Enterprise Modelling with Web portal integration architecture requires investment of advanced architectural thinking into definition of services before any development of services or service consumers can begin. Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) is gradually replacing monolithic architecture as the premier design principle for new business applications with its inherently systematic nature and capability. Earlier efforts of notable styles of SOA such as CORBA and XATMI have failed to be adopted as main stream projects because of demanding design process requirement with sense-making activities and even have been residing with the modern SOA or Web services middleware. In this paper it is aimed to incorporate sensemaking design activities with the proposed semantic web service based architecture. This paper tries to tackle the above problem by proposing a service-oriented architecture for web data and service integration. A gen-Spec architectural pattern has been suggested and adopted in order to tackle the problem.
Firstly, it proposes a service-oriented platform independent architecture and Secondly, it presents a specific deployment of such architecture for data and service integration on the web using semantic web services implemented with the WSMO (Web Services Modeling Ontology).
Web Services-Enhanced Agile Modeling and Integrating Business ProcessesMustafa Salam
We propose a model-driven approach, based on Web services standards, for modeling and integrating agile business processes using Web services. The choice of focusing on Web services technology was not arbitrary. The large and broad adoption of this technology by enterprises will lead most business processes to be performed using Web services. Besides, the added value of Web services and their great interest to business process management are beyond doubt. Web services produce, on the one hand, loosely coupled applicative components.
On the other hand, they are the most widely used implementation technology of SOA (Service-Oriented Architecture), which is based on the large experiences of software and distributed component technologies. Being founded on the XML (eXtensible Markup Language) language, the SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) protocol and the UDDI (Universal Description Discovery and Integration) repository, this technology can be considered as an appropriate mean to ensure interoperability, data exchange and the publication and discovery of business processes when they can be implemented as Web services.
TOWARDS AUTOMATION OF SOA-BASED BUSINESS PROCESSESIJCSEA Journal
The adoption of business processes to design business activities is becoming a reality to a significant number of companies. In addition, the Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) is being used in diverse situations for the execution of business processes using computational resources. In this context, the need of business process automation appears with high relevance. In this work, we present a solution named BPA-SOA, which aims to automate SOA-based business processes, specified in BPMN, into WS-BPEL executable processes. In BPA-SOA, business and service information can be specified at the business level, translated into executable artifacts, deployed in execution-level resources and enforced at runtime. An illustrative scenario is presented to better illustrate and showcase the proposed solution.
BPM-X Pattern-based model transformations (v2)BPM-Xchange
Model data conversions can be achieved with a pattern-based transformation engine, a component included into the BPM-Xchange® enterprise application integration (EAI) software.
Web Services-Enhanced Agile Modeling and Integrating Business ProcessesMustafa Salam
We propose a model-driven approach, based on Web services standards, for modeling and integrating agile business processes using Web services. The choice of focusing on Web services technology was not arbitrary. The large and broad adoption of this technology by enterprises will lead most business processes to be performed using Web services. Besides, the added value of Web services and their great interest to business process management are beyond doubt. Web services produce, on the one hand, loosely coupled applicative components.
On the other hand, they are the most widely used implementation technology of SOA (Service-Oriented Architecture), which is based on the large experiences of software and distributed component technologies. Being founded on the XML (eXtensible Markup Language) language, the SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) protocol and the UDDI (Universal Description Discovery and Integration) repository, this technology can be considered as an appropriate mean to ensure interoperability, data exchange and the publication and discovery of business processes when they can be implemented as Web services.
TOWARDS AUTOMATION OF SOA-BASED BUSINESS PROCESSESIJCSEA Journal
The adoption of business processes to design business activities is becoming a reality to a significant number of companies. In addition, the Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) is being used in diverse situations for the execution of business processes using computational resources. In this context, the need of business process automation appears with high relevance. In this work, we present a solution named BPA-SOA, which aims to automate SOA-based business processes, specified in BPMN, into WS-BPEL executable processes. In BPA-SOA, business and service information can be specified at the business level, translated into executable artifacts, deployed in execution-level resources and enforced at runtime. An illustrative scenario is presented to better illustrate and showcase the proposed solution.
BPM-X Pattern-based model transformations (v2)BPM-Xchange
Model data conversions can be achieved with a pattern-based transformation engine, a component included into the BPM-Xchange® enterprise application integration (EAI) software.
Overcoming Ongoing Digital Transformational Challenges with a Microservices A...Cognizant
IT organizations must look beyond yesterday's monolithic Web applications and embrace microservices, whose loosely-coupled architectures speed development, testing and deployment.
Practical DoD Architecture Framework (DoDAF) with InnoslateElizabeth Steiner
DoDAF expert, Steve Dams explains Practical DoDAF and how to implement it through Innoslate, a systems engineering and program management tool. The slides explain the need for many dimensions to completely describe the architecture, including (risk, decisions, data, systems, components, organizations, etc). Learn how Architecture forms the foundation of dynamic analysis.
While going through in-depth on Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) and Enterprise Architecture (EA) as part of my Oracle SOA and TOGAF certification, I had questions as to how SOA fits in the EA, and how TOGAF for EA support adopting SOA.
Here is an attempt to address that...
Over the years, organizations have maintained and developed multiple systems providing similar business capabilities across many different geographies. This scenario can be seen in many business areas within the organisation and it becomes increasingly difficult to figure out how to rationalize this fragmented and complex application landscape. By developing a ‘Unified Product Model’, one can develop a capability blueprint for all the applications serving similar functions and then use this blueprint to streamline the application landscape, thereby reducing the complexity and bringing agility. This paper is based on the work carried out for a major Financial Service client to simplify their complex landscape.
General Methodology for developing UML models from UI ijwscjournal
In recent past every discipline and every industry have their own methods of developing products. It may be software development, mechanics, construction, psychology and so on. These demarcations work fine as long as the requirements are within one discipline. However, if the project extends over several disciplines, interfaces have to be created and coordinated between the methods of these disciplines.
Performance is an important quality aspect of Web Services because of their distributed nature. Predicting the performance of web services during early stages of software development is significant. In Industry, Prototype of these applications is developed during analysis phase of Software Development Life
Cycle (SDLC). However, Performance models are generated from UML models. Methodologies for predicting the performance from UML models is available. Hence, In this paper, a methodology for developing Use Case model and Activity model from User Interface is presented. The methodology is illustrated with a case study on Amazon.com.
BUSINESS SILOS INTEGRATION USING SERVICE ORIENTED ARCHITECTUREIJCSEA Journal
Agile integration satisfies the business agility and provides solutions for maintaining business changes and ensures that the enterprise survives in the current competition. Any business should be robust enough to respond to end user request. Existing traditional enterprise applications are in-capable of integrating with
different business silos lacks to improve the business agility. To address this issue, this paper is about the agile integration of different business silos using “Service Oriented Architecture” and its core technologyenables the business enterprise systems flexible, loosely coupled and improves agility. Enterprise business
systems have to adopt Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) as it promises to help them respond more rapidly to changing business requirements by composing new solutions from existing business services. Here the definition of SOA, its layers and the core technologies have been discussed.
MODAClouds - Underpinning the Leap to DevOps Movement on Clouds scenariosOliver Barreto Rodríguez
MODAClouds - Underpinning the Leap to DevOps Movement on Clouds scenarios is a white paper made with the intention to provide insights of MODAClouds project and easily identify valueble usage by cloud players
Overcoming Ongoing Digital Transformational Challenges with a Microservices A...Cognizant
IT organizations must look beyond yesterday's monolithic Web applications and embrace microservices, whose loosely-coupled architectures speed development, testing and deployment.
Practical DoD Architecture Framework (DoDAF) with InnoslateElizabeth Steiner
DoDAF expert, Steve Dams explains Practical DoDAF and how to implement it through Innoslate, a systems engineering and program management tool. The slides explain the need for many dimensions to completely describe the architecture, including (risk, decisions, data, systems, components, organizations, etc). Learn how Architecture forms the foundation of dynamic analysis.
While going through in-depth on Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) and Enterprise Architecture (EA) as part of my Oracle SOA and TOGAF certification, I had questions as to how SOA fits in the EA, and how TOGAF for EA support adopting SOA.
Here is an attempt to address that...
Over the years, organizations have maintained and developed multiple systems providing similar business capabilities across many different geographies. This scenario can be seen in many business areas within the organisation and it becomes increasingly difficult to figure out how to rationalize this fragmented and complex application landscape. By developing a ‘Unified Product Model’, one can develop a capability blueprint for all the applications serving similar functions and then use this blueprint to streamline the application landscape, thereby reducing the complexity and bringing agility. This paper is based on the work carried out for a major Financial Service client to simplify their complex landscape.
General Methodology for developing UML models from UI ijwscjournal
In recent past every discipline and every industry have their own methods of developing products. It may be software development, mechanics, construction, psychology and so on. These demarcations work fine as long as the requirements are within one discipline. However, if the project extends over several disciplines, interfaces have to be created and coordinated between the methods of these disciplines.
Performance is an important quality aspect of Web Services because of their distributed nature. Predicting the performance of web services during early stages of software development is significant. In Industry, Prototype of these applications is developed during analysis phase of Software Development Life
Cycle (SDLC). However, Performance models are generated from UML models. Methodologies for predicting the performance from UML models is available. Hence, In this paper, a methodology for developing Use Case model and Activity model from User Interface is presented. The methodology is illustrated with a case study on Amazon.com.
BUSINESS SILOS INTEGRATION USING SERVICE ORIENTED ARCHITECTUREIJCSEA Journal
Agile integration satisfies the business agility and provides solutions for maintaining business changes and ensures that the enterprise survives in the current competition. Any business should be robust enough to respond to end user request. Existing traditional enterprise applications are in-capable of integrating with
different business silos lacks to improve the business agility. To address this issue, this paper is about the agile integration of different business silos using “Service Oriented Architecture” and its core technologyenables the business enterprise systems flexible, loosely coupled and improves agility. Enterprise business
systems have to adopt Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) as it promises to help them respond more rapidly to changing business requirements by composing new solutions from existing business services. Here the definition of SOA, its layers and the core technologies have been discussed.
MODAClouds - Underpinning the Leap to DevOps Movement on Clouds scenariosOliver Barreto Rodríguez
MODAClouds - Underpinning the Leap to DevOps Movement on Clouds scenarios is a white paper made with the intention to provide insights of MODAClouds project and easily identify valueble usage by cloud players
International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Information Techno...ijcseit
Software as a Service (SaaS) becomes in this decade the focus of many enterprises and research. SaaS
provides software application as Web based delivery to server many customers. This sharing of
infrastructure and application provided by Saas has a great benefit to customers, since it reduces costs,
minimizes risks, improves their competitive positioning, as well as seeks out innovative. SaaS application is
generally developed with standardized software functionalities to serve as many customers as
possible.However many customers ask to change the standardized provided functions according to their
specific business needs, and this can be achieve through the configuration and customization provided by
the SaaS vendor.Allowing many customers to change software configurations without impacting others
customers and with preserving security and efficiency of the provided services, becomes a big challenge to
SaaS vendors, who are oblige to design new strategies and architectures. Multi-tenancy (MT) architectures
allow multiple customers to be consolidated into the same operational system without changing anything in
the vendor source code. In this paper, we will present how the configuration can be done on an ERP web
application in a Multi-Tenancy SaaS environment.
Software as a Service (SaaS) becomes in this decade the focus of many enterprises and research. SaaS
provides software application as Web based delivery to server many customers. This sharing of
infrastructure and application provided by Saas has a great benefit to customers, since it reduces costs,
minimizes risks, improves their competitive positioning, as well as seeks out innovative. SaaS application is
generally developed with standardized software functionalities to serve as many customers as
possible.However many customers ask to change the standardized provided functions according to their
specific business needs, and this can be achieve through the configuration and customization provided by
the SaaS vendor.Allowing many customers to change software configurations without impacting others
customers and with preserving security and efficiency of the provided services, becomes a big challenge to
SaaS vendors, who are oblige to design new strategies and architectures. Multi-tenancy (MT) architectures
allow multiple customers to be consolidated into the same operational system without changing anything in
the vendor source code. In this paper, we will present how the configuration can be done on an ERP web
application in a Multi-Tenancy SaaS environment
Software as a Service (SaaS) becomes in this decade the focus of many enterprises and research. SaaS
provides software application as Web based delivery to server many customers. This sharing of
infrastructure and application provided by Saas has a great benefit to customers, since it reduces costs,
minimizes risks, improves their competitive positioning, as well as seeks out innovative. SaaS application is
generally developed with standardized software functionalities to serve as many customers as
possible.However many customers ask to change the standardized provided functions according to their
specific business needs, and this can be achieve through the configuration and customization provided by
the SaaS vendor.Allowing many customers to change software configurations without impacting others
customers and with preserving security and efficiency of the provided services, becomes a big challenge to
SaaS vendors, who are oblige to design new strategies and architectures. Multi-tenancy (MT) architectures
allow multiple customers to be consolidated into the same operational system without changing anything in
the vendor source code. In this paper, we will present how the configuration can be done on an ERP web
application in a Multi-Tenancy SaaS environment.
Abstract - Various aspects of three proposed architectures for distributed software are examined. A Crucial need to
create an ideal model for optimal architecture which meets the needs of the organization for flexibility, extensibility
and integration, to fulfill exhaustive performance for potential talents processes and opportunities in the corporations
a permanent and ongoing need. The excellence of the proposed architecture is demonstrated by presenting a rigor scenario based proof of adaptively and compatibility of the architecture in cases of merging and varying organizations, where the whole structure of hierarchies is revised.
Keywords: ERP, Data-centric architecture, architecture Component-based, Plug in architecture, distributed systems
General Methodology for developing UML models from UIijwscjournal
In recent past every discipline and every industry have their own methods of developing products. It may
be software development, mechanics, construction, psychology and so on. These demarcations work fine
as long as the requirements are within one discipline. However, if the project extends over several
disciplines, interfaces have to be created and coordinated between the methods of these disciplines.
Performance is an important quality aspect of Web Services because of their distributed nature.
Predicting the performance of web services during early stages of software development is significant. In
Industry, Prototype of these applications is developed during analysis phase of Software Development Life
Cycle (SDLC). However, Performance models are generated from UML models. Methodologies for
predicting the performance from UML models is available. Hence, In this paper, a methodology for
developing Use Case model and Activity model from User Interface is presented. The methodology is
illustrated with a case study on Amazon.com.
General Methodology for developing UML models from UIijwscjournal
In recent past every discipline and every industry have their own methods of developing products. It may be software development, mechanics, construction, psychology and so on. These demarcations work fine as long as the requirements are within one discipline. However, if the project extends over several disciplines, interfaces have to be created and coordinated between the methods of these disciplines. Performance is an important quality aspect of Web Services because of their distributed nature. Predicting the performance of web services during early stages of software development is significant. In Industry, Prototype of these applications is developed during analysis phase of Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC). However, Performance models are generated from UML models. Methodologies for predicting the performance from UML models is available. Hence, In this paper, a methodology for developing Use Case model and Activity model from User Interface is presented. The methodology is illustrated with a case study on Amazon.com.
General Methodology for developing UML models from UIijwscjournal
In recent past every discipline and every industry have their own methods of developing products. It may be software development, mechanics, construction, psychology and so on. These demarcations work fine as long as the requirements are within one discipline. However, if the project extends over several disciplines, interfaces have to be created and coordinated between the methods of these disciplines. Performance is an important quality aspect of Web Services because of their distributed nature. Predicting the performance of web services during early stages of software development is significant. In Industry, Prototype of these applications is developed during analysis phase of Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC). However, Performance models are generated from UML models. Methodologies for predicting the performance from UML models is available. Hence, In this paper, a methodology for developing Use Case model and Activity model from User Interface is presented. The methodology is illustrated with a case study on Amazon.com.
General Methodology for developing UML models from UIijwscjournal
In recent past every discipline and every industry have their own methods of developing products. It may
be software development, mechanics, construction, psychology and so on. These demarcations work fine
as long as the requirements are within one discipline. However, if the project extends over several
disciplines, interfaces have to be created and coordinated between the methods of these disciplines.
Performance is an important quality aspect of Web Services because of their distributed nature.
Predicting the performance of web services during early stages of software development is significant. In
Industry, Prototype of these applications is developed during analysis phase of Software Development Life
Cycle (SDLC). However, Performance models are generated from UML models. Methodologies for
predicting the performance from UML models is available. Hence, In this paper, a methodology for
developing Use Case model and Activity model from User Interface is presented. The methodology is
illustrated with a case study on Amazon.com
Contemporary research challenges and applications of service oriented archite...Dr. Shahanawaj Ahamad
Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) is distributed architectural framework that provides service-based
solutions for improving the effectiveness of enterprise’s IT infrastructure. In this framework, technical and
business processes are implemented as services. A service is an independent software application that has been
designed to perform a specific function with emphasis on loose coupling between interacting services and their
components. SOA permits developers to utilize many of the resources from existing services to form the
distributed applications. This study has investigated to highlight the emerging issues of SOA such as service
structures advancement, requirements of evolution for current age applications like mobile-cloud, medical and
mechanism for interoperable operations. The paper also uncovers the practical application domains of SOA. It
has identified research attentions in these domains with detection of issues to carry further research to
overcome constraints in current scenarios.
MULTIVIEW SOA : EXTENDING SOA USING A PRIVATE CLOUD COMPUTING AS SAAS AND DAASijseajournal
This work is based on two major areas, the Multiview Service Oriented Architecture and the combination between the computing cloud and MV-SOA. Thus, it is suggested to extend firstly the service oriented architecture (SOA) into an architecture called MV-SOA by adding two components, the Multiview service generator, whose role is to transform the classic service into Multiview service, and the data base, this component seeks to stock all of consumer service information. It is also suggested to combine the computing cloud and Multiview Service Oriented Architecture MVSOA. To reach such combination, the
MVSOA architecture was taken and we added to the client-side a private cloud in SaaS and DaaS.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
1.4 modern child centered education - mahatma gandhi-2.pptx
WEB PORTAL INTEGRATION ARCHITECTURE APPROACHES
1. International Journal on Web Service Computing (IJWSC), Vol.3, No.3, September 2012
DOI : 10.5121/ijwsc.2012.3304 39
WEB PORTAL INTEGRATION ARCHITECTURE
APPROACHES
Dr. T. G. K. Vasista1
, Dr. Mohammed A. T. AlSudairi2
Vice Rector Office of Business Development,
King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
1
gtatapudi@ksu.edu.sa
2
mas@ksu.edu.sa
ABSTRACT
Enterprise Modelling with Web portal integration architecture requires investment of advanced architec-
tural thinking into definition of services before any development of services or service consumers can be-
gin. Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) is gradually replacing monolithic architecture as the premier de-
sign principle for new business applications with its inherently systematic nature and capability. Earlier
efforts of notable styles of SOA such as CORBA and XATMI have failed to be adopted as main stream pro-
jects because of demanding design process requirement with sense-making activities and even have been
residing with the modern SOA or Web services middleware. In this paper it is aimed to incorporate sense-
making design activities with the proposed semantic web service based architecture. This paper tries to
tackle the above problem by proposing a service-oriented architecture for web data and service integra-
tion. A gen-Spec architectural pattern has been suggested and adopted in order to tackle the problem.
Firstly, it proposes a service-oriented platform independent architecture and Secondly, it presents a specif-
ic deployment of such architecture for data and service integration on the web using semantic web services
implemented with the WSMO (Web Services Modeling Ontology).
KEYWORDS
Model Driven Architecture, Platform Independent Integration Architecture, Platform Specific Integration
Architecture, SOA Architecture, Web Portal Integration Architecture Approaches.
1. INTRODUCTION
An enterprise modelling process that follows object oriented approach is a set of partially ordered
steps intended to reach the objective of building a fully integrated, dynamic, object-oriented
model of the enterprise. An abstract mechanism is proposed to enable this process [16]. Gen-Spec
is a fundamental structural relation between two entities denoting the fact that the specialized en-
tities share common features, states and structural and procedural inks with the generalizing entity
[17]. The process is usually generic because it applies to most types of enterprises. Enterprise
models are the products developed from the process and these can be used by various stake-
holders in an organisation for the purpose of providing them (a) an understanding on the enter-
prise (b) an integrated information systems design (c) a model that can address change manage-
ment (d) how a model or a framework can be made reusable [16].
Service-Oriented Architectures are particularly well suited to cope up with the needs of such an
ongoing incremental process optimization [6] as represented by Capability Maturity Model Inte-
gration (CMMI). CMMI in software engineering and organizational development is a process im-
2. International Journal on Web Service Computing (IJWSC), Vol.3, No.2, September 2012
40
provement approach that provides organizations with the essential elements for effective process
improvement [15] with the characteristics of the maturity levels as given in Table 1.1
Table 1.1 Characteristics of CMMI Levels [15]
Maturity
Level No.
Maturity level
Title
Maturity Level
Description
Level 1 Initial Processes unpredictable, poorly
controlled and reactive.
Level 2 Managed Process characterized for projects
and is often reactive
Level 3 Defined Process characterized for the
organisation and is proactive
Level 4 Quantitatively Managed Process Measured and Controlled
Level 5 Optimizing Focus on Process Improvement
When making architectural decisions, one must carefully analyze the advantages and disadvan-
tages of the level of coupling [2, 3]. Generally speaking, OLTP (online transaction processing)
style applications, as they are found throughout large enterprises, do not normally require a high
degree of loose coupling, as these applications are tightly coupled by their nature. ERP systems
are usually found suitable for such kind of single large monolithic representation and handling
[6]. But the recent trend in Globalization is increasing the scale and complexity of the modern en-
terprises by forcing the enterprise to be represented as a global network consisting of multiple
units and functions [12, 13]. So when business processes are highly distributed, the different sub-
processes and transactions are generally more independent of each other or more loosely coupled.
Loose coupling though increases the flexibility, increases the complexity. The enterprise software
architecture is the architect’s most important tool at hand to confront the changes to and expan-
sion of functionality that increase system complexity and reduce efficiency [11]. Thus in enter-
prise software, the architect takes on the roles as an outside influencer and controller. It is his re-
sponsibility to oversee individual software projects from the strategic point of view of the overall
organisation, as well as from the tactical, goal-oriented viewpoint of the individual project. He
has to balance different requirements while attempting to create an enduring order within the en-
terprise software landscape. By technique of refactoring the current solutions, architects con-
stantly strive to reduce complexity and thereby the agility of the system (See Figure 1.1) [6].
Fig 1.1 Software architects use refactoring to fight the constant increase in system complexity [6]
Different tools support architectural design and test case generation. Users of these tools want
them to work together to fully support the user’s design and development process. Thus tool inte-
gration is intended to produce complete environments that support the CMMI model based soft-
3. International Journal on Web Service Computing (IJWSC), Vol.3, No.2, September 2012
41
ware development life cycle of maturity levels. There are five types of tool integration issues that
must be addressed. These can be termed platform integration, presentation integration, data inte-
gration, control integration and process integration [14].
Service-Oriented Computing (SOC) arises as a new paradigm for distributing applications which
envisions services as fundamental elements for developing applications [9].
So X-as-a-Service kind of pattern is what SOA is suggesting in terms of cloud computing termi-
nology by adopting the basic principle SOA’s loose coupling technique where the above five
types of tool integration issues can be represented as SOA based services. Where X-as-a-Service
can be replaced with Platform-as-a-Service (PlaaS), Presentation-as-a-Service (PraaS1), Data-as-
a-Service (DaaaS), Control-as-a-Service (CoaaS) and Process-as-a-Service (Praas2) in cloud
computing terminology that are available independently as loosely coupled services.
As design and development of SOA applications are inherently systematic [7], this is of particular
importance for enterprises, when given their need to become more agile in order to react as
quickly as possible to changing business environments and offer new services to customers, sup-
pliers and partners that make a difference with respect to competition. SOAs can help to signifi-
cantly reduce complexity at all levels. SOAs achieve their simplicity by following features: De-
composition-SOAs decompose large systems into application frontends and services; Appropriate
granularity-The granularity of services is well suited to gain a high-level understanding of the en-
tire system; Loose coupling by SOA architectural patterns can be Decoupled using technology-
SOAs can be well understood without in-depth knowledge of technology; Reuse-SOAs result in
the high level reuse of existing components; Documentation – SOA based services are well
documented due to service contract to provide comprehensive understanding [6].
2. PLATFORM INDEPENDENT INTEGRATION ARCHITECTURE
In order to get a web portal integration architecture that can be used in different domains, it is im-
portant first to design a platform-independent architecture [1]. The key to successful integration
and interoperability lies in the intelligent use and management of metadata across all applications,
tools and databases. Metadata management and integration can be accomplished through the use
of the OMG’s core MDA standards such as CWM, UML, MOF and XMI [10], where:
CWM stands for Common Warehouse Meta-model – It is a meta-model of the data model
representing both the business and technical metadata that is most often found in the data
warehousing and business analysis domains. CWMs are intended to be highly generic, ex-
ternal representations of shared metadata [10]. It requires the use of generalization and ab-
straction technique to translate the product-specifics to generics through standard exten-
sion mechanism making it compatible to CWM format [10].
UML stands for Unified Modelling Language – It is used for expressing in the Unified
Modelling Language, which is an OMG standard language for modelling discrete systems
by Rumbaugh. UML is the notational basis for the definition of CWM. Visual UML mod-
els are capable of automatic translation to other visual or non-visual formal languages to
facilitate the support for interchange of CWM models in various platform and tool inde-
pendent formats (e.g., XML) as well as the construction of tool-specific metadata from
CWM models (e.g. translation of a CWM relational model into SQLDDL statements that
actually build the schema) [10].
MOF stands for Meta Object Facility- It is an OMG standard defining a common, abstract
language for the specification of meta-models. MOF is an example of meta-meta-model or
4. International Journal on Web Service Computing (IJWSC), Vol.3, No.2, September 2012
42
model of the meta-model (also called as ontology). The MOF’s support for the model life
cycle semantics means that MOF implementation provides an effective metadata authoring
and publishing tool, when combined with support for visual modelling. For example a
fully MOF-compliant repository must provide a significant number of metadata services
that as: persistence, versioning and directory services [10].
XMI stands for XML Metadata Interchange (XMI) - It is an OMG standard that maps the
MOF to the W3C’s eXtensible Markup Language (XML). XMI defines how XML tags are
used to represent serialized MOF-compliant models in XML. MOF based meta-models are
translated to XML Document Type Definitions (DTDs) and models are translated into
XML documents that are consistent with their DTDs. XMI based interchange is so impor-
tant in distributed and heterogeneous environments as the communication of content is
both self-described and inherently asynchronous [10].
Object Management Group’s Model-Drive Architecture (MDA) is an approach to system-specific
and interoperability based on the use of formal models. In MDA, platform-independent models
are initially expressed in a platform-independent modelling language such as UML. The platform
independent model is subsequently translated into a platform specific model by mapping plat-
form-independent models into some implementation language (e.g. Java) or platform using for-
mal rules. The core standards of MDA such as CWM, UML, MOF and XMI form the basis for
building coherent schemes for authoring, publishing and managing models within a model-driven
architecture [10].
Fig. 2.1 Example of a Realization of Model-Driven Architecture [10]
Metadata is critical to all aspects of interoperability within heterogeneous environment. In fact In-
teroperability is achieved by means of metadata [10], which is being used to provide system se-
mantic definitions and capabilities facilitated in the form of standard APIs. Any MDA based sys-
tem must have the ability to store, manage and publish both application and system-level
metadata including descriptions of the environment itself.
The platform-independent architecture [1] (See Figure 2.2) aims to offer service-based platform
independent architecture for web portal integration.
Fig. 2.2 External view of WSMX Architecture [1]
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Web Service Execution Environment (WSMX) is a reference implementation for Web Service
Modelling Ontology (WSMO) [1]. Its goal is to provide both a test bed for SMO and to demon-
strate the viability of using WSMO as a means to achieve dynamic inter-operation of Semantic
Web Services (SWS). The first version of WSMX provides the architecture needed for a middle-
ware-based platform for integration, and as such it is concerned with dynamic discovery, media-
tion, selection and invocation and an implementation of these components.
2.1. Description of the Functional Usage of WSMX
Web Service Markup Language (WSML) descriptions of Web Services, ontologies, mediators
and goals are sent to Web Service Execution Environment (WSMX) through Web Service Model-
ling Ontology (WSMO) editor for compilation. A back-end application creates a service require-
ment in a known source format and sends this to the WSMX adapter. The adapter takes the ser-
vice requirement and translates it into a WSML message consisting of a goal that describes what a
WSMX should execute. The goal is then sent to WSMX for execution. Before WSMX can exe-
cute the goal, WSML descriptions of the WS offering, the capability of matching the service re-
quirement of the ontologies these WS use, and the source format ontology must have been created
using User Interface (WSMO editor) are compiled to WSMX. When WSMX receives the WSML
message with specific goal, it discovers the WS that best matches that goal, mediates the service
requirement data following mapping rules between the source format ontology and the ontology
of the discovered WS and finally invokes it, providing the data to it in the concepts and formats it
expects [1].
Whereas metadata acts as control abstraction layer [5], the remaining g four generic and impor-
tant layers from service based system integration perspective are Interaction, Process, Function
and Data as against inclusion of Platform-as-a-Service for platform specific integration architec-
ture (See Figure 2.1.1.).
Fig. 2.1.1 Remaining Four Layers of Platform Independent Service
Classification and Reference Schema [8]
3. INTEGRATING MULTI-AGENT SYSTEMS (MAS) AND SEMANTIC WEB
SERVICES (SWS)
The general idea of the approach to integrate MAS and SWS is given in Figures 3.1 & 3.2. For
both Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) as well as Semantic Web Services (SWS), model transforma-
tions to the platform specific levels were provided by applying principles of model-driven devel-
opment [4].
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44
Fig. 3.1 Approach to Integration [4]
Fig. 3.2 Model-Driven Semantic Web Service Match Making [4]
This integration is based on a platform independent meta-model for agents and a platform inde-
pendent meta-model for semantic web services.
For Semantic Web Services, a model-driven semantic web services matchmaker agent is designed
(See Figure 3.2) that discovers semantic services independent of selected description formats
(OWL-S), (WSML) and (SAWSDL). The model-driven semantic service matchmaker (MDSM)
performs an automatic service retrieval applying existing matchmakers (i.e. OWL-MX and
WSMO-MX) for different formats and returns the most similar matches to the user [4].
4. PLATFORM-SPECIFIC INTEGRATION ARCHITECTURE
WSMO and OWL-S can be used as the specific platform to deploy the platform-independent ser-
vice oriented architecture.
This section shows the specific deployment of the platform-independent architecture to a platform
specific one using WSMO in the form of Table 4.1 that presents the transformation needed to de-
ploy the platform independent architecture in the selected platform specific technology.
7. International Journal on Web Service Computing (IJWSC), Vol.3, No.2, September 2012
45
Table 4.1 Correspondence between platform-independent and platform specific architectures [1]
For Multi-Agent Systems, model transformations from the platform independent to the platform
specific meta-models for JACK and JADE are defined as shown in the figure 3.1 [4].
It is interesting to note that there is another potential layer of service abstraction called Structure-
as-a-Service (StaaS) that could be included by providing a subclass hierarchy of nested service
categories, which serve as component types that can be applied to services. This structural per-
spective is complemented by the service connectivity. This structural perspective acts as reference
architecture constraints from organisational and connectivity perspective on platform oriented
runtime services (for e. g., See Figure 4.1).
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46
Fig 4.1 Structural Perspective as a reference architecture constraint–organisational and connectivity per-
spective on platform oriented runtime services [8]
5. CONCLUSION
Since the advent of the Internet, several works have gone a long way towards resolving the web
integration problem. Our effort in this regard is to propose two kinds of architecture based solu-
tions: (1) Platform Independent architecture based on service oriented paradigm for web portal in-
tegration and (2) Platform specific architecture. It is interesting to note that the following abstrac-
tion levels-as-a-service kind of pattern has been observed to be part of the cloud computing
paradigm. They are: Structure-as-a-Service, Process-as-a-Service, Control-as-a-Service, Presenta-
tion-as-a-Service, Data-as-a-Service for Platform Independent Architecture Solutions and Plat-
form-as-a-Service get added or included for platform-specific architecture.
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Authors
Dr. Al-Sudairi is currently working as an Associate Professor in College of Business Ad-
ministration for MIS Department at King Saud University at Riyadh, KSA. He obtained
Two Masters one in Economic and another in Business MIS from USA and a Doctorate on
EDI and E-Business from University of Leicester, UK. His interested areas include IT, E-
Business, E-Commerce, Information Systems Strategy and ERP. He has publications in
reputed journals and conferences
Dr. TGK Vasista is currently working as Researcher at King Saud University, Riyadh,
KSA. He obtained a Doctorate in Information Technology from St. Linus University,
West Indies, a Master’s from University of Roorkee (Now called IIT-Roorkee), India
And a Post-Graduate Diploma in E-Governance from University of Mysore, India. He
Has former experiences in the field of IT as a programmer analyst in USA and as a sen-
ior Lecturer/Asst. Professor in academ ic field in the area of Systems and IT, E-Business
and E-Governance.