Teaching is a complex process that involves imparting knowledge from a teacher to a student. It requires planning, implementing lessons, and evaluating student learning. Effective teaching considers student needs and utilizes various methods appropriate for the topic, student, and learning environment. Qualities of a good teacher include subject knowledge, strong communication skills, enthusiasm, and the ability to motivate and support students. Teachers play many roles in education including leader, facilitator, mentor, and social engineer.

2. TEACHING
 Teaching is an important part of the process of
education. Its special function is to impart
knowledge, develop understanding and skills
 Teaching is usually associated with 3Rs READING,
WRITING, and ARITHMETIC.
 Teaching is a relationship which is established
among three focal points in education , TEACHER
, STUDENT and SUBJECT MATTER
 Teaching is a process by which the teacher brings
the student and the subject matter together.

3. Aspects of teaching
 Who to teach?
 Whom to teach?
 Why to teach?
 What to teach?
 How to teach?
 When to teach?
 Where to teach?

4. Nature and characteristics of teaching
 Teaching is a tri polar process.
 Teaching is an interactive process.
 Teaching is an art as well as science.
 Teaching is both formal and informal.
 Teaching is conscious as well as unconscious process.
 Teaching takes place in some social setup.
 Teaching is dynamic.
 Teaching is dominated by communication skill.
 Teaching is task oriented.
 Teaching is telling, showing and doing.
 Teaching is face to face interaction
 Teaching facilitates learning.
 Teaching is therapy to learners.
 Teaching is guiding the child.

5. Functions of teaching
 Creating a learning situation.
 Motivating child to learn
 Arranging for conditions which assist in the growth of
the child’s mind and body.
 Inspire children.
 Giving information and explaining it.
 Diagnosing learning problem.
 Make curricular materials.
 Evaluate, recording, and reporting.

6. Phases of teaching
TEACHING
PREACTIVE
PHASE
(Planning stage)
INTERACTIVE
PHASE
(implementing
stage)
POST ACTIVE
PHASE
(Evaluation)

7. TEACHING LEARNING PROCESS
Teaching learning process have 4 main aspects
 Teacher
 Learner
 Learning process
 Learning environment

8. Maxims of teaching
It is a statement showing general content
 Simple to complex
 Known to unknown
 Seen to unseen
 Particular to general
 Concrete to abstract
 Whole to part
 Analysis to synthesis
 Indefinite to definite
 Empirical to rational
 Psychological to logical

9. Benefits of maxims of teaching
 Simplifies the process of teaching
 Concrete joyful teaching and learning
environment.
 Brings in purposeful teaching.
 Develops analysis and synthesis abilities of
student.
 Develop scientific attitude and critical thinking in
students.
 Learning by doing is possible.

10. Changing concept of classroom
environment
The methodologies are shifted from teacher
centeredness to learner centeredness. Now the
learner is not a passive listener but active
constructor of knowledge. So following
changes in classroom environment can be
observed

11. FLEXIBILITY: The structure of the class is not fixed. It is to be
flexible for group discussion, activities, experiments etc.
STUDENT NATURE: The classrooms are inclusive with differently
able students which nececcitas special facilities and provisions in
the classrooms.
LEARNING LABS: The classrooms are closely linked with society:
interact with social groups and utilizes social resources.
ICT INTEGRATED: The classrooms are smart classes in the sense
that they are linked with web services to bring the world to the
classes. Classrooms are equipped with computers, LCD and
interactive white board etc.
CREATIVE WORKSHOPS: The classrooms are creative stations
where the learners generate novel and creative plans and designs
and display for all.

12. Virtual learning environment
 VLE is a set of teaching and learning tools designed to
enhance a student’s learning experience by including
computers and the internet in the learning process.
 VLE are a popular method of e-learning which refers to
learning through electronic means. While a VLE cannot
fully replace the traditional classroom, it can be a useful
way of learning students who reside in many different
locations.

13. Teacher competencies
 Subject competencies
 Transactional competencies
 Personal competencies
Competencies related to co-curricular activities
Competencies to develop teaching and learning
materials
Evaluation competency
Management competency
Competency related to working with parents
Competency to work with the community and
other agencies

14. Qualities of a teacher
T- thoughtful , trustworthy, tolerant, talented
E-efficient energetic, enthusiastic
A-affectionate
C-confident, caring, curious, committed, character
H- honest, hardworking, humorous
E-empathetic
R-responsible, resourceful

15. Multiple roles of teacher
 Teacher as a leader
 Teacher as a knowledge worker
 Teacher as a facilitator
 Teacher as a mentor
 Teacher as a scaffold
 Teacher as a social engineer

16. Teacher as a leader
 Demonstrate skills and qualities so that learners
are motivated to follow.
 Ensure the group cohesion of the classroom.
 Resourceful in decision-making.
 Coordinate all the activities of the class as well as
school.
 Support to satisfy the need of learners.

17. Teacher as a knowledge worker
 Impart knowledge and skills of learners.
 Facilitate knowledge construction by learners.
 Promote creativity to generate new knowledge.
 Be a lifelong learner by seeking knowledge.
 Interpret and analyse information to right
knowledge.
 Apply knowledge for the right choice.

18. Teacher as a facilitator
 Promote learning by providing conductive
environment.
 Promote student interaction and collaboration.
 Motivate to continue the learning process.
 Encourage for active learning.
 Clarify the doubts and clear the barriers in
learning.

19. Teacher as a mentor
 Be a parent for learner.
 Provide emotional support for learning.
 Help to overcome the problems and stress of
learning.
 Make the learner to feel safe in the school.
 Be a dependable and loyal person for the student.
 Be a resourceful in the needs of the learner.

20. Teacher as a scaffold
 Be a support of the learner.
 Provide full support in initial stages.
 Give a hand whenever the learner has difficulties.
 Be knowledgeable person to transfer values, culture
and language.
 Make the learner an independent problem solver

21. Teacher as social engineer
 Make the learner aware of the society.
 Expand the classroom to the society.
 Utilise social resources to make teaching effective .
 Demonstrate social skills.
 Encourage cooperative learning process.
 Integrate social issues in teaching learning process.
 Conscientise on the essential social roles of
learners.