Gender discrimination remains a significant problem in Bangladesh according to the document. It summarizes that Bangladeshi society is highly patriarchal and women face discrimination in many areas of life including education, healthcare, employment, and property rights. It also discusses specific issues like early marriage, dowry practices, domestic violence, acid attacks, and the missing female population. The document recommends raising awareness of gender equality through media and grassroots initiatives, as well as government policies and investment in research to address the underlying social and cultural causes of discrimination.

2. Content of “Gender discrimination in Bangladesh”
Executive Summary
Introducing
1) Terms
a. Gender
b. Discrimination
c. Stereotype
d. Society
Author and course
Overview
Situation
1) World
2) Asia minor
3) Bangladesh
Remedy
1) Roll of Media
2) Roll of government
Conclusion

3. Executive Summary:
Discrimination in workplaces is now one of the most debated issues around the
world. There had been innumerous findings on and strong charges against
discrimination. In particular, gender bias has become a common occurrence
everywhere in most
of the developing
countries. Some
reports also show
that such
discrimination
happens even in
developed
countries, though
the number of facts
may be less
compared to those
in the developing
and least
developed
countries. There are different forms in which discrimination may be evident at
workplaces. In spite of the number of findings and reported cases in
governmental and non-governmental institutions, the issue still remains beyond
control. Environment around the office, the socio-economic status of women, the
religious values and restrictions and above all the social psychology of the people
can be figured out as the principal causes behind biasness. Unwillingness and lack
of attention and supervision by the government adds to this to a great extent. All
these have led the issue being complicated more and more. It would be easier to
realize the problems in implementing non-discrimination at workplaces in the
light of the forms and specific aspects of biasness that women encounter
generally. At the same time the implementation mechanisms should be framed in
the light of the factors that result in failures.

4. Introducing:
Gender:
Gender is the range of characteristics pertaining to, and differentiating between,
masculinity and femininity. Depending on the context, these characteristics may
include biological sex (i.e. the state of being male, female or intersex), sex-based
social structures (including gender roles and other social roles), or gender
identity.
Sexologist John Money introduced the terminological distinction between
biological sex and gender as a role in 1955. Before his work, it was uncommon to
use the word gender to refer to anything but grammatical categories.
However, Money's meaning of the word did not become widespread until the
1970s, when feminist theory embraced the concept of a distinction between
biological sex and the social construct of gender.
Today, the distinction is strictly followed in some
contexts, especially the social sciences and
documents written by the World Health
Organization (WHO).
However, in many other contexts, including
some areas of social sciences, gender includes
sex or replaces it, Although this change in
the meaning of gender can be traced to
the 1980s, a small acceleration of the
process in the scientific literature was
observed in 1993 when the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) started to use
gender instead of sex.
In 2011, the FDA reversed its position and began using sex as the biological
classification and gender as "a person's self representation as male or female, or
how that person is responded to by social institutions based on the individual's
gender presentation." In non-human animal research, gender is also commonly
used to refer to the physiology of the animals

5. Discrimination
Discrimination is action that denies social participation or human rights to
categories of people based on prejudice. This includes treatment of an individual
or group based on their actual or perceived membership in a certain group or
social category, "in a way that is worse than the way people are usually treated".
It involves the group's initial
reaction or interaction, influencing
the individual's actual behavior
towards the group or the group
leader, restricting members of one
group from opportunities or
privileges that are available to
another group, leading to the
exclusion of the individual or
entities based on logical or irrational
decision making.
Discriminatory traditions, policies,
ideas, practices, and laws exist in
many countries and institutions in
every part of the world, even in
ones where discrimination is generally looked down upon. In some places,
controversial attempts such as quotas or affirmative action have been used to
benefit those believed to be current or past victims of discrimination—but have
sometimes been called reverse discrimination themselves.

6. Stereotype
In social psychology, a stereotype is a
thought that can be adopted about specific
types of individuals or certain ways of doing
things. These thoughts or beliefs may or may
not accurately reflect reality.
However, this is only a fundamental
psychological definition of a stereotype.
Within psychology and spanning across
other disciplines, there are different
conceptualizations and theories of
stereotyping that provide their own
expanded definition. Some of these definitions share commonalities, though each
one may also harbor unique aspects that may contradict the others.
Society
Sociologist Gerhard Lenski differentiates
societies based on their level of
technology, communication, and
economy:
(1) Hunters and gatherers
(2) Simple agricultural
(3) advanced agricultural
(4) Industrial
(5) Special (e.g. fishing societies or maritime societies).
This is similar to the system earlier developed by anthropologists Morton H. Fried,
a conflict theorist, and Elman Service, an integration theorist, who have produced
a system of classification for societies in all human cultures based on the
evolution of social inequality and the role of the state.

7. Author and course
This assignment is made under the course “Social Organization” and
with supervision of honorable course teacher Munir Ahmed, Associate
Professor of Media department at University of Development
alternative (UODA)
Assignment has been
made by the student of
Communication and
Media studies
Department “miftah
Uddin” roll: 061121011
and the university id is
2012179.
It’s not a basic made or
research content, it’s a
short overview what has
been taken from many
national and
international report on Gender discrimination.
A short attempt to compose the major and important part of many
research reports, all values and blame of data will not be right
protected to composer.

8. Overview:
Bringing women into the mainstream economic activities and ensuring equal
opportunity is one of the major targets of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
as pursued by the government of Bangladesh. However, women in Bangladesh
are dominated by a matrilineal and patriarchal kinship system, which enforces the
social and economic dependence of women on men and prescribes the relative
lower status of women. Although, there has been steady progress in reducing
gender inequality in different sectors (education, health, employment etc.) but
there exists a huge inequality in these sectors of Bangladesh and participation of
women is very low compared to their male counterpart. Gender inequality has
appeared as the major stumbling barrier in achieving the development targets.

9. Situation:
World:
Discrimination of women in the world is still a very real problem. Even though we have
made huge strides against it here in America it is still devastating throughout the world.
The United Nations Women's Treaty was implemented a few decades ago was supposed
to give women an right to take part in their nations political and public life but that
hasn't changed much. In many countries women are still unable to purchase their own
property, vote or even wear what they want. In Africa there is still female genital
mutilation. Throughout Asia, the former Soviet Union, Latin America, Africa and central
and Eastern Europe trafficking is still a huge problem.
It is estimated that over 700,000 people are trafficked each year although it is not
known exactly how many are women. Most of these women are trafficked for sexual
exploitation. The most disturbing is that in parts of the Middle East, “honor killings” are
still practiced. These killings can be brought on by women engaging in homosexual acts
or sexual acts outside of marriage, wanting to end or prevent and arranged marriage or
even dressing too provocatively. In Turkey, there is no protection for women being
abused, there are no shelters or help for women in these dangerous circumstances.
In Saudi Arabia women are not allowed to drive. Yemeni women are some of the least
empowered women in the world. In Nepal if a woman is raped or assaulted the
perpetrators are not punished, they aren't even arrested. These are all examples of
extreme discrimination of women throughout the world but we can find more subtle
examples of discrimination here in the United States. Even though females have higher
education rates and work more than men in the same profession they still get paid less
in America.
There is still a twenty percent pay gap between men and women working in the same
field. There has however been progress. The pay gap has decreased since it was 28 cents
on the dollar in 1988 to now being 11 cents on the dollar in 2007, but in 19 years the
only decrease was 17 cents. If we can keep shedding a light on the discrimination of
women throughout the world we can hopefully change things for the better

10. Asia:
Asia is currently the fastest growing and arguably the most dynamic region of the
world. Spectacular economic growth, most notably amongst the so-called Asian
tigers and the newly industrializing economies of South-East Asia, but also
including the world's two most populous countries, China and India, has brought
with it fundamental social and demographic changes. The reproductive revolution
in Asia which led to the modernization of fertility not only occurred at a much
greater speed than had been experienced in the West, but also in widely differing
economic, cultural and political contexts, including several in which the
populations were of low income and predominantly engaged in rural farming
(Leete and Alam, 1993). It is, of course, clear that Asia's rapid fertility declines
were not merely brought about by economic and social development alone.
Government led family planning programmers not only played a supporting role
but in several countries were the main force in bringing about these declines. Yet
despite the obvious welfare gains that have accompanied economic, social and
demographic changes, large proportions of Asian women continue to suffer
appalling gender inequalities and it may well be that there has been a worsening
of the situation for many of the region's women.
The maintenance of the traditional perception of females as economic liabilities
and of lower social status than males appears to have worsened their plight in
situations where couples feel increasingly constrained to have much smaller
families than in the past. Pressures to have fewer children have been brought
about by social and economic factors, as well as through national population
policies
Since the mid-1980s there has been increasing evidence coming to light of female
sex-selective abortion following prenatal fetal sex-detection tests, female
infanticide, abandonment, and willful neglect of female babies in the provision of
nutrition, medical attention and general care
In some situations this appears to have led to a reversal of the biologically
determined infant and child mortality differential that normally favors females.
This paper gives a broad overview of the nature of sex preference for children and
gender discrimination in Asia as background to the more detailed country studies
presented in Chapters 2 to 11 below. It concludes by proposing some policy and
programmed measures to help address these gender issues.

11. Bangladesh:
Bangladesh is a highly patriarchal society and gender discrimination is present at
all community levels. Women are dependent on men throughout their lives, from
father through husbands to sons. While there are constitutional affirmations of
gender equality, state legislation and institutions frequently overlook the rights of
women. For example, women and young girls are more disadvantaged than men
in their access to education, health care and financial assets. Traditionally, women
were often discouraged from participating in public life and mainly recognised
only for their reproductive role. However, due to increased poverty and an
increased demand for labour, female employment has risen since the mid 1980’s.
Most of the information below concerns the Muslim population, which makes up
over 80 percent of the total population. Where information is available for
Bangladesh’s Hindu and Christian populations, this is mentioned as well.
(i)Family Code
Half of all girls between 15 and 19 years of age are currently married, divorced or
widowed in Bangladesh (UN, 2004). This is the highest rate of early marriage in
Asia and among the highest worldwide. By marrying their daughters young,
parents decrease the economic burden on the household. A more encouraging
trend, however, is that of increased contraceptive use and declining fertility rates.
Polygamy in Bangladesh has decreased over the past 50 years, particularly in the
cities, but still there are over 10 percent of married men in a polygamous union.
The practice, however legal, is considered by many to be outdated. This was
reflected in a law passed in 2006 in Bangladesh’s fourth-largest city, Rajshahi,
which introduced a so-called polygamy tax; any man taking a second wife will be
asked to pay a one-time amount of 10 000 takas (142 US dollars). The tax rises to
30 000 takas for a third wife and 40 000 takas for a fourth wife (Islamic Republic
News Agency, 2007).
The issue of parental authority is treated differently depending on religion.
Women are not regarded as legal guardians under Islamic law, something that
may lead to children being taken away by in-laws in the case of a father’s death
(in the case of divorce, women can retain custody of sons until age seven and
daughters until puberty). Similarly, under Hindu law, fathers are viewed as the
natural, legal guardians of children.

12. Inheritance practices, too, differ between religions. According to Islamic law,
daughters inherit half as much as sons and, in the absence of a son, daughters can
inherit only as a residuary (i.e. only after all debts and other obligations are
settled). A wife is in principle entitled to half of the assets when her husband dies.
Under Hindu law, a widow, or all widows in a polygamous marriage, inherits the
same share as a son. For Christians, the Succession Act of 1925 provides equal
inheritance between sons and daughters.
(ii)Physical Integrity
Female genital mutilation is not practiced in Bangladesh.
Early marriage and dowry customs are major factors in the continuation of
domestic violence against women. Laws that have been passed against these
practices have proven difficult to enforce, especially in rural areas where
traditions and family laws tend to govern social life. A report released by the U.N.
Population Fund in 2000, asserted that 47 percent of adult women had reported
physical abuse by their male partner. The government, the media, and women’s
rights organisations have fostered a growing awareness of the problem of
violence against women.
Gender-based violence outside the home includes sexual harassment in the
workplace, assaults, rapes and acid attacks. Revenge by a rejected suitor and land
disputes are common causes for acid attacks against women. Insufficient shelters
for victims of abuse have led the government to hold women who file complaints
in safe custody, usually in prison. This custody frequently results in further
abuses, hence discouraging the filing of complaints by other women.
The occurrence of missing women (including female infants and children) is
widespread in most South Asian countries and Bangladesh is no exception. In fact,
Bangladesh is one of the very few countries in the world where males outnumber
females. Census data show that over 2.7 million Bangladeshi women were missing
in 2001 (Hudson et al, 2005). This is primarily the result of son preference and
female sex-selective abortions, or through relative neglect compared to boys in
early childhood (including abandonment).

13. (iii)Civil Liberties
Women can move relatively freely in the vicinity of their home and local
neighbourhood. To various degrees – much depending on the traditions of
individual families – the Islamic system of purdah may impose some restrictions
on women’s participation in activities outside the home, such as education,
employment and social activities. To engage in any such activities, a woman
generally needs her husband’s permission.
With regards to women’s freedom of dress, it is customary for most Bangladeshi
women to cover at least their hair.
(iv)Ownership Rights
Despite women’s growing role in agriculture, there is evidence that social and
customary practices virtually exclude women from any hope of direct access to
land.
It is often the demographic composition of a woman’s household that determines
her qualification for and access to bank loans and other forms of credit. A
woman’s lack of mobility, particularly in rural areas, forces her to depend on male
relatives for any entrepreneurial activities. While Bangladesh’s NGO’s provide
micro-credit to a large number of women, there is a growing concern to whether
or not these women actually retain control over their loans.
According to the national law, men and women have equal rights to property, but
in practice women have only very limited access to property. Their situation is
further impaired by discriminating inheritance laws and Bangladeshi women are
not likely to even claim their share of the family property unless it is given to
them.

14. Roll Of media:
 Create your own visuals.
 Present a complete narrative arc.
 Show context and causes
 Show solutions
 Show connections
 Build hope

15. Roll of government and mass people
The following recommendations deal with ways in which awareness and effective
action can be taken to address gender inequalities.
1. Concerted efforts are required to raise awareness and educate on gender
equality at all
levels of society
from grassroots
initiatives to
governmental
policies and
challenge social
norms that are
detrimental to
the human rights
of women.
2. Invest in
research to better
understand the
triggers and traps
of the different
forms of gender
discrimination
that lead to
inequalities
throughout
females' life cycle for evidence-based policy and more effective action.
3. Strengthen and enforce relevant laws, policies and institutional and home
based practices to reflect the principles of gender equality to advance the social
status of girls and women in the Bangladeshi society and ensure enforcement of
these laws through adequate mechanisms.

16. 4. Ensure gender equality in education by revising education stipends, and adapt
these to age and sex of children as well as their geographic location (urban rural,
low performing upazilas/unions, slum areas etc.). Stipends should ultimately be
better targeted and adapted to the opportunity cost of schooling which varies
according to key determinants including household, socioeconomic and
geographic location of the child population. This will also require expanding
existing innovative approaches to reach marginalized, out of school children,
including adolescent girls, with non-formal basic education and relevant
vocational training.
5. Adolescent empowerment through education on rights, reproductive health,
sexually transmitted diseases and violence across all rural, urban and slum
communities in Bangladesh to help prevent child marriage, dowry and other
forms of abuse and exploitation of adolescent girls.
6. Specific strategies to eliminate child marriage by ensuring full enforcement of
the laws relating to early marriage, banning of forced child marriage, dowry and
other forms of abuse and exploitation of young and adolescent females. Schemes
such as the female stipend program delaying marriage and motherhood and
specific programs to increase females' opportunities to gain required
competencies and skills and access the labor market under fair conditions should
be enhanced and effectively targeted.
7. Collaboration and partnership of government with civil society organizations,
the private sector, development partners, the media and all other key
stakeholders establishing clear roles and responsibilities in the promotion of
gender equality goals in all areas.

17. Conclusion:
No country in the world has yet managed to eliminate the gender gap. Until
we can change some of the most damaging factors as discussed above we
will continue reading terrible stories of discrimination. Some
recommendations may be made on the basis of different available statistics
and the independent survey that we carried out:
A) Regular surveys and statistics by governmental departments and NGOs;
B) Integration of
gender equality
dimensions into
national development
planning and
budgeting;
C) Strengthening
monitoring progress to
eliminate gender bias
at workplaces;
D) Improving
knowledge and
awareness on gender equality;
E) Establishment of family codes, civil liberties and development of
ownership rights for women;
F) Women’s supervisory authority should be ensured in all sectors of
economic development;
G) Coefficients of work experience and education for women should be
increased to a considerable extent;
H) Specific service rules should be framed for entry-level qualifications,
promotions and other high positions in different organizations. Gender
discrimination lies at the imbalance of power in our society.

18. Discrimination at work and in opportunities in a variety of ways, fewer
opportunities in education and marginalization in high political, academic
and corporate positions are the obvious images that float around the world.
In
Bangladesh, as most of the women we surveyed on say, family culture and
religious values that are taught by the family are the root causes of gender
gap in employment. Among the other causes, they feel that people of our
country have developed a psychology to accept biasness and
discrimination in employment and works. When this is accompanied by lack
of knowledge and awareness about labor and employment rights,
discrimination becomes inevitable. The world community agrees that
without equal participation of males and females in development activities,
the millennium goal would never be achieved. We should, therefore, start
outlining more issues, possible strategies, long-term and immediate targets
for gender equality and to remove all types of biasness and discrimination
in employment and ensure a healthy workplace environment for women.