The document discusses the concept of gender, distinguishing between socially constructed gender roles and biological sex. It highlights issues like gender discrimination, gender oppression, and various cultural practices in Tanzania that hinder gender equality, such as female genital mutilation, early marriage, and oppressive societal norms. The document also emphasizes the importance of gender balance, equity, and analysis to improve the situation and promote equality between men and women.

1. GENDER
• M.Shekinyashi

2. WhatisGender?
• Basically the term
gender refers to male
and female.
• The concept of gender
here refers to socially
and culturally
constructed
characteristics and
norms which are then
attributed to the
different biological
sexes.

3. GenderandSex
• People have been
misuses these two
concepts.
• They look similar
while in the real
sense are different.
• The similarity exists
because both of
them involves human
characteristics.

4. Butthedifferenceare:
Gender
• Is the difference exists
between male and
female in the social and
psychological bases.
Sex
• Is the biological
differences between
males and females.

5. GenderIssues
• For many years the world has
been experiencing sexual
discrimination between males
and females.
• Mostly, women are
discriminated and oppressed
in most nations.
• Different nations are aware of
this problem and they have
started to deal with it.
• The concept of gender does
not intends to describe
women’s rights but humanity.

6. Different Gender Concepts

7. The following are gender concepts
• Gender Balance
• Gender Roles
• Gender Blindness
• Gender Discrimination
• Gender Stereotyping
• Gender Equity
• Gender Analysis
• Gender Mainstreaming

8. Gender Stereotyping
• It is the way men and
women are portrayed
in the society.
• It includes how men
are perceived as well
as women.
• This situation resulted
to inferiority complex
to women .

9. Gender Discrimination
• It is an act of treating
people unfairly based
on their gander.
• Isolating people on the
bases of sex.
• Gender discrimination
happen in many
sectors, like in labour
market, decision
making and education.

10. Gender Oppression
• Refers to the
situation where by
one sex dominates
everything from the
household level,
society, community
to the national level.
• In some community
it involve violence
against women.

11. Gender Roles
• Refers to the defined
activities which can be
performed by an
individual according to
his or her sex.
• Gender role differ from
one society to another.
• Basically , it a division of
labour according to sex.
• In most societies the role
of woman can be seen in
domestic duties while
men in political and
other useful economic
activities.

12. Gender Blindness
• It is inability of a
society to understand
or perceive that there
are different roles and
responsibilities which
are supposed to be
performed by both;
men and women.
• It is a situation where
by the society does not
know that all activities
can be done by both:
men and women

13. Gender Balance
• It is the state whereby
there is equal access to
social and economic
needs between men
and women.
• Tanzania is trying to
implement gender
balance through
leadership, employment
opportunities ,
education and
inheritance of natural
resources

14. Gender Equity
• Refer to process being fair
to both; men and women
based on the principle of
fairness and justice which
can lead into gender
equality.
• In Tanzania there are some
principles which are based
on gender equity.
• Restriction on the forced
marriage and FGM (Female
Genital Mutilation) are
some of the principles
which based on gender
equity.

15. Gender Equality
• It is a situation where
by there is positive
relationship between
men and women.
• In this situation men
and women enjoy
the equal rights and
potentialities and
contributing to the
national
development.

16. Gender Analysis
• It is a process of making
exploration and
highlighting on the
relationship exists
between men and
women in a given
society.
• Through data collection
and analysis the
relationship exists
between men and
women will be realized
and more steps might
be made to ward gender
equality.

17. Gender Mainstreaming
• It is the process of
integrating gender
perspectives into
policy stage.
• As a strategy,
mainstream intends
to promote equality
between men and
women.

18. Social-
cultural
practices
that hinder
equal
participation
in Tanzania

19. Social-cultural Practices
• Social-cultural practices in
Tanzania support gender
inequality among the social
members.
• Some society in the world had
already reached the goal of
eradicating the gender
imbalance and other issues
concerning negative social-
cultural practices toward
gender.
• Mostly, in our society, women
are disfavored with our socio-
culture practices.
• The following are some social-
culture practices which hinder
equal participation in
Tanzania.

20. Woman discrimination
• Social-cultural practices in
Tanzania has undermined
women for quit sometime to
the extent that women are
perceived as objects in the
society.
• Due to that there is unequal
participation between man
and women in the process of
getting social services.
• This situation is what we can
term it as woman
discrimination.
• In our society there are some
practices that deny woman
right and discriminate her.

21. Women Oppression
• There are some practices
in our society which
degrade and humiliate
women.
• This is what we term as
gender oppression.
• In some societies men
are very cruel to women.
• Men beats women,
traditionally they believe
that they make women
submissive to them.

22. Prohibiting Pregnant woman
from Eating some Foodstuffs
• Some society prohibit
women from eating
some kind of nutrient
food.
• Especially pregnant
women.
• They believe that when
woman eat those kind
of food the child will
be born with a lack of
hair and he/she will be
thief.

23. Wife Inheritance
• In some society the
widow is remarried by
the relative of her x-
husband.
• A married women is
regarded as property
of husband’s family, so
in order to take care of
her and the kids left
the widow is remarried
by on of male family
member.

24. Female Genital Mutilation (FGM)
• It involve the removal of
clitoris in the female
genitalia.
• The reason for FGM
includes: controlling
women’s sexuality and
in some society it is
prestige and a sigh of
maturity.
• In Tanzania areas FGM is
commonly practiced in
Dodoma, Kilimanjaro,
Arusha , Manyara,
Morogoro and Mara .

25. Early Marriage
• It is a situation where
by a person is forced
to get married before
the right age.
• Young girls have been
forced to be married
to men who they do
not want and who
are more aged than
them.

26. In your own
opinion, what are
measures that
can be taken to
abolish social-
cultural aspect
which hinder the
equal chance in
Tanzania?

27. Thank YOU!