nets (CPN) for assessment too. Eventually, the researchers evaluated a CPN-based executable model of architecture through CPN-Tools.
Application Of UML In Real-Time Embedded Systemsijseajournal
The UML was designed as a graphical notation for use with object-oriented systems and applications.
Because of its popularity, now it is emerging in the field of embedded systems design as a modeling
language. The UML notation is useful in capturing the requirements, documenting the structure,
decomposing into objects and defining relationships between objects. It is a notational language that is
very useful in modelling the real-time embedded systems. This paper presents the requirements and
analysis modelling of a real-time embedded system related to a control system application for platform
stabilization using COMET method of design with UML notation. These applications involve designing of
electromechanical systems that are controlled by multi-processors.
an analysis and new methodology for reverse engineering of uml behavioralINFOGAIN PUBLICATION
The emergence of Unified Modeling Language (UML) as a standard for modeling systems has encouraged the use of automated software tools that facilitate the development process from analysis through coding. Reverse Engineering has become a viable method to measure an existing system and reconstruct the necessary model from its original. The Reverse Engineering of behavioral models consists in extracting high-level models that help understand the behavior of existing software systems. In this paper we present an ongoing work on extracting UML diagrams from object-oriented programming languages. we propose an approach for the reverse engineering of UML behavior from the analysis of execution traces produced dynamically by an object-oriented application using formal and semi-formal techniques for modeling the dynamic behavior of a system. Our methods show that this approach can produce UML behavioral diagrams in reasonable time and suggest that these diagrams are helpful in understanding the behavior of the underlying application.
Development of Mobile Cloud Applications using UML IJECEIAES
With the proliferation of cloud computing technologies, smartphone users are able to use a variety of cloud computing-based mobile services such as games, education, entertainment, and social networking. Despite the popularity of such a mobile cloud computing, the complicated multi-tier system configuration of the mobile application must be one of the major impediments to develop mobile cloud applications. This paper presents development processes and procedures for developing mobile cloud applications by effectively applying Unified Modeling Language (UML), a representative object-oriented modeling language. The paper is intended to enhance the development productivity of the mobile cloud application and to improve the effectiveness of communication between software developers. In addition, we used the Android mobile platform and Amazon Web Service for cloud computing in order to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach to systematically apply the UML profiles and diagrams for cloudbased mobile applications.
Cloud computing performance evaluation issues and challenges3ijccsa
Cloud Computing makes the dream of computin
g real as a tool and in the form of service. This internet
-
based ongoing technology which has brought flexibility, capacity and power of processing has realized
service
-
oriented idea and has created a new ecosystem in the computing world with its great p
ower and
benefits. Cloud capabilities have been able to move IT industry one step forward. Nowadays, large and
famous enterprise have resorted to cloud computing and have transferred their processing and storage to
it. Due to popularity and progress of clo
ud in different organizations, cloud performance evaluation is of
special importance and this evaluation can help users make right decisions.
In
this paper
,
we
provide an
overall perspective on cloud evaluation criteria and highlight it with help of simula
tion.
For this purpose,
we present different major factors in cloud computing performance and we analyze and evaluate cloud
performance in various scenarios considering these factors.
Model-Driven Architecture for Cloud Applications Development, A survey Editor IJCATR
Model Driven Architecture and Cloud computing are among the most important paradigms in software service engineering now a days. As cloud computing continues to gain more activities, more issues and challenges for many systems with its dynamic usage are introduced. Model Driven Architecture (MDA) approach for development and maintenance becomes an evident choice for ensuring software solutions that are robust, flexible and agile for developing applications.
This paper aims to survey and analyze the research issues and challenges that have been emerging in cloud computing applications with a focus on using Model Driven architecture (MDA) development. We discuss the open research issues and highlight future research problems.
Availability Assessment of Software Systems Architecture Using Formal ModelsEditor IJCATR
There has been a significant effort to analyze, design and implement the information systems to process the information and data, and solve various problems. On the one hand, complexity of the contemporary systems, and eye-catching increase in the variety and volume of information has led to great number of the components and elements, and more complex structure and organization of the information systems. On the other hand, it is necessary to develop the systems which meet all of the stakeholders' functional and non-functional requirements. Considering the fact that evaluation and assessment of the aforementioned requirements - prior to the design and implementation phases - will consume less time and reduce costs, the best time to measure the evaluable behavior of the system is when its software architecture is provided. One of the ways to evaluate the architecture of software is creation of an executable model of architecture.
The present research used availability assessment and took repair, maintenance and accident time parameters into consideration. Failures of software and hardware components have been considered in the architecture of software systems. To describe the architecture easily, the authors used Unified Modeling Language (UML). However, due to the informality of UML, they utilized Colored Petri Nets (CPN) for assessment too. Eventually, the researchers evaluated a CPN-based executable model of architecture through CPN-Tools.
Application Of UML In Real-Time Embedded Systemsijseajournal
The UML was designed as a graphical notation for use with object-oriented systems and applications.
Because of its popularity, now it is emerging in the field of embedded systems design as a modeling
language. The UML notation is useful in capturing the requirements, documenting the structure,
decomposing into objects and defining relationships between objects. It is a notational language that is
very useful in modelling the real-time embedded systems. This paper presents the requirements and
analysis modelling of a real-time embedded system related to a control system application for platform
stabilization using COMET method of design with UML notation. These applications involve designing of
electromechanical systems that are controlled by multi-processors.
an analysis and new methodology for reverse engineering of uml behavioralINFOGAIN PUBLICATION
The emergence of Unified Modeling Language (UML) as a standard for modeling systems has encouraged the use of automated software tools that facilitate the development process from analysis through coding. Reverse Engineering has become a viable method to measure an existing system and reconstruct the necessary model from its original. The Reverse Engineering of behavioral models consists in extracting high-level models that help understand the behavior of existing software systems. In this paper we present an ongoing work on extracting UML diagrams from object-oriented programming languages. we propose an approach for the reverse engineering of UML behavior from the analysis of execution traces produced dynamically by an object-oriented application using formal and semi-formal techniques for modeling the dynamic behavior of a system. Our methods show that this approach can produce UML behavioral diagrams in reasonable time and suggest that these diagrams are helpful in understanding the behavior of the underlying application.
Development of Mobile Cloud Applications using UML IJECEIAES
With the proliferation of cloud computing technologies, smartphone users are able to use a variety of cloud computing-based mobile services such as games, education, entertainment, and social networking. Despite the popularity of such a mobile cloud computing, the complicated multi-tier system configuration of the mobile application must be one of the major impediments to develop mobile cloud applications. This paper presents development processes and procedures for developing mobile cloud applications by effectively applying Unified Modeling Language (UML), a representative object-oriented modeling language. The paper is intended to enhance the development productivity of the mobile cloud application and to improve the effectiveness of communication between software developers. In addition, we used the Android mobile platform and Amazon Web Service for cloud computing in order to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach to systematically apply the UML profiles and diagrams for cloudbased mobile applications.
Cloud computing performance evaluation issues and challenges3ijccsa
Cloud Computing makes the dream of computin
g real as a tool and in the form of service. This internet
-
based ongoing technology which has brought flexibility, capacity and power of processing has realized
service
-
oriented idea and has created a new ecosystem in the computing world with its great p
ower and
benefits. Cloud capabilities have been able to move IT industry one step forward. Nowadays, large and
famous enterprise have resorted to cloud computing and have transferred their processing and storage to
it. Due to popularity and progress of clo
ud in different organizations, cloud performance evaluation is of
special importance and this evaluation can help users make right decisions.
In
this paper
,
we
provide an
overall perspective on cloud evaluation criteria and highlight it with help of simula
tion.
For this purpose,
we present different major factors in cloud computing performance and we analyze and evaluate cloud
performance in various scenarios considering these factors.
The Application of Function Models In Software Design: A Survey Within the So...CSCJournals
Numerous function modelling approaches exist for software design. However, there is little empirical evidence on how these approaches are used in the early stages of software design. This article presents the results of an online survey on the application of function models in the academic and industrial software development community. The results show that more than 90% of the 75 respondents agreed with the statement that software projects that use function modelling techniques have a higher chance of success than other projects. UML is the most widely accepted and used modelling approach among the respondents, but only a handful of UML diagrams appear to be prominently addressed during the early software design stages. Asked for reasons for selecting or rejecting UML models the majority of respondents mentioned using function models to understand software requirements and communicate these with clients and technical teams, whereas lack of familiarity, the time-consuming nature of some models and data redundancy are widely mentioned reasons for not or seldomly using certain models. The study also shows a strong relationship between model usage and respondents’ professions. We conclude that improvements are required to ensure the benefits of the various available models and the links between the models can be fully exploited to support individual designers, to improve communication and collaboration, and to increase project success. A short discussion on the chosen solution direction - a simplified function modelling approach – closes the paper.
Presenting an Excusable Model of Enterprise Architecture for Evaluation of R...Editor IJCATR
Upon increasing application of unified modeling language diagrams for description of enterprise architecture and
importance of evaluating the non-functional requirements in the enterprise architecture, establishing an executable model of these
diagrams is necessary. On the other side, unified modeling language diagrams have not the capability of evaluating the non-functional
requirements of system directly. The simplicity and characteristics of these diagrams must be reserved and the capability of evaluating
these requirements to be incorporated thereto. To achieve this goal, an executable model of these diagrams to be Created.
In this paper, it is assumed that architecture of a system has been described by two use case and collaboration diagrams of unified
modeling language. The role of these diagrams in evaluation of reliability and annotations related thereto has been examined and
extended by a algorithm to an executable model means colored Petri net. In this study, the procedure of establishing an executable
model that can analyze the reliability of artifacts in C4ISR framework. According to the results obtained from simulation of this model
and their analysis, we could identify the problems in planning phase and improve out artifacts in order to avoid the extreme time and
economic costs of implementation.
Hugtakið hugbúnaðararkítektúr er yfirhlaðið orð og þýðir mismunandi hluti fyrir mismunandi fólk. Við ætlum í þessum fyrirlestri að skilgreina ýmis hugtök tengd arkítektúr til að fá betri skilning á þessu. Við munum einnig skilgreina hvað agile arkítektúr þýðir eða hvað það þýðir ekki. Þá skoðum við monolith arkítektúr sem er hinn hefðbundi arkítektúr sem flestir nota í dag. Vandinn er sá að í dag eru kröfurnar meiri en þessi arkítektúr ræður við og því hafa menn verið að skoða aðrar leiðir eins og lightweight Service Oriented Architecture og hvernig smíða má hugbúnað sem þjónustur eða microapps eða microservice.
Við skoðum einnig lagskiptingu en það er elsta trikkið í bókinni og byggir á deila og drottna aðferðinni.
RESILIENT INTERFACE DESIGN FOR SAFETY-CRITICAL EMBEDDED AUTOMOTIVE SOFTWAREcsandit
The replacement of the former, purely mechanical, functionality with mechatronics-based solutions, the introduction of new propulsion technologies, and the connection of cars to their environment are just a few reasons for the continuously increasing electrical and/or electronic
system (E/E system) complexity in modern passenger cars. Smart methodologies and techniques have been introduced in system development to cope with these new challenges. A topic that is often neglected is the definition of the interface between the hardware and software subsystems.
However, during the development of safety-critical E/E systems, according to the automotive
functional safety standard ISO 26262, an unambiguous definition of the hardware-software interface (HSI) has become vital. This paper presents a domain-specific modelling approach for mechatronic systems with an integrated hardware-software interface definition feature. The
newly developed model-based domain-specific language is tailored to the needs of mechatronic system engineers and supports the system’s architectural design including the interface definition, with a special focus on safety-criticality.
EARLY PERFORMANCE PREDICTION OF WEB SERVICESijwscjournal
Web Service is an interface which implements business logic. Performance is an important quality aspect of Web services because of their distributed nature. Predicting the performance of web services during early stages of software development is significant. In this paper we model web service using Unified
Modeling Language, Use Case Diagram, Sequence Diagram, Deployment Diagram. We obtain the Performance metrics by simulating the web services model using a simulation tool Simulation of Multi-Tier Queuing Architecture. We have identified the bottle neck resources.
EARLY PERFORMANCE PREDICTION OF WEB SERVICESijwscjournal
Web Service is an interface which implements business logic. Performance is an important quality aspect
of Web services because of their distributed nature. Predicting the performance of web services during
early stages of software development is significant. In this paper we model web service using Unified
Modeling Language, Use Case Diagram, Sequence Diagram, Deployment Diagram. We obtain the
Performance metrics by simulating the web services model using a simulation tool Simulation of Multi-Tier
Queuing Architecture. We have identified the bottle neck resources.
Referring Expressions with Rational Speech Act Framework: A Probabilistic App...IJDKP
This paper focuses on a referring expression generation (REG) task in which the aim is to pick
out an object in a complex visual scene. One common theoretical approach to this problem is
to model the task as a two-agent cooperative scheme in which a ‘speaker’ agent would generate
the expression that best describes a targeted area and a ‘listener’ agent would identify the target.
Several recent REG systems have used deep learning approaches to represent the speaker/listener
agents. The Rational Speech Act framework (RSA), a Bayesian approach to pragmatics that can
predict human linguistic behavior quite accurately, has been shown to generate high quality and
explainable expressions on toy datasets involving simple visual scenes. Its application to large scale
problems, however, remains largely unexplored. This paper applies a combination of the probabilistic
RSA framework and deep learning approaches to larger datasets involving complex visual scenes
in a multi-step process with the aim of generating better-explained expressions. We carry out
experiments on the RefCOCO and RefCOCO+ datasets and compare our approach with other endto-end deep learning approaches as well as a variation of RSA to highlight our key contribution.
Experimental results show that while achieving lower accuracy than SOTA deep learning methods,
our approach outperforms similar RSA approach in human comprehension and has an advantage
over end-to-end deep learning under limited data scenario. Lastly, we provide a detailed analysis
on the expression generation process with concrete examples, thus providing a systematic view
on error types and deficiencies in the generation process and identifying possible areas for future
improvements.
EARLY PERFORMANCE PREDICTION OF WEB SERVICESijwscjournal
Web Service is an interface which implements business logic. Performance is an important quality aspect of Web services because of their distributed nature. Predicting the performance of web services during early stages of software development is significant. In this paper we model web service using Unified Modeling Language, Use Case Diagram, Sequence Diagram, Deployment Diagram. We obtain the Performance metrics by simulating the web services model using a simulation tool Simulation of Multi-Tier Queuing Architecture. We have identified the bottle neck resources.
EARLY PERFORMANCE PREDICTION OF WEB SERVICESijwscjournal
Web Service is an interface which implements business logic. Performance is an important quality aspect of Web services because of their distributed nature. Predicting the performance of web services during early stages of software development is significant. In this paper we model web service using Unified Modeling Language, Use Case Diagram, Sequence Diagram, Deployment Diagram. We obtain the Performance metrics by simulating the web services model using a simulation tool Simulation of Multi-Tier Queuing Architecture. We have identified the bottle neck resources.
Model-Driven Architecture for Cloud Applications Development, A surveyEditor IJCATR
Model Driven Architecture and Cloud computing are among the most important paradigms in software service engineering
now a days. As cloud computing continues to gain more activities, more issues and challenges for many systems with its dynamic usage
are introduced. Model Driven Architecture (MDA) approach for development and maintenance becomes an evident choice for ensuring
software solutions that are robust, flexible and agile for developing applications.
This paper aims to survey and analyze the research issues and challenges that have been emerging in cloud computing applications with
a focus on using Model Driven architecture (MDA) development. We discuss the open research issues and highlight future research
problems.
Model-Driven Architecture for Cloud Applications Development, A surveyEditor IJCATR
Model Driven Architecture and Cloud computing are among the most important paradigms in software service engineering
now a days. As cloud computing continues to gain more activities, more issues and challenges for many systems with its dynamic usage
are introduced. Model Driven Architecture (MDA) approach for development and maintenance becomes an evident choice for ensuring
software solutions that are robust, flexible and agile for developing applications.
This paper aims to survey and analyze the research issues and challenges that have been emerging in cloud computing applications with
a focus on using Model Driven architecture (MDA) development. We discuss the open research issues and highlight future research
problems.
The Application of Function Models In Software Design: A Survey Within the So...CSCJournals
Numerous function modelling approaches exist for software design. However, there is little empirical evidence on how these approaches are used in the early stages of software design. This article presents the results of an online survey on the application of function models in the academic and industrial software development community. The results show that more than 90% of the 75 respondents agreed with the statement that software projects that use function modelling techniques have a higher chance of success than other projects. UML is the most widely accepted and used modelling approach among the respondents, but only a handful of UML diagrams appear to be prominently addressed during the early software design stages. Asked for reasons for selecting or rejecting UML models the majority of respondents mentioned using function models to understand software requirements and communicate these with clients and technical teams, whereas lack of familiarity, the time-consuming nature of some models and data redundancy are widely mentioned reasons for not or seldomly using certain models. The study also shows a strong relationship between model usage and respondents’ professions. We conclude that improvements are required to ensure the benefits of the various available models and the links between the models can be fully exploited to support individual designers, to improve communication and collaboration, and to increase project success. A short discussion on the chosen solution direction - a simplified function modelling approach – closes the paper.
Presenting an Excusable Model of Enterprise Architecture for Evaluation of R...Editor IJCATR
Upon increasing application of unified modeling language diagrams for description of enterprise architecture and
importance of evaluating the non-functional requirements in the enterprise architecture, establishing an executable model of these
diagrams is necessary. On the other side, unified modeling language diagrams have not the capability of evaluating the non-functional
requirements of system directly. The simplicity and characteristics of these diagrams must be reserved and the capability of evaluating
these requirements to be incorporated thereto. To achieve this goal, an executable model of these diagrams to be Created.
In this paper, it is assumed that architecture of a system has been described by two use case and collaboration diagrams of unified
modeling language. The role of these diagrams in evaluation of reliability and annotations related thereto has been examined and
extended by a algorithm to an executable model means colored Petri net. In this study, the procedure of establishing an executable
model that can analyze the reliability of artifacts in C4ISR framework. According to the results obtained from simulation of this model
and their analysis, we could identify the problems in planning phase and improve out artifacts in order to avoid the extreme time and
economic costs of implementation.
Hugtakið hugbúnaðararkítektúr er yfirhlaðið orð og þýðir mismunandi hluti fyrir mismunandi fólk. Við ætlum í þessum fyrirlestri að skilgreina ýmis hugtök tengd arkítektúr til að fá betri skilning á þessu. Við munum einnig skilgreina hvað agile arkítektúr þýðir eða hvað það þýðir ekki. Þá skoðum við monolith arkítektúr sem er hinn hefðbundi arkítektúr sem flestir nota í dag. Vandinn er sá að í dag eru kröfurnar meiri en þessi arkítektúr ræður við og því hafa menn verið að skoða aðrar leiðir eins og lightweight Service Oriented Architecture og hvernig smíða má hugbúnað sem þjónustur eða microapps eða microservice.
Við skoðum einnig lagskiptingu en það er elsta trikkið í bókinni og byggir á deila og drottna aðferðinni.
RESILIENT INTERFACE DESIGN FOR SAFETY-CRITICAL EMBEDDED AUTOMOTIVE SOFTWAREcsandit
The replacement of the former, purely mechanical, functionality with mechatronics-based solutions, the introduction of new propulsion technologies, and the connection of cars to their environment are just a few reasons for the continuously increasing electrical and/or electronic
system (E/E system) complexity in modern passenger cars. Smart methodologies and techniques have been introduced in system development to cope with these new challenges. A topic that is often neglected is the definition of the interface between the hardware and software subsystems.
However, during the development of safety-critical E/E systems, according to the automotive
functional safety standard ISO 26262, an unambiguous definition of the hardware-software interface (HSI) has become vital. This paper presents a domain-specific modelling approach for mechatronic systems with an integrated hardware-software interface definition feature. The
newly developed model-based domain-specific language is tailored to the needs of mechatronic system engineers and supports the system’s architectural design including the interface definition, with a special focus on safety-criticality.
EARLY PERFORMANCE PREDICTION OF WEB SERVICESijwscjournal
Web Service is an interface which implements business logic. Performance is an important quality aspect of Web services because of their distributed nature. Predicting the performance of web services during early stages of software development is significant. In this paper we model web service using Unified
Modeling Language, Use Case Diagram, Sequence Diagram, Deployment Diagram. We obtain the Performance metrics by simulating the web services model using a simulation tool Simulation of Multi-Tier Queuing Architecture. We have identified the bottle neck resources.
EARLY PERFORMANCE PREDICTION OF WEB SERVICESijwscjournal
Web Service is an interface which implements business logic. Performance is an important quality aspect
of Web services because of their distributed nature. Predicting the performance of web services during
early stages of software development is significant. In this paper we model web service using Unified
Modeling Language, Use Case Diagram, Sequence Diagram, Deployment Diagram. We obtain the
Performance metrics by simulating the web services model using a simulation tool Simulation of Multi-Tier
Queuing Architecture. We have identified the bottle neck resources.
Referring Expressions with Rational Speech Act Framework: A Probabilistic App...IJDKP
This paper focuses on a referring expression generation (REG) task in which the aim is to pick
out an object in a complex visual scene. One common theoretical approach to this problem is
to model the task as a two-agent cooperative scheme in which a ‘speaker’ agent would generate
the expression that best describes a targeted area and a ‘listener’ agent would identify the target.
Several recent REG systems have used deep learning approaches to represent the speaker/listener
agents. The Rational Speech Act framework (RSA), a Bayesian approach to pragmatics that can
predict human linguistic behavior quite accurately, has been shown to generate high quality and
explainable expressions on toy datasets involving simple visual scenes. Its application to large scale
problems, however, remains largely unexplored. This paper applies a combination of the probabilistic
RSA framework and deep learning approaches to larger datasets involving complex visual scenes
in a multi-step process with the aim of generating better-explained expressions. We carry out
experiments on the RefCOCO and RefCOCO+ datasets and compare our approach with other endto-end deep learning approaches as well as a variation of RSA to highlight our key contribution.
Experimental results show that while achieving lower accuracy than SOTA deep learning methods,
our approach outperforms similar RSA approach in human comprehension and has an advantage
over end-to-end deep learning under limited data scenario. Lastly, we provide a detailed analysis
on the expression generation process with concrete examples, thus providing a systematic view
on error types and deficiencies in the generation process and identifying possible areas for future
improvements.
EARLY PERFORMANCE PREDICTION OF WEB SERVICESijwscjournal
Web Service is an interface which implements business logic. Performance is an important quality aspect of Web services because of their distributed nature. Predicting the performance of web services during early stages of software development is significant. In this paper we model web service using Unified Modeling Language, Use Case Diagram, Sequence Diagram, Deployment Diagram. We obtain the Performance metrics by simulating the web services model using a simulation tool Simulation of Multi-Tier Queuing Architecture. We have identified the bottle neck resources.
EARLY PERFORMANCE PREDICTION OF WEB SERVICESijwscjournal
Web Service is an interface which implements business logic. Performance is an important quality aspect of Web services because of their distributed nature. Predicting the performance of web services during early stages of software development is significant. In this paper we model web service using Unified Modeling Language, Use Case Diagram, Sequence Diagram, Deployment Diagram. We obtain the Performance metrics by simulating the web services model using a simulation tool Simulation of Multi-Tier Queuing Architecture. We have identified the bottle neck resources.
Model-Driven Architecture for Cloud Applications Development, A surveyEditor IJCATR
Model Driven Architecture and Cloud computing are among the most important paradigms in software service engineering
now a days. As cloud computing continues to gain more activities, more issues and challenges for many systems with its dynamic usage
are introduced. Model Driven Architecture (MDA) approach for development and maintenance becomes an evident choice for ensuring
software solutions that are robust, flexible and agile for developing applications.
This paper aims to survey and analyze the research issues and challenges that have been emerging in cloud computing applications with
a focus on using Model Driven architecture (MDA) development. We discuss the open research issues and highlight future research
problems.
Model-Driven Architecture for Cloud Applications Development, A surveyEditor IJCATR
Model Driven Architecture and Cloud computing are among the most important paradigms in software service engineering
now a days. As cloud computing continues to gain more activities, more issues and challenges for many systems with its dynamic usage
are introduced. Model Driven Architecture (MDA) approach for development and maintenance becomes an evident choice for ensuring
software solutions that are robust, flexible and agile for developing applications.
This paper aims to survey and analyze the research issues and challenges that have been emerging in cloud computing applications with
a focus on using Model Driven architecture (MDA) development. We discuss the open research issues and highlight future research
problems.
Evolution of Modelling Techniques for Service Oriented ArchitectureIJERA Editor
Service-oriented architecture (SOA) is a software design and architecture design pattern based on independent pieces of software providing functionality as services to other applications. The benefit of SOA in the IT infrastructure is to allow parallel use and data exchange between programs which are services to the enterprise. Unified Modelling Language (UML) is a standardized general-purpose modelling language in the field of software engineering. The UML includes a set of graphic notation techniques to create visual models of object-oriented software systems. We want to make UML available for SOA as well. SoaML (Service oriented architecture Modelling Language) is an open source specification project from the Object Management Group (OMG), describing a UML profile and meta-model for the modelling and design of services within a service-oriented architecture. BPMN was also extended for SOA but there were few pitfalls. There is a need of a modelling framework which dedicated to SOA. Michael Bell authored a framework called Service Oriented Modelling Framework (SOMF) which is dedicated for SOA.
Finite State Machine Based Evaluation Model For Web Service Reliability Analysisdannyijwest
Today’s world economy demands that both market access and customer service be available anytime and
anywhere. The Web is the only way to supply global economic needs and, due to expand the development of
comprehensive web service, it does so relatively inexpensively. The ability of web service is to provide a
relatively inexpensive way to deploy customer services. As days goes on the business logic of a system
emerges out at a great extent where it has to react to several different competitors under different
situations. Through means of a business logic system we can able to achieve faster communication of
information, rampant change and increasing business complexity
Testing and verification of software model through formal semantics a systema...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
WEB PORTAL INTEGRATION ARCHITECTURE APPROACHESijwscjournal
Enterprise Modelling with Web portal integration architecture requires investment of advanced architectural thinking into definition of services before any development of services or service consumers can begin. Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) is gradually replacing monolithic architecture as the premier design principle for new business applications with its inherently systematic nature and capability. Earlier efforts of notable styles of SOA such as CORBA and XATMI have failed to be adopted as main stream projects because of demanding design process requirement with sense-making activities and even have been residing with the modern SOA or Web services middleware. In this paper it is aimed to incorporate sensemaking design activities with the proposed semantic web service based architecture. This paper tries to tackle the above problem by proposing a service-oriented architecture for web data and service integration. A gen-Spec architectural pattern has been suggested and adopted in order to tackle the problem. Firstly, it proposes a service-oriented platform independent architecture and Secondly, it presents a specific deployment of such architecture for data and service integration on the web using semantic web services implemented with the WSMO (Web Services Modeling Ontology).
WEB PORTAL INTEGRATION ARCHITECTURE APPROACHESijwscjournal
Enterprise Modelling with Web portal integration architecture requires investment of advanced architectural thinking into definition of services before any development of services or service consumers can begin. Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) is gradually replacing monolithic architecture as the premier design principle for new business applications with its inherently systematic nature and capability. Earlier efforts of notable styles of SOA such as CORBA and XATMI have failed to be adopted as main stream projects because of demanding design process requirement with sense-making activities and even have been residing with the modern SOA or Web services middleware. In this paper it is aimed to incorporate sensemaking design activities with the proposed semantic web service based architecture. This paper tries to tackle the above problem by proposing a service-oriented architecture for web data and service integration. A gen-Spec architectural pattern has been suggested and adopted in order to tackle the problem.
Firstly, it proposes a service-oriented platform independent architecture and Secondly, it presents a specific deployment of such architecture for data and service integration on the web using semantic web services implemented with the WSMO (Web Services Modeling Ontology).
Performance Evaluation using Blackboard Technique in Software ArchitectureEditor IJCATR
Validation of software systems is very useful at the primary stages of their development cycle. Evaluation of functional
requirements is supported by clear and appropriate approaches, but there is no similar strategy for evaluation of non-functional
requirements (such as performance). Whereas establishing the non-functional requirements have significant effect on success of
software systems, therefore considerable necessities are needed for evaluation of non-functional requirements. Also, if the software
performance has been specified based on performance models, may be evaluated at the primary stages of software development cycle.
Therefore, modeling and evaluation of non-functional requirements in software architecture level, that are designed at the primary
stages of software systems development cycle and prior to implementation, will be very effective.
We propose an approach for evaluate the performance of software systems, based on black board technique in software architecture
level. In this approach, at first, software architecture using blackboard technique is described by UML use case, activity and
component diagrams. then UML model is transformed to an executable model based on timed colored petri nets(TCPN)
Consequently, upon execution of an executive model and analysis of its results, non-functional requirements including performance
(such as response time) may be evaluated in software architecture level.
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IMPLEMENTATION OF DYNAMIC COUPLING MEASUREMENT OF DISTRIBUTED OBJECT ORIENTED...IJCSEA Journal
Software metrics are increasingly playing a central role in the planning and control of software development projects. Coupling measures have important applications in software development and maintenance. Existing literature on software metrics is mainly focused on centralized systems, while work in the area of distributed systems, particularly in service-oriented systems, is scarce. Distributed systems with service oriented components are even more heterogeneous networking and execution environment. Traditional coupling measures take into account only “static” couplings. They do not account for “dynamic” couplings due to polymorphism and may significantly underestimate the complexity of software and misjudge the need for code inspection, testing and debugging. This is expected to result in poor predictive accuracy of the quality models in distributed Object Oriented systems that utilize static coupling measurements. In order to overcome these issues, we propose a hybrid model in Distributed Object Oriented Software for measure the coupling dynamically. In the proposed method, there are three steps
such as Instrumentation process, Post processing and Coupling measurement. Initially the instrumentation process is done. In this process the instrumented JVM that has been modified to trace method calls. During this process, three trace files are created namely .prf, .clp, .svp. In the second step, the information in these file are merged. At the end of this step, the merged detailed trace of each JVM contains pointers to the merged trace files of the other JVM such that the path of every remote call from the client to the server can be uniquely identified. Finally, the coupling metrics are measured dynamically. The implementation results show that the proposed system will effectively measure the coupling metrics dynamically.
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It is a well established fact that the Web-Applications require frequent maintenance because of cutting– edge business competitions. The authors have worked on quality evaluation of web-site of Indian ecommerce domain. As a result of that work they have made a quality-wise ranking of these sites. According to their work and also the survey done by various other groups Futurebazaar web-site is considered to be one of the best Indian e-shopping sites. In this research paper the authors are assessing the maintenance of the same site by incorporating the problems incurred during this evaluation. This exercise gives a real world maintainability problem of web-sites. This work will give a clear picture of all the quality metrics which are directly or indirectly related with the maintainability of the web-site.
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About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
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• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
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Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
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A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
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Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...
General Methodology for developing UML models from UI
1. International Journal on Web Service Computing (IJWSC), Vol.2, No.4, December 2011
DOI : 10.5121/ijwsc.2011.2401 1
General Methodology for developing UML
models from UI
Ch Ram Mohan Reddy1
, D Evangelin Geetha2
, KG Srinivasa2
,
T V Suresh Kumar2
, K Rajani Kanth2
1
B M S College of Engineering, Bangalore - 19, India
2
M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore - 54, India
crams19@yahoo.com, degeetha@msrit.edu, kgsrinivas78@yahoo.com,
tvsureshkumar@msrit.edu, rajanikanth@msrit.edu
Abstract
In recent past every discipline and every industry have their own methods of developing products. It may
be software development, mechanics, construction, psychology and so on. These demarcations work fine
as long as the requirements are within one discipline. However, if the project extends over several
disciplines, interfaces have to be created and coordinated between the methods of these disciplines.
Performance is an important quality aspect of Web Services because of their distributed nature.
Predicting the performance of web services during early stages of software development is significant. In
Industry, Prototype of these applications is developed during analysis phase of Software Development Life
Cycle (SDLC). However, Performance models are generated from UML models. Methodologies for
predicting the performance from UML models is available. Hence, In this paper, a methodology for
developing Use Case model and Activity model from User Interface is presented. The methodology is
illustrated with a case study on Amazon.com.
1 Introduction
System engineering concentrates on the definition and documentation of system requirements in
the early development phase. The preparation of a system design, and the verification of the
system as to compliance with the requirements, taking the overall problem into account:
operation, time, test, creation, cost and planning, training and support, and disposal [21].
Systems engineering integrates all disciplines and describes a structured development process,
from the concept to the production to the operation phase and finally to putting the system out of
operation. It looks at both technical and economic aspects to develop a system that meets the
users’ needs. Hence a new combination of technologies is required to cop up with the new
demand.
1.1 Graphical User Interface.
Over some period graphical user interface have become increasingly dominant, and design of the
external or visible system has assumed increasing importance. This has resulted in more
attention being devoted to usability aspects of interactive system and a need for development of
tools to support the design of the external system. Model and notations are required for
describing user tasks and for mapping these tasks on to user interface.
2. International Journal on Web Service Computing (IJWSC), Vol.2, No.4, December 2011
2
The primary purpose of task models is to define the activities of the user in relation to the
system, as a means of uncovering functional requirements to be supported by the system. Task
model focuses on tasks decomposing and/or task flow. A variety of task description methods
have been developed, often involving graphical techniques.
Activity diagram, as supported in UML, falls into the latter category. The user of task models in
interface design is limited by a lack of tools and techniques to support their definition and weak
linkage to visual interface design.
1.1 Importance of UML 2.0
In recent past, many researches and software industry use Unified Modeling Language (UML)
for the conceptual and logical modeling of any system because of the advantages it has. UML
supports both static and dynamic modeling. UML 2.0 is the newer version, which has more
features that can be useful for modeling complex systems also [4],[17].
The standard mechanism that UML provides are adaptable itself to a specific method or model,
such as constraints and tagged values. we use UML to design RMA processes because it
consider an information systems structural and dynamic properties at the conceptual level more
naturally than do classic approaches such as Entity- Relationship model. This approach for
modeling RMA processes yields simple yet powerful extended UML use case and sequence
diagrams that represent RMA properties at the conceptual level.
There are three classifications of UML diagram.
Behavior diagram. A type of diagram that depicts behavioral features of a system or business
process. This includes activity, state machine, and use case diagrams as well as the four
interaction diagrams.
Interaction diagrams. A subject of behavior diagrams which emphasize object interactions. This
includes communication, interaction overview, sequence, and timing diagrams.
Structure diagrams. A type of diagram that depicts the elements of specification that is
irrespective of time. This includes class, composite structure, and component, deployment object
and package diagrams.
1.1 Web Services
The emergence of Web services introduces a new paradigm for enabling the exchange of
information across the Internet based on open Internet standards and technologies. Using
industry standards, Web services encapsulate applications and publish them as services. These
services deliver XML-based data on the wire and expose it for use on the Internet, which can be
dynamically located, subscribed, and accessed using a wide range of computing platforms,
handheld devices, appliances, and so on.
Since early 2006, Amazon Web Services (AWS) has provided companies of all sizes with an
infrastructure web services platform in the cloud. With AWS compute power, storage, and other
services such as gaining access to a suite of elastic IT infrastructure services can be requested.
Using Amazon Web Services, an e-commerce web site can weather unforeseen demand with
ease; a pharmaceutical company can “rent” computing power to execute large-scale simulations;
a media company can serve unlimited videos, music, and more; and an enterprise can deploy
bandwidth-consuming services and training to its mobile workforce [23]. Amazon Web Services
delivers a number of benefits for IT organizations and developers alike, including:
3. International Journal on Web Service Computing (IJWSC), Vol.2, No.4, December 2011
3
• Cost-effective. The uses of AWS have to pay only for what they use, as they use
it, with no up-front commitments. As the Amazon Web Services cloud grows, the
operations, management and hardware costs shrink.
• Dependable. AWS is a battle-tested; web-scale infrastructure that handles
whatever that has been throwing at it. The Amazon Web Services cloud is distributed,
secure and resilient, giving reliability and massive scale.
• Flexible. AWS provides flexibility to build any application, using any platform
or any programming model. The resources can be controlled and fit into your
application.
• Comprehensive. Amazon Web Services gives you a number of services that can
incorporate into your applications. From databases to payments, these services help to
build any great applications cost effectively and with less up-front investment.
1.1 Transformation of UML models into Performance models
Critical aspects of the quality of a software system are its performance. There are many software
engineering methodologies focus on the functionality of the system, while applying a “fix-it-
later” principle to software performance aspects. The system is designed to meet its functional
requirements, by giving less priority to the performance at the later development stages. This
result, lengthy expensive extra hardware, or even redesigns are necessary for the system to meet
the performance requirements. Even with the fine-tuning, there is no guarantee that the system
performance will be appropriate. Several modeling formalisms have been designed to allow
system designers to model the system performance, e.g., queueing networks [6], [14] and Petri
Nets [15 ]& [22].
UML model to incorporate the performance related quality of service (QoS) information to
allow modeling and evaluating the properties of a system like throughput, utilization, mean
response time. So the UML models are annotated according to the Profile for Schedulability,
Performance, and Time (SPT) [16] to include quantitative system parameters in the model.
Markov models, queuing networks, stochastic process algebras and stochastic petrinet are
probably the best studied performance modeling techniques [10]. Markov model is well-
developed numerical modeling analysis techniques; it has the ability to preserve the original
architecture of the system.
Keeping in view of the above discussion we propose a methodology to transform prototype of
User Interface (UI) to UML models. The remaining part of the paper is organized as follows: In
Section 2, related work is presented; Section 3 describes the steps involved in the proposed
Methodology; The Methodology is illustrated with the Case Study on Amazon.com in Section4.
In Section 5, the paper is concluded and the future directions of the work are highlighted.
1 Related Work
The evaluation of system specifications early in the software development lifecycle has
increasingly gained attention from the software engineering community. Early evaluation of
software properties, including non-functional ones, is the important in order to reduce costs in
software development before resources have been allocated and decisions have been made.
Dependability is one example of an important non-functional property and represents the ability
to deliver service that justifiably can be trusted. Discovery of Web Services is of an immense
interest and is fundamental area of research in ubiquitous computing. Web Services are Internet-
based, distributed modular applications that provide standard interfaces and communication
4. International Journal on Web Service Computing (IJWSC), Vol.2, No.4, December 2011
4
protocols aiming at efficient and effective service integration. A Web Service is defined as a
functionality that can be programmatically accessible via the Web [18]. A fundamental objective
of Web Services is to enable the interoperability among different software applications that run
on a variety of platforms [13], [24]. The interoperation has been enabled by the tremendous
standardization effort to describe, advertise, discover and invoke Web Services [3]. Web
Services are increasingly being adopted as a framework to access Web-based applications. Most
of the proposed composition languages for Web Services are based on XML [1], and although
XML-based representations have their advantages as universal representations and exchange
formats, they can be difficult to understand and to write for non-XML experts. Thus, the use of a
graphical modeling language can be very useful to understand the behavior of Systems.
Performance has been recognized as the most considered aspect for the software system
[5].many software performance evolution approaches have been proposed in the literature [19].
UML is the standard for the modeling software systems and it provides standard extension
mechanisms based on additional features which can be used to extend its semantic in standard
and consistent way. UML profile for schedulability, performance and time specification allows
the specification of quantitative information directly in the UML model. [20] Proposed an
algorithm for the software performance modeling based on UML as software description
notation and multiclass QN [7] as the performance model.
The motivation in this [12] is the use of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) [11], and more
specifically the UML Profile for modeling Real Time Systems (RT-UML) profile, as a graphical
modeling language for XML Real-Timed Web Services composition and the verification of
these systems by using Model Checking techniques on Timed Automata. Some web services
workflow patterns and extension in UML to model these patterns are provided in [8]. The
patterns identified are Web Service Call, Loop, Data Transformation and Alternate Services. The
proposed solutions contain UML activity diagrams along with required extensions. The paper
addresses the service composition patterns, but does not provide any feedback mechanism for
refinement. [2] talks about MDA approach for development of Web Services and their
compositions. Business processes are shown by activity diagrams and static structures by UML
class diagrams. Authors have shown mapping from UML to BPEL4WS, WSDL and Java
Platform. The UML is a graphical language for visualizing, specifying, constructing, and
documenting the artifacts of a software-intensive system [9s]. The UML is rather software-
specific and strongly characterized by object orientation. While modeling in systems engineering
is interdisciplinary. The use of UML can easily lead to acceptance problems and
misunderstandings when in interdisciplinary communication. This led to develop our
methodology. All these works are referred to developing UI for software system but not for
system engineering. Hence based on [4] we have proposed our methodology.
1 Methodology
i. Consider the prototype of a User Interface (UI).
ii. Identify UI elements in the selected prototype
iii.Develop the flow diagram of the UI elements
iv. Develop Activity Model
v. Develop Use Case Model
vi. Refine & Iterate.
5. International Journal on Web Service Computing (IJWSC), Vol.2, No.4, December 2011
5
The UI elements identified in step 2 are workspaces and functional elements located at the user
interface. These are identified by the designer from the Prototype created at Step1. It is mapping
from logical and physical interface design to use case descriptions which is the focus of the
research reported here.
1 Case Study on Amazon.com
4.1 Prototype of Amazon.com web service
As an illustration of this methodology, consider the web site Amazon.com, and apply the
algorithm for the module Login. The prototype of the login page is given in Fig. 1.
Figure 1. Screen shot of login page of Amazon.com.
4.1 UI elements of Login
In Fig. 2, the UI elements column identifies four workspaces (W1- W4) as being required to
support the user and system activities. It also identifies two functional elements - Sign in using
secure server, Create Account, which are required to support the user tasks. There are two sub-
flows in the figure 2, and one exception flow is shown following invalid user input. The
information to be displayed is shown in each workspace. This is derived from Prototype model.
6. International Journal on Web Service Computing (IJWSC), Vol.2, No.4, December 2011
6
Figure 2. UI Element cluster for the Login use.
4.1 Flow diagram of the UI elements
4.3.1 Main Flow
In the given below figure 3 showing the ‘Main flow of login’, where the first workspace W1
showing to create a account by providing the Name, Email id, Phone number and password.
When it successfully created then workspace W2 showing how to login, for login we have to
provide the Email-id and password. If Email-id and password is correct then it enters in secure
server. The last workspace W4 shows entering in to system and can access the functionalities.
W2
Email Id
Password
W1
Name
Email Id
Phone no
Password
Registratio
n
Sign in
W3
Invalid
Email Id/
Password
Messages
Sign In using
Secure Server
Create Account
W4
Order
Payment
Setting
Digital Content
Personalization
7. International Journal on Web Service Computing (IJWSC), Vol.2, No.4, December 2011
7
Figure 3. Main flow of login.
4.3.2 Exception flows
In Fig. 4, the workspace W3 is showing Exception handling when user is logging in. If Email-id
or password or both are Incorrect, then it will show the Exception.
Figure 4. Exception flows of login.
W3
Invalid
Email Id/
Password
W1
Name
Email Id
Phone no
Password
Create Account
W2
Email Id
Password
Sign In using
Secure Server
W4
Order
Payment
Setting
Digital Content
Personalization
8. International Journal on Web Service Computing (IJWSC), Vol.2, No.4, December 2011
8
4.1 Activity Model for login
In Fig. 5, it is showing the activity model for login. When user wants to enter in to the system, if
he is new user then he has to provide the Email-id and fill all the details, then he will enter into
the system. It he is the existing user then he has to provide email-id or password. If email-id or
password or both is incorrect then display error message and again back to login page. If e-mail-
id and password is correct then it moves on to open user form.
Figure 5. Activity model for login
4.1 Use Case Model
In Table 1, it is showing use case specification for login and authenticate. It is showing all the
description about the use case as who is actor, pre-conditions, post-conditions, basic steps of
login, exception handling.
Table 1. Use Case Specification – Login and Authenticate.
Brief Description This use case describes the process by which a user logs into the
System.
Actor User
Pre-Conditions Precondition One
The User must have a valid user name and password.
Precondition Two
The User has access to the system.
Post-Conditions Post-Condition One
The User successfully logs into the system and is re-
directed
to the page.
Post-Condition Two
All and/or any of the login credentials of the User are not valid.
The user is informed that the login are invalid and to try again.
Login and Authenticate
Add New User
Submit
Fill in the form
New user
Enter the e-mail-idEnter E-mail-id & Password
Existing User
Display Error Message
InCorrect Id & Password
Open User Form
9. International Journal on Web Service Computing (IJWSC), Vol.2, No.4, December 2011
9
Basic Steps 1. If new user, the user should enter the credentials and the
system redirects the user to the web page.
2. Already existing user, The user enters and submits his/her
Username and password.
3. The System validates and authenticates the user
Information.
4. The System re-directs the user to the web page.
Exception Flows • The system displays a message to the user indicating
that the user name and/or password are incorrect and to try
again.
• The system displays a message to the user indicating to
enter user name and password.
• The user continues at basic step #2.
• The system displays a message to the user indicating a
communication error.
• The user exits the system.
We have obtained the remaining UI Elements and Activity models, the similar procedure as
given in figures 6, 7 & Table 2 for Search, figures 8,9,10 & Table 3 for shopping cart, figures
11, 12 & Table 4 for online payment and figures 13, 14 for Wish list respectively.
Figure 6. UI Elements Cluster for Search.
Message
SearchW1
All departments
Input text Search
ResultsW2
Showing search results
Choose department to filter results
W3
Showing results
W4
Search text did not match any product
Go Previous Next
10. International Journal on Web Service Computing (IJWSC), Vol.2, No.4, December 2011
10
Figure 7. Activity Diagram for Search.
Table 2. Use Case Specification – Search.
Brief Description This use case describes the process by which user can search for
product.
Actor User
Pre-Condition User must enter the category of search.
User must know what product to search for.
Post -Condition Displays the list of products related to the search.
If searched product is not found display the message product not
found.
Basic Steps User must select the product to search.
System displays the related product list to the user.
View the product and add to the wish list.
Exception Flows System displays a message to the user indicating “your search does
not match any products”
Check Out
Select A Category
Search for a product
View Item
Found
Notfound
Add to the Cart
View the Cart
Update Cart
Yes
Add to the Wish List
No
11. International Journal on Web Service Computing (IJWSC), Vol.2, No.4, December 2011
11
Figure 8. UI Elements Cluster for Shopping Cart.
Figure 9. Add Item to the Shopping Cart.
Search Item
Item found
Add item to Shopping Cart
Wish to add more items
YES
NO
NO
YES
W1
Shopping cart items
Price
Quantity
Subtotal
W2
Items added on
Condition
Shipping duration
Shipping type
See more items
like those in cart
Update
Shopping Cart
Save for
later
Delete
Proceed to
Checkout
Item
Description
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Figure 10. Edit /Remove Item from the Shopping Cart.
Table 3. Use Case Specification – Shopping Cart.
Brief
Description
This use case describes the process by which user can edit/remove
the item form the cart.
Actor User
Pre-Condition User must be authorized to edit cart.
User must be logged into the system.
User must check for the cart is empty or not.
User must know what to edit in the cart.
Post -Condition Cart will be edited with the changes required by the user.
Basic Steps User must be authenticated to edit the cart.
User must check for shipping cart is empty or not.
If cart is not empty user must select the preferred action to be
taken (Edit/Remove) on the cart.
Action will be performed by the system and communicates the
message to the user.
Exception
Flows
If the cart is empty displays the message that the cart is empty.
Redirect to the login webpage if user had not logged into the
account.
Figure 11. UI Elements Cluster for Online Payment.
View Cart
Is Shopping cart empty
Buy multiple quantities of an item
Remove item from cart
Prefer to buy item later
Change number in the Qty
Update
Delete item
Save item for later
YES YES
YES
NO
NO
YES
NO
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Figure 12. Activity Diagram for Online Payment.
Table 4. Use Case Specification – Online Payment.
Brief
Description
This use case describes the process by which user can do the
online payment.
Actor User
Pre-Condition User must be authorized to do the online payment.
User must register the card for the payment.
User must choose the mode of payment.
User must choose the type of the card
Post -Condition System display the message payment is successful if payment is
success.
Choose mode of payment
Credit or Debit card Gift cards andPromotionalcodes Amazonstore card CheckingAccount
Add card
Provide Credit or Debit card information
Validate cardinformation
Enter Coupon code Cardexists
Apply for card, provide neccessary info
Enter Checkingaccount information
Proceedtopayment
Complete payment
NO
YES
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System displays the message unable to proceed if payment is
unsuccessful.
Basic Steps User must be added the product to the shipping cart.
User must choose mode of payment.
User should enter the valid card information.
Enter the amount to be paid.
Redirect to the banking website if information provided by the
user is correct.
Payment will complete.
Exception
Flows
Displays the communication information if the details entered by
the user are incorrect.
Redirect to the login webpage if user had not logged into the
account.
Figure 13. UI Elements Cluster of Wish List.
Figure 14. Activity Diagram of Wish List.
Create a new Wish list
Save list
YES, anyone can search for and see this list
Name the list
Make this list public
Make this list private
NO, only you can see this list
Wish List
Create List
W2
Edit list name
Change privacy
settings
Delete this list
Manage
List
Find List W4
Enter name or
email
Sav Cancel Print list Go
Add to Cart Delete
W1
List name
Make this list public
Or
Make this list private
W3
Title
Price
Desired
Received
Print List
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Table 5. Use Case Specification – Wish List.
Brief Description This use case describes the process by which user can add products to
the wish list.
Actor User
Pre-Condition User must be authorized to add the items to the wish list.
User must select the items to be added to the wish list.
User need to decide whether to make the list as public or private.
User need to create the list if list does not exist already.
Post -Condition List of items will be added to the wish list.
Basic Steps User must be authenticated to enter the items to the wish list.
Select the item need to be added to the wish list.
Make the list as private/public.
Add the items to the list.
Save the list.
Exception Flows Redirect to the login webpage if user had not logged into the account
4 Conclusion and Future work
In general, developing prototype for software applications is industry practice. Various
methodologies facilitate to predict performance from UML models. Hence, in this paper, we
have proposed a methodology to transform a prototype of UI into UML models, Activity
diagram and Use Case diagram. The user interface designer can predict the performance of a
software system at the early stages. As future work, we propose to develop methodologies to
analyze performance of Web Services from these UML models.
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