5. TYPES OF CELLS PLANT CELL ANIMAL CELL

6. ANIMAL CELL

7. PLANT CELL

8. DIFFERENT BETWEEN ANIMAL AND PLANT CELL: Contain starch granules. Contain glycogen granules. GRANULES Usually has a large vacuole. Usually exists as numerous small vacoules in lower animal cell. VACUOLE Has chloroplast which contain chlorophyll. Does not have. CHLOROPLAST Has a cellulose cell wall. Does not have. CELL WALL Fixed shape. No fixed shape. SHAPE PLANT CELL ANIMAL CELL

9. ULTRASTRUCTURE OF CELL 1 2 4 3 5 6 7

10. Ribosomal formation Concentrated area of chromatin, RNA and proteins Nucleolus Storage of genetic information. Nuclear envelope surrounding nucleoplasm, chromatin and nucleolus. Nucleus Selective passage of molecules into and out of cell. Bilayer phospholipid with embedded proteins. Plasma membrane FUNCTION COMPOSITION STRUCTURE

11. Proteins synthesis. Studded with ribosome. Rough ER Lipid synthesis. No ribosome. Smooth ER FUNCTION COMPOSITION STRUCTURE Synthesis and/or modification of protein and other substances and transport by vesicles formation. Membranous saccules and canals. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Protein synthesis. Protein and RNA in two submits. Ribosome

12. Processing, packaging & distributing molecules Stack of membranous Golgi apparatus Intracellular digestion. Membranous vehicle containing digestive enzymes. Lysosome Cellular respiration. Inner membrane (cristae) within outer membrane. Mitochondria Storage of substances. Membranous sacs. Vacuole and vesicle FUNCTION COMPOSITION STRUCTURE

13. Cell movement 9+2 of microtubules Cilia and flagella Formation of basal bodies 9+0 pattern of microtubules Centrioles Shape of cells Microtubels, actin filaments Cytoskeleton FUNCTION COMPOSITION STRUCTURE

23. MAJOR GROUP CELLS EUKARYOTES PROKARYOTES

28. EUKARYOTES PROKARYOTES

29. EUKARYOTES For support Cell wall Use sunlight to create food by photosynthesis Chloroplast Plant cells also have : Used for storage of water or food. Vacuole Make protein Ribosomes Make energy out of food Mitochondria The “brains” of the cell, the nucleus directs cell activities and contains genes. Nucleus What it does? Part

45. CELL MEMBRANE

66. SELECTIVE PERMEABLE MEMBRANE WATER MOLECULES

90. MEIOSIS I The outer membrane pinches the cell in half and a nuclear membrane forms around chromosomes. Late Interphase, which produce 2 daughter cells. Telophase I The chromosomes pairs are pulled apart from each other to either side of the cell. Anaphase I The identical chromosomes (homologous chromosomes) line up together in the center of the cell. They form tetrads which are paired chromosome structures. Some get crossed over. Metaphase I Spindle apparatus forms around chromosomes. Prophase I Chromosome are copied to into 2 identical chromatids joined at the centromere. Interphase I DESCRIPTION STAGE

91. MEIOSIS II The outer membrane pinches the cell in half and a nuclear membrane forms around chromosomes Telophase II The chromosomes pairs are pulled apart from each other to either side of the cell. Anaphase II The homologous chromosomes line up together in the center of the cell. Metaphase II Spindle apparatus forms around chromosomes. Prophase II DESCRIPTION STAGE

94. MITOSIS MEIOSIS Homologous chromosomes pair up or form bivalents in prophase I. Homologous chromosomes do not pair up in prophase. 2 stage : 1) Meiosis I 2) Meiosis II 1 main stage.