The document describes a methodology for early performance prediction of web services. It involves modeling web services using UML diagrams, simulating the model using a tool called SMTQA, and analyzing performance metrics. The methodology was applied to model a general web services system using use case and sequence diagrams. The model was simulated and bottleneck resources like Internet connections and disks were identified based on high average waiting times and probability of request dropping.
PREDICTING PERFORMANCE OF WEB SERVICES USING SMTQA cscpconf
Web Service is an interface which implements business logic. Performance is an important quality aspect of Web services because of their distributed nature. Predicting the performance of web services during early stages of software development is significant. In this paper we model web service using Unified Modeling Language, Use Case Diagram, Sequence Diagram. We obtain the Performance metrics by simulating the web services model using a simulation tool Simulation of Multi-Tier Queuing Architecture. We have identified the bottle neck resources
General Methodology for developing UML models from UIijwscjournal
In recent past every discipline and every industry have their own methods of developing products. It may
be software development, mechanics, construction, psychology and so on. These demarcations work fine
as long as the requirements are within one discipline. However, if the project extends over several
disciplines, interfaces have to be created and coordinated between the methods of these disciplines.
Performance is an important quality aspect of Web Services because of their distributed nature.
Predicting the performance of web services during early stages of software development is significant. In
Industry, Prototype of these applications is developed during analysis phase of Software Development Life
Cycle (SDLC). However, Performance models are generated from UML models. Methodologies for
predicting the performance from UML models is available. Hence, In this paper, a methodology for
developing Use Case model and Activity model from User Interface is presented. The methodology is
illustrated with a case study on Amazon.com.
General Methodology for developing UML models from UI ijwscjournal
In recent past every discipline and every industry have their own methods of developing products. It may be software development, mechanics, construction, psychology and so on. These demarcations work fine as long as the requirements are within one discipline. However, if the project extends over several disciplines, interfaces have to be created and coordinated between the methods of these disciplines.
Performance is an important quality aspect of Web Services because of their distributed nature. Predicting the performance of web services during early stages of software development is significant. In Industry, Prototype of these applications is developed during analysis phase of Software Development Life
Cycle (SDLC). However, Performance models are generated from UML models. Methodologies for predicting the performance from UML models is available. Hence, In this paper, a methodology for developing Use Case model and Activity model from User Interface is presented. The methodology is illustrated with a case study on Amazon.com.
General Methodology for developing UML models from UIijwscjournal
In recent past every discipline and every industry have their own methods of developing products. It may be software development, mechanics, construction, psychology and so on. These demarcations work fine as long as the requirements are within one discipline. However, if the project extends over several disciplines, interfaces have to be created and coordinated between the methods of these disciplines. Performance is an important quality aspect of Web Services because of their distributed nature. Predicting the performance of web services during early stages of software development is significant. In Industry, Prototype of these applications is developed during analysis phase of Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC). However, Performance models are generated from UML models. Methodologies for predicting the performance from UML models is available. Hence, In this paper, a methodology for developing Use Case model and Activity model from User Interface is presented. The methodology is illustrated with a case study on Amazon.com.
General Methodology for developing UML models from UIijwscjournal
In recent past every discipline and every industry have their own methods of developing products. It may be software development, mechanics, construction, psychology and so on. These demarcations work fine as long as the requirements are within one discipline. However, if the project extends over several disciplines, interfaces have to be created and coordinated between the methods of these disciplines. Performance is an important quality aspect of Web Services because of their distributed nature. Predicting the performance of web services during early stages of software development is significant. In Industry, Prototype of these applications is developed during analysis phase of Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC). However, Performance models are generated from UML models. Methodologies for predicting the performance from UML models is available. Hence, In this paper, a methodology for developing Use Case model and Activity model from User Interface is presented. The methodology is illustrated with a case study on Amazon.com.
General Methodology for developing UML models from UIijwscjournal
In recent past every discipline and every industry have their own methods of developing products. It may
be software development, mechanics, construction, psychology and so on. These demarcations work fine
as long as the requirements are within one discipline. However, if the project extends over several
disciplines, interfaces have to be created and coordinated between the methods of these disciplines.
Performance is an important quality aspect of Web Services because of their distributed nature.
Predicting the performance of web services during early stages of software development is significant. In
Industry, Prototype of these applications is developed during analysis phase of Software Development Life
Cycle (SDLC). However, Performance models are generated from UML models. Methodologies for
predicting the performance from UML models is available. Hence, In this paper, a methodology for
developing Use Case model and Activity model from User Interface is presented. The methodology is
illustrated with a case study on Amazon.com
Finite State Machine Based Evaluation Model For Web Service Reliability Analysisdannyijwest
Today’s world economy demands that both market access and customer service be available anytime and
anywhere. The Web is the only way to supply global economic needs and, due to expand the development of
comprehensive web service, it does so relatively inexpensively. The ability of web service is to provide a
relatively inexpensive way to deploy customer services. As days goes on the business logic of a system
emerges out at a great extent where it has to react to several different competitors under different
situations. Through means of a business logic system we can able to achieve faster communication of
information, rampant change and increasing business complexity
PREDICTING PERFORMANCE OF WEB SERVICES USING SMTQA cscpconf
Web Service is an interface which implements business logic. Performance is an important quality aspect of Web services because of their distributed nature. Predicting the performance of web services during early stages of software development is significant. In this paper we model web service using Unified Modeling Language, Use Case Diagram, Sequence Diagram. We obtain the Performance metrics by simulating the web services model using a simulation tool Simulation of Multi-Tier Queuing Architecture. We have identified the bottle neck resources
General Methodology for developing UML models from UIijwscjournal
In recent past every discipline and every industry have their own methods of developing products. It may
be software development, mechanics, construction, psychology and so on. These demarcations work fine
as long as the requirements are within one discipline. However, if the project extends over several
disciplines, interfaces have to be created and coordinated between the methods of these disciplines.
Performance is an important quality aspect of Web Services because of their distributed nature.
Predicting the performance of web services during early stages of software development is significant. In
Industry, Prototype of these applications is developed during analysis phase of Software Development Life
Cycle (SDLC). However, Performance models are generated from UML models. Methodologies for
predicting the performance from UML models is available. Hence, In this paper, a methodology for
developing Use Case model and Activity model from User Interface is presented. The methodology is
illustrated with a case study on Amazon.com.
General Methodology for developing UML models from UI ijwscjournal
In recent past every discipline and every industry have their own methods of developing products. It may be software development, mechanics, construction, psychology and so on. These demarcations work fine as long as the requirements are within one discipline. However, if the project extends over several disciplines, interfaces have to be created and coordinated between the methods of these disciplines.
Performance is an important quality aspect of Web Services because of their distributed nature. Predicting the performance of web services during early stages of software development is significant. In Industry, Prototype of these applications is developed during analysis phase of Software Development Life
Cycle (SDLC). However, Performance models are generated from UML models. Methodologies for predicting the performance from UML models is available. Hence, In this paper, a methodology for developing Use Case model and Activity model from User Interface is presented. The methodology is illustrated with a case study on Amazon.com.
General Methodology for developing UML models from UIijwscjournal
In recent past every discipline and every industry have their own methods of developing products. It may be software development, mechanics, construction, psychology and so on. These demarcations work fine as long as the requirements are within one discipline. However, if the project extends over several disciplines, interfaces have to be created and coordinated between the methods of these disciplines. Performance is an important quality aspect of Web Services because of their distributed nature. Predicting the performance of web services during early stages of software development is significant. In Industry, Prototype of these applications is developed during analysis phase of Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC). However, Performance models are generated from UML models. Methodologies for predicting the performance from UML models is available. Hence, In this paper, a methodology for developing Use Case model and Activity model from User Interface is presented. The methodology is illustrated with a case study on Amazon.com.
General Methodology for developing UML models from UIijwscjournal
In recent past every discipline and every industry have their own methods of developing products. It may be software development, mechanics, construction, psychology and so on. These demarcations work fine as long as the requirements are within one discipline. However, if the project extends over several disciplines, interfaces have to be created and coordinated between the methods of these disciplines. Performance is an important quality aspect of Web Services because of their distributed nature. Predicting the performance of web services during early stages of software development is significant. In Industry, Prototype of these applications is developed during analysis phase of Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC). However, Performance models are generated from UML models. Methodologies for predicting the performance from UML models is available. Hence, In this paper, a methodology for developing Use Case model and Activity model from User Interface is presented. The methodology is illustrated with a case study on Amazon.com.
General Methodology for developing UML models from UIijwscjournal
In recent past every discipline and every industry have their own methods of developing products. It may
be software development, mechanics, construction, psychology and so on. These demarcations work fine
as long as the requirements are within one discipline. However, if the project extends over several
disciplines, interfaces have to be created and coordinated between the methods of these disciplines.
Performance is an important quality aspect of Web Services because of their distributed nature.
Predicting the performance of web services during early stages of software development is significant. In
Industry, Prototype of these applications is developed during analysis phase of Software Development Life
Cycle (SDLC). However, Performance models are generated from UML models. Methodologies for
predicting the performance from UML models is available. Hence, In this paper, a methodology for
developing Use Case model and Activity model from User Interface is presented. The methodology is
illustrated with a case study on Amazon.com
Finite State Machine Based Evaluation Model For Web Service Reliability Analysisdannyijwest
Today’s world economy demands that both market access and customer service be available anytime and
anywhere. The Web is the only way to supply global economic needs and, due to expand the development of
comprehensive web service, it does so relatively inexpensively. The ability of web service is to provide a
relatively inexpensive way to deploy customer services. As days goes on the business logic of a system
emerges out at a great extent where it has to react to several different competitors under different
situations. Through means of a business logic system we can able to achieve faster communication of
information, rampant change and increasing business complexity
Performance Prediction of Service-Oriented Architecture - A surveyEditor IJCATR
Performance prediction and evaluation for SOA based applications assist software consumers to estimate their applications
based on service specifications created by service developers. Incorporating traditional performance models such as Stochastic Petri
Nets, Queuing Networks, and Simulation present drawbacks of SOA based applications due to special characteristics of SOA such as
lose coupling, self-contained and interoperability. Although, researchers have suggested many methods in this area during last decade,
none of them has obtained popular industrial use. Based on this, we have conducted a comprehensive survey on these methods to
estimate their applicability. This survey classified these approaches according to their performance metrics analyzed, performance
models used, and applicable project stage. Our survey helps SOA architects to select the appropriate approach based on target
performance metric and researchers to identify the SOA state-of-art performance prediction
Mvc architecture driven design and agile implementation of a web based softwa...ijseajournal
This paper reports design and implementation of a web based software system for storing and managing
information related to time management and productivity of employees working on a project.
The system
has been designed and implemented w
ith best principles from model view
controller
and agile development.
Such system has practical use for any organization in terms of ease of use, efficiency, and cost savings. The
manuscript describes design of the system as well as its database and user i
nterface. Detailed snapshots of
the working system are provided too.
Root Cause Detection in a Service-Oriented ArchitectureSam Shah
[This paper was presented at SIGMETRICS 2013.]
Large-scale websites are predominantly built as a service-oriented architecture. Here, services are specialized for a certain task, run on multiple machines, and communicate with each other to serve a user’s request. An anomalous change in a metric of one service can propagate to other services during this communication, resulting in overall degradation of the request. As any such degradation is revenue impacting, maintaining correct functionality is of paramount concern: it is important to find the root cause of any anomaly as quickly as possible. This is challenging because there are numerous metrics or sensors for a given service, and a modern website is usually composed of hundreds of services running on thousands of machines in multiple data centers.
This paper introduces MonitorRank, an algorithm that can reduce the time, domain knowledge, and human effort required to find the root causes of anomalies in such service-oriented architectures. In the event of an anomaly, MonitorRank provides a ranked order list of possible root causes for monitoring teams to investigate. MonitorRank uses the historical and current time-series metrics of each sensor as its input, along with the call graph generated between sensors to build an unsupervised model for ranking. Experiments on real production outage data from LinkedIn, one of the largest online social networks, shows a 26% to 51% improvement in mean average precision in finding root causes compared to baseline and current state-of-the-art methods.
FUZZY-BASED ARCHITECTURE TO IMPLEMENT SERVICE SELECTION ADAPTATION STRATEGYijwscjournal
One of the main requirements in service based applications is runtime adaptation to changes that occur in
business, user, environment, and computational contexts. Changes in contexts lead to QOS degrade.
Continues adaptation mechanism and strategies are required to stay service based applications(SBA) in
safe state. In this paper a framework for runtime adaptation in service based application isintroduced. It
checks user requirements change continuously and dynamically adopts architecture model. Also it checks
providers QOS attributes continuously and if adaptation requirement is triggered, runs service selection
adaptation strategy to satisfy user preferences. Thusit is a context aware and automatically adaptable
framework for SBA applications. Wehave implemented a fuzzy based system for web service selection unit.
Due to ambiguity of context’s data and cross-cutting effects of quality of services, using fuzzy would result
an optimised decision. Finally we illustrated that using of it has a good performance for web service based
applications.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Semantic web based software engineering by automated requirements ontology ge...IJwest
This paper presents an approach for automated generation of requirements ontology using UML diagrams in service-oriented architecture (SOA). The goal of this paper is to convenience progress of software engineering processes like software design, software reuse, service discovering and etc. The proposed method is based on a four conceptual layers. The first layer includes requirements achieved by stakeholders, the second one designs service-oriented diagrams from the data in first layer and extracts XMI codes of them. The third layer includes requirement ontology and protocol ontology to describe behavior of services and relationships between them semantically. Finally the forth layer makes standard the concepts exists in ontologies of previous layer. The generated ontology exceeds absolute domain ontology because it considers the behavior of services moreover the hierarchical relationship of them. Experimental results conducted on a set of UML4Soa diagrams in different scopes demonstrate the improvement of the proposed approach from different points of view such as: completeness of requirements ontology, automatic generation and considering SOA.
Availability Assessment of Software Systems Architecture Using Formal ModelsEditor IJCATR
There has been a significant effort to analyze, design and implement the information systems to process the information and data, and solve various problems. On the one hand, complexity of the contemporary systems, and eye-catching increase in the variety and volume of information has led to great number of the components and elements, and more complex structure and organization of the information systems. On the other hand, it is necessary to develop the systems which meet all of the stakeholders' functional and non-functional requirements. Considering the fact that evaluation and assessment of the aforementioned requirements - prior to the design and implementation phases - will consume less time and reduce costs, the best time to measure the evaluable behavior of the system is when its software architecture is provided. One of the ways to evaluate the architecture of software is creation of an executable model of architecture.
The present research used availability assessment and took repair, maintenance and accident time parameters into consideration. Failures of software and hardware components have been considered in the architecture of software systems. To describe the architecture easily, the authors used Unified Modeling Language (UML). However, due to the informality of UML, they utilized Colored Petri Nets (CPN) for assessment too. Eventually, the researchers evaluated a CPN-based executable model of architecture through CPN-Tools.
FUZZY-BASED ARCHITECTURE TO IMPLEMENT SERVICE SELECTION ADAPTATION STRATEGYijwscjournal
One of the main requirements in service based applications is runtime adaptation to changes that occur in business, user, environment, and computational contexts. Changes in contexts lead to QOS degrade. Continues adaptation mechanism and strategies are required to stay service based applications(SBA) in safe state. In this paper a framework for runtime adaptation in service based application isintroduced. It checks user requirements change continuously and dynamically adopts architecture model. Also it checks providers QOS attributes continuously and if adaptation requirement is triggered, runs service selection adaptation strategy to satisfy user preferences. Thusit is a context aware and automatically adaptable
framework for SBA applications. Wehave implemented a fuzzy based system for web service selection unit. Due to ambiguity of context’s data and cross-cutting effects of quality of services, using fuzzy would result an optimised decision. Finally we illustrated that using of it has a good performance for web service based applications.
QOS OF WEB SERVICE: SURVEY ON PERFORMANCE AND SCALABILITYcscpconf
In today’s scenario, most of the organizations provide the services through the web. This makes the web service an important research area. In addition, early design and building web services, it is necessary to concentrate on the quality of web services. Performance is an important quality attributes that to be considered during the designing of web services. The expected
performance can be achieved by proper scheduling of resources and scalability of the system. Scalability is a desirable attribute of a process computer system or network. Poor scalability
can result in lacking system performance. Hence, in this paper, we have reviewed the literature available for the quality attributes of performance and scalability and identified the issues that
affect the quality attributes related to Web Services
Continuous Testing of Service-Oriented Applications Using Service Virtualizationiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
SIZE METRICS FOR SERVICE-ORIENTED ARCHITECTUREmathsjournal
Determining the size, effort and cost of Service-oriented Architecture (SOA) systems is important to
facilitate project planning and eventually successful implementation of a software project. SOA approach is
one of the recent software architectures that allow integration of applications within and outside the
organization regardless of heterogeneous technology over a distributed network. A number of research
studies have been done to measure SOA size.However, these studies are not based on software metrics
rendering them to be ineffective in their estimation. This study defined a set of SOA size metrics based on
Unified Modelling Language (UML). The study employed Briand’s theoretical validation to test the validity
of the designed SOA size metrics. Findings from this study will provide metrics to measure SOA size more
accurately and form a basis for future software engineering researchers to develop more effective and more
accurate size metrics and effort estimation methods.
Size Metrics for Service-Oriented Architecture ijseajournal
Determining the size, effort and cost of Service-oriented Architecture (SOA) systems is important to facilitate project planning and eventually successful implementation of a software project. SOA approach is one of the recent software architectures that allow integration of applications within and outside the organization regardless of heterogeneous technology over a distributed network. A number of research
studies have been done to measure SOA size.However, these studies are not based on software metrics rendering them to be ineffective in their estimation. This study defined a set of SOA size metrics based on Unified Modelling Language (UML). The study employed Briand’s theoretical validation to test the validity
of the designed SOA size metrics. Findings from this study will provide metrics to measure SOA size more accurately and form a basis for future software engineering researchers to develop more effective and more accurate size metrics and effort estimation methods.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
Effective performance engineering is a critical factor in delivering meaningful results. The implementation must be built into every aspect of the business, from IT and business management to internal and external customers and all other stakeholders. Convetit brought together ten experts in the field of performance engineering to delve into the trends and drivers that are defining the space. This Foresights discussion will directly influence Business and Technology Leaders that are looking to stay ahead of the challenges they face with delivering high performing systems to their end users, today and in the next 2-5 years.
Performance Evaluation of Web Services In Linux On MulticoreCSCJournals
Contemporary Business requires the ability to seamlessly exchange information between internal
business units, customers, and partner, is vital for success. Most organizations employ a variety of
different applications to store and exchange data in dissimilar way and therefore cannot “communicate” to
one another productively [1]. Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) components provide services to other
components via communication protocols typically over a network [2].The technologies like DCOM, RMI,
COBRA, Web Services etc. are developed using SOA, which contributed best to fulfill requirements to
some extent, but components result from these technologies are mostly either language specific or
platform specific,[3]. The services or components developed for one platform may not be able to
communicate and reusable in other platform, as they are mostly language specific or platform specific.
“World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) International community to develop web standards” issued WS-*
specifications for programming language vendors for Web services, which confirms a standard means of
interoperating between different software applications running on a variety of platforms or frameworks
[4][5]. This paper tests web services performance gain along with interoperability, reusability by using
“NAS Parallel Benchmarks (NPB)” set of program [6] developed by NASA Advanced Supercomputing
Division to evaluate the performance of supercomputers.
A distributed system can be viewed as an environment in which, number of computers/nodes are connected and resources are shared among these computers/nodes. But unfortunately, distributed systems often face the problem of traffic, which can degrade the performance of the system. Traffic management is used to improve scalability and overall system throughput in distributed systems using Software Defined Network (SDN) based systems. Traffic management improves system performance by dividing the work traffic effectively among the participating computers/nodes. Many algorithms were proposed for traffic management and their performance is measured based on certain parameters such as response time, resource utilization, and fault tolerance. Traffic management algorithms are broadly classified into two categories- scheduling and machine learning traffic management. This work presents the study of performance analysis of traffic management algorithms. This analysis can further help in the design of new algorithms. However, when multiple servers are assigned to compile the mysterious code, different kinds of techniques are used. One common example is traffic management. The processes are managed based on power efficiency, networking bandwidth, Processor speed. The desired output will again send back to the developer. If multiple programs have to be compiled then appropriate technique such as scheduling algorithm is used. So the compilation process becomes faster and also the other process can get a chance to compile. SDN based clustering algorithm based on Simulated Annealing whose main goal is to increase network lifetime while maintaining adequate sensing coverage in scenarios where sensor nodes produce uniform or non-uniform data traffic.
Testing of web services Based on Ontology Management ServiceIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
Enhancement in Web Service ArchitectureIJERA Editor
Web services provide a standard means of interoperating between different software applications, running on a
variety of platforms and/or frameworks. Web services are increasingly used to integrate and build business
application on the internet. Failure of web services is not acceptable in many situations such as online banking,
so fault tolerance is a key challenge of web services. This paper elaborates the concept of web service
architecture and its enhancement. Traditional web service architecture lacks facilities to support fault tolerance.
To better cope with the fundamental issues of the traditional client-server based web service architecture, peer to
peer web service architecture have been introduced. The purpose of this paper is to elaborate the architecture,
construction methods and steps of web services and possible weaknesses in scalability and fault tolerance in
traditional client server architecture and a solution for that, peer to peer web service technology has evolved.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
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Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
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Performance prediction and evaluation for SOA based applications assist software consumers to estimate their applications
based on service specifications created by service developers. Incorporating traditional performance models such as Stochastic Petri
Nets, Queuing Networks, and Simulation present drawbacks of SOA based applications due to special characteristics of SOA such as
lose coupling, self-contained and interoperability. Although, researchers have suggested many methods in this area during last decade,
none of them has obtained popular industrial use. Based on this, we have conducted a comprehensive survey on these methods to
estimate their applicability. This survey classified these approaches according to their performance metrics analyzed, performance
models used, and applicable project stage. Our survey helps SOA architects to select the appropriate approach based on target
performance metric and researchers to identify the SOA state-of-art performance prediction
Mvc architecture driven design and agile implementation of a web based softwa...ijseajournal
This paper reports design and implementation of a web based software system for storing and managing
information related to time management and productivity of employees working on a project.
The system
has been designed and implemented w
ith best principles from model view
controller
and agile development.
Such system has practical use for any organization in terms of ease of use, efficiency, and cost savings. The
manuscript describes design of the system as well as its database and user i
nterface. Detailed snapshots of
the working system are provided too.
Root Cause Detection in a Service-Oriented ArchitectureSam Shah
[This paper was presented at SIGMETRICS 2013.]
Large-scale websites are predominantly built as a service-oriented architecture. Here, services are specialized for a certain task, run on multiple machines, and communicate with each other to serve a user’s request. An anomalous change in a metric of one service can propagate to other services during this communication, resulting in overall degradation of the request. As any such degradation is revenue impacting, maintaining correct functionality is of paramount concern: it is important to find the root cause of any anomaly as quickly as possible. This is challenging because there are numerous metrics or sensors for a given service, and a modern website is usually composed of hundreds of services running on thousands of machines in multiple data centers.
This paper introduces MonitorRank, an algorithm that can reduce the time, domain knowledge, and human effort required to find the root causes of anomalies in such service-oriented architectures. In the event of an anomaly, MonitorRank provides a ranked order list of possible root causes for monitoring teams to investigate. MonitorRank uses the historical and current time-series metrics of each sensor as its input, along with the call graph generated between sensors to build an unsupervised model for ranking. Experiments on real production outage data from LinkedIn, one of the largest online social networks, shows a 26% to 51% improvement in mean average precision in finding root causes compared to baseline and current state-of-the-art methods.
FUZZY-BASED ARCHITECTURE TO IMPLEMENT SERVICE SELECTION ADAPTATION STRATEGYijwscjournal
One of the main requirements in service based applications is runtime adaptation to changes that occur in
business, user, environment, and computational contexts. Changes in contexts lead to QOS degrade.
Continues adaptation mechanism and strategies are required to stay service based applications(SBA) in
safe state. In this paper a framework for runtime adaptation in service based application isintroduced. It
checks user requirements change continuously and dynamically adopts architecture model. Also it checks
providers QOS attributes continuously and if adaptation requirement is triggered, runs service selection
adaptation strategy to satisfy user preferences. Thusit is a context aware and automatically adaptable
framework for SBA applications. Wehave implemented a fuzzy based system for web service selection unit.
Due to ambiguity of context’s data and cross-cutting effects of quality of services, using fuzzy would result
an optimised decision. Finally we illustrated that using of it has a good performance for web service based
applications.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Semantic web based software engineering by automated requirements ontology ge...IJwest
This paper presents an approach for automated generation of requirements ontology using UML diagrams in service-oriented architecture (SOA). The goal of this paper is to convenience progress of software engineering processes like software design, software reuse, service discovering and etc. The proposed method is based on a four conceptual layers. The first layer includes requirements achieved by stakeholders, the second one designs service-oriented diagrams from the data in first layer and extracts XMI codes of them. The third layer includes requirement ontology and protocol ontology to describe behavior of services and relationships between them semantically. Finally the forth layer makes standard the concepts exists in ontologies of previous layer. The generated ontology exceeds absolute domain ontology because it considers the behavior of services moreover the hierarchical relationship of them. Experimental results conducted on a set of UML4Soa diagrams in different scopes demonstrate the improvement of the proposed approach from different points of view such as: completeness of requirements ontology, automatic generation and considering SOA.
Availability Assessment of Software Systems Architecture Using Formal ModelsEditor IJCATR
There has been a significant effort to analyze, design and implement the information systems to process the information and data, and solve various problems. On the one hand, complexity of the contemporary systems, and eye-catching increase in the variety and volume of information has led to great number of the components and elements, and more complex structure and organization of the information systems. On the other hand, it is necessary to develop the systems which meet all of the stakeholders' functional and non-functional requirements. Considering the fact that evaluation and assessment of the aforementioned requirements - prior to the design and implementation phases - will consume less time and reduce costs, the best time to measure the evaluable behavior of the system is when its software architecture is provided. One of the ways to evaluate the architecture of software is creation of an executable model of architecture.
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framework for SBA applications. Wehave implemented a fuzzy based system for web service selection unit. Due to ambiguity of context’s data and cross-cutting effects of quality of services, using fuzzy would result an optimised decision. Finally we illustrated that using of it has a good performance for web service based applications.
QOS OF WEB SERVICE: SURVEY ON PERFORMANCE AND SCALABILITYcscpconf
In today’s scenario, most of the organizations provide the services through the web. This makes the web service an important research area. In addition, early design and building web services, it is necessary to concentrate on the quality of web services. Performance is an important quality attributes that to be considered during the designing of web services. The expected
performance can be achieved by proper scheduling of resources and scalability of the system. Scalability is a desirable attribute of a process computer system or network. Poor scalability
can result in lacking system performance. Hence, in this paper, we have reviewed the literature available for the quality attributes of performance and scalability and identified the issues that
affect the quality attributes related to Web Services
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IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
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Determining the size, effort and cost of Service-oriented Architecture (SOA) systems is important to facilitate project planning and eventually successful implementation of a software project. SOA approach is one of the recent software architectures that allow integration of applications within and outside the organization regardless of heterogeneous technology over a distributed network. A number of research
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business units, customers, and partner, is vital for success. Most organizations employ a variety of
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one another productively [1]. Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) components provide services to other
components via communication protocols typically over a network [2].The technologies like DCOM, RMI,
COBRA, Web Services etc. are developed using SOA, which contributed best to fulfill requirements to
some extent, but components result from these technologies are mostly either language specific or
platform specific,[3]. The services or components developed for one platform may not be able to
communicate and reusable in other platform, as they are mostly language specific or platform specific.
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specifications for programming language vendors for Web services, which confirms a standard means of
interoperating between different software applications running on a variety of platforms or frameworks
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A distributed system can be viewed as an environment in which, number of computers/nodes are connected and resources are shared among these computers/nodes. But unfortunately, distributed systems often face the problem of traffic, which can degrade the performance of the system. Traffic management is used to improve scalability and overall system throughput in distributed systems using Software Defined Network (SDN) based systems. Traffic management improves system performance by dividing the work traffic effectively among the participating computers/nodes. Many algorithms were proposed for traffic management and their performance is measured based on certain parameters such as response time, resource utilization, and fault tolerance. Traffic management algorithms are broadly classified into two categories- scheduling and machine learning traffic management. This work presents the study of performance analysis of traffic management algorithms. This analysis can further help in the design of new algorithms. However, when multiple servers are assigned to compile the mysterious code, different kinds of techniques are used. One common example is traffic management. The processes are managed based on power efficiency, networking bandwidth, Processor speed. The desired output will again send back to the developer. If multiple programs have to be compiled then appropriate technique such as scheduling algorithm is used. So the compilation process becomes faster and also the other process can get a chance to compile. SDN based clustering algorithm based on Simulated Annealing whose main goal is to increase network lifetime while maintaining adequate sensing coverage in scenarios where sensor nodes produce uniform or non-uniform data traffic.
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construction methods and steps of web services and possible weaknesses in scalability and fault tolerance in
traditional client server architecture and a solution for that, peer to peer web service technology has evolved.
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1. International Journal on Web Service Computing (IJWSC), Vol.2, No.3, September 2011
DOI : 10.5121/ijwsc.2011.2303 31
EARLY PERFORMANCE PREDICTION OF WEB
SERVICES
Ch Ram Mohan Reddy1
, D Evangelin Geetha2
, KG Srinivasa2
,
T V Suresh Kumar2
, K Rajani Kanth2
1
B M S College of Engineering, Bangalore - 19, India
2
M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore - 54, India
crams19@yahoo.com, degeetha@msrit.edu, kgsrinivas78@yahoo.com,
tvsureshkumar@msrit.edu, rajanikanth@msrit.edu
ABSTRACT
Web Service is an interface which implements business logic. Performance is an important quality aspect
of Web services because of their distributed nature. Predicting the performance of web services during
early stages of software development is significant. In this paper we model web service using Unified
Modeling Language, Use Case Diagram, Sequence Diagram, Deployment Diagram. We obtain the
Performance metrics by simulating the web services model using a simulation tool Simulation of Multi-Tier
Queuing Architecture. We have identified the bottle neck resources.
KEYWORDS
Software Performance Engineering, Web Services, Unified Modeling Language, Simulation
1. Introduction
Web services are modular, self-contained “applications” or application logic. These services are
developed per a set of open standards. There is even concurrence of this application-centric
viewpoint from the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). With the current Web Services
Architecture specification, which states categorically that a Web service is indeed a software
system? This stake in the ground from W3C goes a long way toward Non-Functional
requirements such as reliability, maintainability, availability, security and performance, etc.
A Web service typically not meant to be a full-blown, feature-rich application in its own right.
First, Web services need not to have a user interface. This alone runs counter to most people’s
concept of what constitutes an application. A Web service is better thought of as a “mini-
application,” possibly even an application “segment,” or better still as an application enabler.
However, to assess preliminary-early assessment of Non-functional requirements it may be useful
to consider the prototypes/user interface for a typical web service such as eBay.
Figure 1 illustrates a future web application. This hypothetical web application is intended to
provide a “wish you were there” vacation planning and vacation reservation function. To achieve
this objective, this application is shown gainfully exploiting multiple web services, from disparate
sources, to synthesize a highly compelling, very up-to-date full-function, and seamless user
2. International Journal on Web Service Computing (IJWSC), Vol.2, No.3, September 2011
32
experience. The rich and topical functionality, available in the form of Web services from third
parties, ensures that this application can be flexible, extensible, easily modifiable, and, above all,
highly effective. These objectives make the assessment of non-functional requirement such as
performance more complex. Towards assessing the performance for applications of this kind with
the screen available on the internet is quite complex as we are not aware of the underlying
software architecture. Especially non-functional requirements play the dominant role.
Performance refers to the system responsiveness with respect to the time required to respond to
specific events, or with the number of events processed in a given time interval. Performance is
vital for software systems that perform customer-service functions that must provide a rapid
response which is acceptable by the customers. Unfortunately, performance is the neglected
aspect of the software-development methodologies. The increasing complexity of the software
systems makes it essential that the performance aspects to be analysed from the early phases of
the software life cycle [4], [19]. Examining the performance at the end of software development
is a common practice in the industry, but it may lead to expensive and powerful hardware usage,
time consumption in tuning measures or in the worst case, complexity redesigning the
application.
A UML use case is a behavioural classifier. From a performance perspective, use cases are used
to identify the workloads that are significant from a performance point of view that is the
collections of requests made by the users of the system. . Usage of UML is well-known in SPE
research community. Since UML is widely used as modelling language [12], [16], [23].
Figure 1. Planning and vacation reservation application of Web Services [1].
Web service is an interface implements the business logic as a group of operations which is
accessible through various Internet Protocols [13]. It abstracts the information about the service
and permits for utilizing the service from which it is implemented. The basic web service
architecture [15] is based up on the communication between three roles. Service provider, service
broker and service requester. These three perform to publish, find and bind operations.
Figure 2 shows the web service described using standard XML notation called service description
using WSDL [2]. It represents the necessary information to interact with service. SOAP [21]
helps in organizing and interacting process using XML for information transmission between
3. International Journal on Web Service Computing (IJWSC), Vol.2, No.3, September 2011
33
peers. UDDI [24] is the discovering technology used to find the exact web service according to
request.
Figure 2. Web services architecture [28].
Performance is a one of the major problem in Web Services. Web service frameworks do not
include the functionality required for web service execution performance measurement from an
organization perspective. Here it is essential to address the performance is full in the context of
Web Services. It is also important to discuss performance prediction techniques which are useful
in reducing the cost for development. We use Software Performance Engineering (SPE) for Web
Service.
SPE is a methodology to predict the performance of software systems early (analysis phase) in
the life cycle [4]. SPE continues through the detailed design, coding and testing stages to predict
and manage the performance of the evolving software and to monitor, report actual performance
against specifications and predictions. SPE is important for software engineering and in particular
for software quality. The Software Performance Engineering Process uses multiple performance
assessment tools depending on the state of the software and the amount of performance data
available.
SMTQA (Simulation of Multi-tiered Queuing Applications) is a process-oriented simulation tool,
developed for the performance evaluation of software that follows multi-tier architecture [11]. It
provides full visualization of model structure, parameters and output reporting. It addresses the
following issues in a distributed environment.
• Simulate the multi-tier architecture with open workload and multi-classes
• Consider the software resource requirements of Use case Performance Engineering
(UPE) approach.
• Simulate the behavior of the servers with replicas
• Balance the workload among the replicas using dynamic load balancing algorithm
• Obtain the performance metrics such as server utilization, average response time, average
waiting time, average service time, probability of idle server and probability of dropping
of requests required for capacity planning
4. International Journal on Web Service Computing (IJWSC), Vol.2, No.3, September 2011
34
• Generate the graphs for analysing the performance metrics.
2. Related Work
Web services mainly used for the purpose of communicating with each other and clients. Web
services can transfer the data to others behind firewall. Web service shares business logic, data
and processes through interface over network. Now developers can add this service to their GUI
to offer that service. Web services permits numerous applications from several resources to
communicate. Web services are not tied to any operating system or any programming language.
Meeting Performance Requirements is an important issue towards acceptability of given software.
The performance of the SOA is primarily studied as web service performance, since the web
service is one of the main supporting technologies of SOA. A prototype service oriented
application has been executed, and the actual performance is measured in [25]. Kohl Hoff’s work
concentrations on the performance evaluation and analysis of the SOAP protocol in a web service
[8]. Spitznagel and Garlan have used queuing network for analysing simple client-server system
in [5]. Garlan et al. demonstrated how formal approaches to software architecture can lead to
boosts in software quality, including improved clarity of design, provision for analysis, and
assurance that implementations conform to their intended architecture in [9]. Gamble’s work
focuses on detecting architectural discrepancies between web services by making a minimal web
service architectural style [6].
Due to the intricacy of processors and micro architectures, simulations are used to calculate their
performance [14]. In the context of processor simulation two approaches exist, i.e. trace-driven
simulation and execution-driven simulation. Trace-driven simulation uses captured or unnaturally
generated trace files as input and simulates their timing behavior on a modeled system. This
approach is an old technique and widely used [14], [18]. Execution-driven simulation uses soft-
ware programs as input and simulates their functional execution. Simple Scalar [27], [10] is an
example for this approach. The execution-driven approach suffers from the drawback of a fix
instruction set and the necessity to port operating systems and drivers to the simulation
framework. In this paper, we have used model based simulation, since the prediction of
performance is done during feasibility study of Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC).
Software performance engineering methods (SPE) [3] use interpreted Unified Modelling
Language (UML) diagrams to model the system and soft-ware under study [17], [20], [26]. Since
UML does not allow for the modeling of nonfunctional aspects many authors apply the UML
Profile for schedulability, Performance, and Time Specification (SPT) [22] to enhance the
diagrams with the necessary semantics [17], [26]. The UML Profile for Modeling and Analysis of
Real-Time and Embedded systems (MARTE) is the successor of the SPT profile, allows for a
detailed modeling of performance aspects, and supports UML 2.
We have modelled the functionalities of web services in general using UML 2.0 use case diagram
and sequence diagram.
3. Methodology
To assess the performance of web services, we have exploited the methodology given in [use case
point]. The web services proposed steps involved in prediction are as follows.
1. Develop the use case model for the general web services.
2. Generate the sequence diagrams, for representing the flow of events in each use case.
3. Consider the execution environment of the software components.
4. Simulate the model using SMTQA and obtain performance metrics.
5. International Journal on Web Service Computing (IJWSC), Vol.2, No.3, September 2011
35
5. Analyse the performance metrics to achieve the performance goal.
4. Application of Methodology
The Use Case model of Web Services and the corresponding sequence diagrams are given in
figure 3 and figure 4 respectively.
Four steps involved in the process of engaging a Web service are:
a. The requester and provider must be known to each other to initiate communication
between them. There are two cases.
1 In a typical case, the requester who would initiate the process must be aware of
service provider.
There are two ways:
• The requester may get provider's address directly from the provider.
• The requester may use a discovery service.
2 In other case, the provider may initiate communication between requester and
provider. They would get to know each other wherein the provider agent
somehow obtains address of the requester agent.
b. If the requester and provider agree on service description (a WSDL document), policy
constraints would make successful communication between requester and provider.
However, it does not assure that requester and provider communicate with each other. It
simply suggests that both must have the same policies of the service description.
There are different ways this could be achieved:
• Through direct communication between requester and provider, to know the
service description and polices.
• Requester must accept the policies of service provider.
• Both requester and provider must follow an industry defined standard.
• Service description and polices defined and published by the requester and
offered to provider.
c. The service description and polices are input to, or embodied in, both the requester and
the provider as required.
d. SOAP messages can be communicated between requester agent and provider agent on
behalf of their service provider and service requester.
Q u e r y S e r v ic e s
D is c o v e r S e r v ic e s
B in d S e r v ic e s
P u b lis h S e r v ic e s in R e g is t r y
U n p u b lis h S e r v ic e s in R e g is t r y
S e r v ic e R e q u e s t o r
S e r v ic e P r o v id e r
S e r v ic e B r o k e r
6. International Journal on Web Service Computing (IJWSC), Vol.2, No.3, September 2011
36
Figure 3. Use Case model for Web Services.
Service Requestor Service Broker Service Provider
1 : Publish the Service()
2 : Query Service()
3 : Service Response()
4 : Discover the Services()
5 : Service Description()
6 : Bind()
7 : Response()
8 : Unpublish Service()
Figure 4. Sequence Diagram for Web Services.
Service Request
Service Broker
Service Provider
Internet
Internet
Figure 5. Deployment Diagram for Web Services.
5. Simulation Results
The behaviour of the hardware resources can be analysed by simulation. Since the Web Services
Technology is layered in nature, the simulation model is designed as multi-tier architecture. The
model is simulated using the tool SMTQA [11]. The model is simulated for 1000 requests. 3-tier
7. International Journal on Web Service Computing (IJWSC), Vol.2, No.3, September 2011
37
architecture is considered for simulation. The layers considered are service requests, service
broker and service provider. The inputs required for simulation are: software resource
requirements, execution environment, software execution structure, and resource usage. The
software resource requirements, i.e. software size, input size, web page size etc. are obtained
using the methodology given in [7]. The sequence diagram given in Figure 4 is considered for
software execution structure and the deployment diagram presented in Figure 5 is considered for
execution environment. The performance metrics; resource utilization, average response time,
average service time, average waiting time, probability of idle server and probability of dropping
of requests are obtained. The graphs are generated for the performance metrics against arrival
rate. For discussion, the graphs generated for average response time against arrival time obtained
in resources of the tiers are presented in Figure 6 through Figure 10. From these figures, we
could observe that in Internet 1 and Internet 2, the response time is high compared to other
resources. The obtained performance metrics for web services is presented in Table 1. From this
table, we could observe that Internet 1, Internet 2, Service Broker Disk are the bottleneck
resources, due to the performance metrics, the Average Waiting Time and Probability of dropping
of sessions.
Table 1 Performance Metrics obtained for Web Services using SMTQA
Average
Response
Time
Average
Service
Time
Average
Waiting
Time
Probability
of Idle
Server
Probability of
dropping of
Sessions
SRS 0.00012 0.00012 0.000 0.013 0.000
Internet 1 0.207 0.057 0.150 0.003 0.761
SBCPU 0.00002 0.00002 0.000 0.044 0.000
SBDsk 0.016 0.016 0.000 0.040 0.000
Internet 2 0.291 0.077 0.214 0.000 0.723
SPCPU 0.86 0.86 0.000 0.035 0.000
SBDsk 2.381 1.500 0.881 0.011 0.789
Figure 6. Service Request CPU.
8. International Journal on Web Service Computing (IJWSC), Vol.2, No.3, September 2011
38
Figure 7. Internet 1.
Figure 8. Service Broker CPU.
9. International Journal on Web Service Computing (IJWSC), Vol.2, No.3, September 2011
39
Figure 9. Service Broker Disk.
Figure 10. Internet 2.
From the graphs given in figure 6 to figure 10, we have observed the following:
In service request CPU, the response time is ranging between 0.00009 and 0.0002. The response
time in internet is varying rigorously between 0.05 and 0.2. In service broker CPU, the response
time is initially 0.00002 and gradually increasing up to 0.00008 and from that point onwards, it is
varying between 0.00006 and 0.0009.
The response time in Internet 1 and Internet 2 is varying rigorously. In Internet 1, it is between
0.05 and 0.2 while in Internet 2, it is between 0.1 and 0.3. In service broker disk, it is varying
between 0.0125 and 0.175.
10. International Journal on Web Service Computing (IJWSC), Vol.2, No.3, September 2011
40
6. Conclusion and future work
Due to the dynamic behavior of Web Services, predicting response time during early phases of
SDLC becomes complex. Hence, in this paper, we have modeled Web Services using UML
models, Use Case diagram, Sequence diagram and Deployment diagram. The model is simulated
using the tool SMTQA and the performance metrics are obtained. The response time obtained for
the hardware resources are analysed, bottleneck resources are identified. In future, we plan to
develop methodologies for software performance prediction for Web Services.
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