This document discusses effective and innovative teaching. It defines teaching as an activity aimed at inducing learning through a teacher's deliberate efforts. Effective teaching considers each student's individual needs and involves a knowledgeable teacher who uses various methods. Components of effective teaching include subject knowledge, helping students, appropriate presentation, motivation, and fair evaluation. Innovative teaching methods make the learning process interesting and include group discussion, activities, projects, role-playing, laboratories, demonstrations, concept mapping, and games. These learner-centered approaches encourage active participation and higher retention compared to traditional teacher-centered methods.

1. Welcome to the Session on
Effective and innovative
Teaching
By Shujaat Ali
Faculty PDCN

2. Your Time
 Describe teaching in few sentences
 Recall about an experience of a
good lesson you taught or you were
taught
 What is effective teaching
 How our teaching can be a quality
teaching?

3. What is Teaching?
 Teaching as an activity, consisting of a body of actions
and contents planned and directed towards inducing
learning through conscious and deliberate efforts of a
teacher to learner.
 A teacher in this situation is expected to be a
professional, who should consciously and deliberately
utilize his or her wealth of experience, training skills,
competencies right attitudes, interests, content master
with the help of instructional materials, methods and
skills to facilitate the less experienced individual
learners. The product of teaching is learning.

4. Effective Teaching
 Effective teaching as a process related to the teachers
actively conscious of the individuality of each of the
child, including his/her needs, strengths, weaknesses,
growth patterns and background of experiences.
 A situation whereby the teacher is vast in attainment,
knowledge and skills as well as possession of certain
pre-requisites and acceptable practices within the codes
of ethics of teaching profession.

5. Components of Effective Teaching
Obi (2003) identifies five components
of effective teaching to include:
 knowledge of the subject matter
 ability to help students with their
works
 Presenting subject matter
appropriately.
 Motivating students to excel and
 Fairness in guides and grading of
examination.

6. Components of Effective Teaching
 Elements of effective teaching according to Kanno (1997)
comprises of :
 purposeful teaching,
 planned-teaching,
 content-mastery teaching ,
 conceptual-skills display,
 instructionally-aided teaching,
 creativity-skill teaching
 goal attainment teaching.

7. Expected qualities of an effective teacher
include:
 Having a clear voice
 Speaking at a moderate rate
 Using languages/terminologies easily
understood
 Boldness and friendliness
 Close observation/supervision of the
students
 Being a model
 Being dynamic, enthusiastic, creative
and innovative
 Seeking knowledge for up-dating

8. Innovative Teaching
 Innovation is the ability to
introduce something new. The
existing teaching methods
require some level of
innovativeness to make teaching
and learning an interesting and
worthwhile activity.
 Teaching methods are supposed
to serve as arousers and
sustainers of learners’ interest
throughout the lesson

9. Teaching Approach
 Teaching as a tool in achieving the purpose of the
teaching learning process in outside the classroom
setting. This is illustrated with Chinese conclusion on
teaching and strategy, saying
I hear - I forget
I see - I remember
I do - I understand

10. Teaching Approach
The above illustration agrees with Edgar Dale observing that
people generally remember.
10% of what they read
20% of what they hear
30% of what they see
50% of what they hear and see
70% of what they say (Collaboration)
90% of what they say as they do

11. 11
Dale's Cone of learning according to the media
involved in learning experiences

12. Approaches of Teaching Methods
 Teacher- Centered Method (TCM)
The approach does not
 encourage necessary interactions in the teaching and
learning situation;
 allow the learners participate actively in the classroom
activities;
 promote development of desirable skills, attitudes and
values in the learners.
 encourage the learner to use their initiatives and develop
self-confidence but
 encourages rote learning.

13. Learner Centered- Method (LCM
 LCM is currently being emphasized because of its
ability to:
 encourage active participation of the learners in the
teaching and learning process.
 encourage active participation and interaction among
learners, the teacher and other components
 encourage and promote the development of skills.
 encourage the learner to develop and use their own
initiatives
 discourage rote learning and passivity in the
classroom on the part of the learner

14. Innovative Teaching Methods
 The innovative existing teaching
methods demand that no one
teaching method is adequate for
effective teaching and learning of a
concept or subject-matter. A cluster
of teaching methods could serve as
a teaching method to ensure
effective teaching and leaning

15. Discussion method
 This employs more of class interaction and expression of
opinion as its major strategy of instructional delivery.
 Each learner is given ample opportunities to contribute to
the topic focused upon.
 The classroom has a democratic atmosphere, which elicits
effective participation from the students. The teacher acts
as moderator of the discussion
 All forms of questioning techniques are employed to elicit
responses from students.
 Learners are actively involved, they see classroom and
learning tasks as challenging, conductive, stimulating and
interesting

16. Activity Method:
 This suggests the capacity of being active and
readiness to do activities by the learners in the
classroom situation. Activity makes teaching and
learning real.
 This agrees with Chinese teaching strategy for
effective learning – when I see and do, I learn
 better and remember better.

17. Project Method:
 Project method is a systematic planned undertaking of a
set of tasks by the learners in which a given period of
time is allocated and learners are taught with special
reference to the project or sites. This encourages
independent learning, creativity and originality.
 It is used to supplement formal classroom teachings.
This method is very apt in achieving self-reliance and
life-long skills

18. Role Playing
 This is specially a form of acting. Learners are
allowed to pick roles in a human life situation such
as family (father, mother and children) and its
functions or family problems as the case maybe.
 The method is good at attitude development,
mastery of decision-making skills and
improvement of communication skills

19. Laboratory Method:
 This method emphasizes observation, exploration and
experimentation. This is mostly in use in science
teaching. Some of these steps are involved:
 identification of a problem,
 confrontation with puzzling situations, observation,
 formulating of hypotheses,
 verification, experimentation,
 organization, explanation,
 reflection, inference and conclusion.

20. Demonstration:
 This involves displays,
exhibitions and use of
examples during practical
instructional practices.
 This method emphasizes
practical, tangibles, concrete
illustrations during lessons.
 Two senses are involved,
sense of hearing and seeing. It
guarantees about 50percent
learning.

21. Concept Mapping:
 This is a useful way of representing concepts in a
map and their relationship in two dimensional
structures for the learner to see and connect
relationships.
 It is a very powerful lesson summarizing
strategy.

22. Game:
 This is social activities that are played by two or more
people in to exhibit some positive knowledge,
attitudes, values and skills that can lead to a winner.
 This demands for proper planning by the teacher for
effectiveness. This makes teaching and learning very
natural, real, permanent and easy to recall. It also
creates environment for healthy competition.

23. Questions