The document discusses several fundamental body positions, including lying and hanging. It describes lying as the easiest position with minimal muscle work required when on a hard surface and no muscle work required on a soft surface. Lying is used for exercises, static posture training, and treating spinal deformities. Hanging involves suspending the body from a bar using the hands and arms, working various muscles of the upper body, neck, and lower body. Hanging stimulates the body but is difficult for breathing and not suitable for weak patients.

1. Fundamental
positions

2. LYING
DEFINATION
 This is the easiest fundamental position as the body in
which the body is fully supported and fully stable on a
horizontal surface in supine position.

3.  The muscle work in this position depends on two factors
1)If the body is relaxed on hard surface
1. The anterior muscle of hip hollowed the back
2. Head will rotate to other side
3. Slight lateral rotation on hip
Minimal muscle work required
2)If the body in relaxed on soft surface such as spring mattress , it will contour
the body according to its alignment
No muscle work required

4. Muscle work:
 The muscle work is minimal
 The head rotators will work reciprocally to
stabilize head
 The lumber flexors and hip extensors will
work to reduce the tendency of hollow back
 The medial rotators of hip work to keep the
legs in natural position

5. EFFECT AND USES:
ADVANTAGES
 This is an easy position as the trunk is relaxed so
it is used for many exercises
 Static posture training can be carried out in this
position
 This position is useful for treatment of spinal
deformities

6. DISADVANTAGE:
 Breathing in Impeded ,so the position is
unsuitable for those who are suffering
from respiratory and cardiac diseases
 This position is unsuitable for elders and
those who has high blood pressure
because it hinders blood flow from head

7. Hanging
 The body is suspended by gasping over a
horizontal bar hands being pronated ,the arms
straight with at least shoulder width apart.
 The head is held high
 The scapula are held down
and together
 Neck appear as long as possible
 Trunk and legs hang straight
 Heels together
 Ankle planta flexed

8. Muscle work
 Fingers: finger flexors strongly work to grasp bar
 Wrist: all the muscle around wrist work as synergist and fixator for finger
muscles
 Shoulder: adductors of shoulder work to lift the body on arms
 Scapula: depressors and retractors and medial rotators work to fix scapula
and to brace upper back
 Neck: the pre-vertebral and posterior neck muscles work to stabilize head
and neck

9.  The flexors of lumber spine and hip extensors
will work to correct the tendency to arch the
back
 Hip: the adductor of hip will work
 Knee: the extensors of knee will work
 Ankle: the planta flexors of ankle will work

10. Effect and uses:
 This position is only suitable for those with
in whom muscular strength and body weight
is balanced
 The thorax is fixed in inspiratory position
,breathing is difficult not suitable for weak
patients
 The effects of stretching the body is
stimulating and enjoyed especially in
children

11. Seq’s
Q no:1
Describe the fundamental position in which body is completely supported,
write its effects and uses?
Q no 2:
Write the name of fundamental position in which muscle work is minimal ,
write its effect and use?
Q no:3
Compare the effects and uses of lying with hanging?

12. Q no :4
Describe hanging and its muscle work?
Q no: 5
Describe the fundamental position used for
treating spinal deformities and its muscle work?

13. MCQ’s
1) In pull ups during hanging the extensors of
elbow will work………
a) Concentrically
b) Isometric
c) Eccentric
d) Static
e) isotonic
2) The main character of fundamental position is that it is free from
a) Gravity
b) Discomfort
c) Relaxation
d) None of these

14. 3) Which muscles reduce the tendency of hollowing
back
a) lumber extensors
b) Hip flexors
c) Lumber flexors
d) Hip abductors
4) Which position is used in the treatment of flat
chest
a) hanging
b) Standing
c) Lying
d) kneeling

15. 5)Hanging is used to test ……of upper limb
a) Strength
b) Endurance
c) Function
d) Bulk
e) Both a &b
6) In hanging which muscle work to reduce strain
on joints……..
a) Wrist flexors
b) Elbow flexors
c) Shoulder abductors
d) Elbow extensors

16. 7) Sling exercise are performed in …..
a) Hanging
b) Standing
c) Lying
d) Sitting
8)Which position is used for static posture training
and in low back pain treatment……..
a) Lying
b) Hanging
c) Sitting
d) Standing

17. 9)On resilient surface the muscle work on body
…….
a) Is minimal
b) Is maximal
c) Is least
d) Does not occur
10)In hanging bracing effects are provided by…..
a) Shoulder adductors
b) Elbow extensors
c) Scapular muscles
d) Elbow flexors