General Characteristics of Amphibia | Dr.BGR Publications
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Amphibians like frogs and salamanders live both on land and in water. They are ectothermic, meaning they are cold-blooded and cannot regulate their own body temperature. Amphibians have smooth, moist skin without scales, two pairs of limbs for locomotion, and usually respire through lungs and skin with some possessing external gills. They reproduce sexually with external fertilization and undergo an indirect development with metamorphosis from an aquatic larval stage to a terrestrial adult stage.
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Phylum Arthropoda
History of arthropods.
Relation with annelids.
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Circulatory system.
Classification upto subphylum
Phylum Upto Classes
Metamrization
Tegmatization
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Exoskeleton
Metamorphoses
Habitat and Adaptations
Economic Gains
Economic Losses
Presentation
Best of Luck
Keynote ch. 12 vertebrates(2).key
Structure and function of Chordates; Vertebrates, Jawless fishes, Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, & Mammals
animal classification
The document summarizes the characteristics of different classes of fish. It discusses three main classes of fish: [1] Bony fish, which make up 95% of all fish and have skeletons made of bone; [2] Cartilaginous fish like sharks that have skeletons made of cartilage; and [3] Jawless fish like lampreys that do not have true jaws. The majority of fish fall under the class of bony fish.
animal classification
The document summarizes the characteristics of different classes of fish. It discusses three main types of fish: [1] bony fish which make up 95% of all fish and have skeletons made of bone, [2] cartilaginous fish such as sharks that have skeletons made of cartilage instead of bone, and [3] jawless fish such as lampreys and hagfish that are more primitive with rasping teeth but no true jaws. The majority of fish fall into the class of bony fish.
INSECT THERMO DYNAMICS
This document discusses thermoregulation in insects. It defines key terms like ectotherm, endotherm, and poikilotherm. While traditionally considered poikilothermic, some insects can maintain stable body temperatures through physiological and behavioral adaptations. Physiological adaptations include mechanisms for heat conservation during flight or evaporative cooling. Behavioral adaptations involve seeking optimal temperatures or clustering. Social insects also regulate hive/nest temperatures through fanning, water carrying, or clustering behaviors.
Presentation1
This document discusses the external structures and locomotion of amphibians. It describes how amphibians have moist skin that aids in respiration and maintains hydration. It also discusses breathing through lungs and skin, camouflage through color changes, poison glands for defense, vocal sacs for calling, and webbed feet or toe pads for different habitats. Locomotion is enabled through lung-based or skin-based breathing and feet adaptations.
Snakes and snake bites
Snake bites can cause local or systemic effects depending on the species of snake and amount of venom injected. For treatment, it is important to remain calm, immobilize the bitten area, clean the wound, and seek immediate medical help. At the hospital, antivenom is given to neutralize the toxins, and supportive care including monitoring of breathing, blood pressure and blood counts is provided. Full recovery depends on the severity of envenomation and timely administration of the right treatment.
Temperature Effect on cell
Introduction
2. Thermoregulation
3. Vant Hoff equation
4. Temperature effect on cells
5. Extreme cold : resistance and death
6. Extreme heat : resistance and lethal death
extreme habitats
Extreme habitats contain conditions that are difficult for most life to survive, such as very high or low temperatures, acidity or alkalinity levels, lack of water or oxygen, or presence of toxic substances. These habitats include alkaline, acidic, hot, cold, high salt, high pressure, high radiation, low water, and low oxygen environments. Extremophiles are organisms that thrive in these extreme conditions, such as the archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus, which grows best at 100°C, and the animal Spinoloricus cinziae, which does not require oxygen. Examples of extreme habitats include the alkaline and salty Mono Lake in California, the varied hot springs and geysers of Yellowstone
General character of reptiles
Reptiles are tetrapod vertebrates that first began living on land. They are cold-blooded with scaly skin and lay eggs on land. Their skin is covered in scales, scutes, or bony plates instead of hair or fur. They have lungs with a large surface area, a three-chambered heart (except crocodiles), and shed their skin through moulting.
Warm-blooded and Cold-blooded Animals
This document discusses and compares warm-blooded and cold-blooded animals. Cold-blooded animals, such as reptiles, amphibians, and fish, have body temperatures that fluctuate with the external environment. Their activity levels depend on temperature. Warm-blooded animals, including mammals and birds, maintain a constant internal temperature through metabolic processes and can live in a wide range of environments. Both types have advantages and disadvantages related to energy use and temperature regulation. Examples of common cold-blooded and warm-blooded species are also provided.
Empereur Penguin
This document summarizes information about emperor penguins. It describes their physical characteristics such as their large size, black and white coloring, and claws. It states that they live in Antarctica, requiring cold conditions to breed and feed. It estimates their population at around 200,000 breeding pairs and notes threats they face include predators, overfishing, oil spills, and rising temperatures due to climate change. The document recommends actions like reducing emissions and donating to conservation groups to help protect the species.
Biological classification
This document discusses biological classification. It provides an overview of the major classification systems proposed by Aristotle, Linnaeus, Haeckel, Copeland, Whittaker, and Woese. Whittaker's five kingdom system, which divides organisms into Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia, is described as the most widely accepted classification. Each kingdom is then defined, with Monera covering prokaryotes, Protista unicellular eukaryotes, Fungi heterotrophic organisms like mushrooms, Plantae photosynthetic eukaryotes, and Animalia multicellular organisms. Key aspects like nutrition, reproduction, and structure are outlined for representatives
Classification.pptx
This document summarizes different types of animals including reptiles, amphibians, fish, birds, and mammals. It provides key features such as having scales or feathers, whether they are warm or cold-blooded, examples of common names, their food sources, and habitats. For each category, it lists distinguishing characteristics in bullet points along with examples of names, typical diets, and where in the environment they can be found.
Reptilia classification by deepak rawal
This document summarizes a presentation about reptile classification given by Deepak Rawal. It discusses the general characteristics of reptiles and provides a classification of living reptiles into four orders: Chelonia (turtles), Rhynchocephalia (tuatara), Crocodilia (crocodiles), and Squamata (lizards and snakes). Within Squamata, lizards are classified under Lacertilia and snakes under Ophidia. Key differences between lizards and snakes are outlined. Information on poisonous and non-poisonous snakes in India is also provided.
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General Characteristics of Amphibia | Dr.BGR Publications
- 2. AGENDA • INTRODUCTION • KEY CHARACTERISTICS • GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS • EXAMPLE • SUMMARY
- 3. SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION • KINGDOM: ANIMALIA Note All animals are members of the Animalia • PHYLUM: CHORDATA Chordate: animal of the phylum Chordata
- 4. HABITAT LIVE BOTH ON LAND & IN WATER Note Habitat: Natural environment of an animal
- 5. ECTOTHERMIC ANIMALS Ectotherm: any so-called cold-blooded animal animals Cold Blooded Cannot maintain Constant temperature Warm-Blooded Can maintain Constant temperature
- 6. BODY DIVIDED INTO HEAD & TRUNK tail may / may not be present Note
- 7. SKIN SMOOTH ROUGH WITHOUT ANY SCALES, BUT WITH GLANDS THAT MAKE IT MOIST
- 9. RESPIRATION • RESPIRE THROUGH THE LUNGS & SKIN. • GILLS MIGHT BE PRESENT EXTERNALLY IN SOME ADULTS
- 10. LIVER • PRESENT • WELL DEVELOPED
- 11. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM / CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM HEART: THREE CHAMBERED blood contains RBC. They are nucleated 2 auricles & 1 ventricle Note
- 12. KIDNEY • KIDNEYS ARE MESONEPHRIC excretory material includes ammonia and urea Urinary bladder is present Note
- 13. CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) WELL DEVELOPED. THE BRAIN OCCUPIES COMPLETELY THE CRANIAL CAVITY. THE BRAIN IS DIVIDED INTO FORE, MID & HIND BRAINS. BRAIN CONTINUOUS AS SPINAL CORD
- 14. REPRODUCTION • SEXES ARE SEPARATE • FERTILIZATION IS USUALLY EXTERNAL. • IN SALAMANDERS, THE FERTILIZATION IS INTERNAL Male & female can be identified: Sexual dimorphism Reproduction Sexual Asexual Fertilization Internal external Note
- 16. BREEDING OCCURS IN WATER. COPULATORY ORGANS ARE ABSENT IN MALES