There are five fundamental body positions discussed in the document: sitting, standing, kneeling, lying, and hanging. For each position, variations are described that involve changing the position of different body parts like the legs, trunk, arms, and pelvis. The key muscle groups worked and effects of each position are explained. Positions like stride standing, walk standing, and wing standing provide increased stability for exercises by changing the base of support. Others like stoop standing and lax stoop standing are useful for stretching or relaxation.
Posture - a perquisite for functional abilities in daily life. Posture is a combination of anatomy and physiology with inherent application of bio-mechanics and kinematics. Sitting, standing, walking are all functional activities depending on the ability of the body to support that posture to carry out each activity. Injuries and pathologies either postural or structural can massively change the bio-mechanics of posture and thus affect functional abilities.
GONIOMETRY FOR UPPER LIMB DISCUSSES IN CONCISE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF GONIOMETERS AVAILABLE FOR MEASURING VARIOUS JOINT ROM, PRINCIPLES OF GONIOMETRY AND PLACEMENT OF GONIOMETER FOR MEASURING RANGE OF MOTION IN UPPER LIMB (SHOULDER, ELBOW, FOREARM AND WRIST JOINT).
suspension therapy in details with the principles, indications, benefits, advantages and disadvantages, materials required for performing activities using suspension techniques.
Posture - a perquisite for functional abilities in daily life. Posture is a combination of anatomy and physiology with inherent application of bio-mechanics and kinematics. Sitting, standing, walking are all functional activities depending on the ability of the body to support that posture to carry out each activity. Injuries and pathologies either postural or structural can massively change the bio-mechanics of posture and thus affect functional abilities.
GONIOMETRY FOR UPPER LIMB DISCUSSES IN CONCISE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF GONIOMETERS AVAILABLE FOR MEASURING VARIOUS JOINT ROM, PRINCIPLES OF GONIOMETRY AND PLACEMENT OF GONIOMETER FOR MEASURING RANGE OF MOTION IN UPPER LIMB (SHOULDER, ELBOW, FOREARM AND WRIST JOINT).
suspension therapy in details with the principles, indications, benefits, advantages and disadvantages, materials required for performing activities using suspension techniques.
Starting Position.pptx(Fundamental position or Posture required for physiothe...nidhiagarwal260755
Position is assumed by the body and take movement to come in a equilibrium.
Posture follows movements like a shadow.
Movement- Every movement begin with posture and end with posture.
Posture- Posture is an attitude either with support or without support.
The posture from which movement is initiated are known as standing position.
The movement may be either by active or passive.
STARTING POSITION- The movement either active or passive which comes our body in equilibrium with attitude and with less effort then the position is known as starting position.
There are five types of starting position that is known as Fundamental position. These are:-
Standing
Kneeling
Sitting
Lying
Hanging
This PPT helps the students to learn the different type of postures which are needed to treat the patient. Easy to understand the importance of Starting positions. Easily to understand the muscle effects in different fundamental positions and their benefits
This workshop is designed to help teach a variety of abdominal and core exercises with little or no equipment! The workshop focuses on identification of common misalignment and effective cueing to facilitate proper alignment to maximize effective results and prevent injury. Learn a sequence of yoga poses that can be used as a class warm-up or cool-down stretch, lower body strength class, or in the development of a yoga unit.
The muscles found in and around the hips are known as the hip flexors. These include muscles like the internal obliques, iliopsoas, sartorius, gracilis, and fascia latae tensors. When these muscle become tight because of constant flexion and contraction, they can create pain. This pain is most often felt in daily activities like climbing stairs and lifting objects from the ground. Athletically, tight hip flexors will compromise running activities, and all resistance training that includes rotation of the pelvis.
Waddling gait- definition|role of muscle|gait analysis|kinematic and spatiote...jasna ok
This powerpoint is about WADDLING GAIT,muscle that cause waddling gait , its causes, reasons for why this gait is called duck gait and pregnancy gait, gait analysis , and its physical therapy treatment
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
3. THERE ARE FIVE FUNDAMENTAL POSITIONS :
1.SITTING
2.STANDING
3.KNEELING
4.LYING
5.HANGING
4. 1.STANDING
POSITION Standing, is a human position in
which the body is
held in an upright
("orthostatic")position and
supported only by the feet.
The base is small and the centre of
gravity is high.
Easier to maintain than kneeling
5. BY ALTERNATION OF THE
LEGS
Toe standing
Standing up with both bare feet on the floor, perform heel raises. You do this
by slowly raising your heel off the ground but keeping your toes flat.
Muscle work :
The Planter flexors of the Ankle Joint work Strongly against
gravity to keep the heels elevated.
All the leg Muscle work more strongly than in the fundamental
position to keep the balance
Effect and uses :
The base is reduced and the center of gravity raised, so this is
used as balance position.
Strong work of the foot muscles braces the longitudinal arches
and there is a tendency for whole body to stretch, which is of
value in the treatment of postural flat feet and posture training
generally.
6. Stride Standing
Tension on of the forward leg prevents forward tilting of the
pelvis in trunk flexion exercises.
Muscle work :
1. The abductors of the hips may work to prevent the leg
from sliding
Effect and uses :
The effective base is much enlarges laterally, making
this as easy and stable position from which to perform
exercises, especially those in frontal plane.
7. Walk Standing
Walk-standing. - Is taken by moving one foot about two footlengths
forward in the sagittal plane, maintaining the same angle
between the feet.
Muscle work :
The Extensor of hip and Knee of the leg work strongly to maintain
the position
Effect and uses :
The base is much enlarges in the antero-posterior direction
stabilizing the body for exercises in a sagittal plane.
Rotation of the pelvis towards the side of the forward leg is
prevented by the position of the back leg; the position therefore
may be used to localize rotation to the spine.
Tension of the hamstrings of the forward leg likewise prevents
forward tilting of the pelvis in the trunk flexion exercises
8. BY ALTERING OF ARM
Wing Standing
It is used as starting position for a number of freestanding
exercises.
Muscle work :
The adductors of the shoulder joint•
Extensors of the elbow work slightly to press the hand to the
trunk.
Effect and use :
As the arms are held away from the trunk from the axilla to the
iliac crests, the positions allow the phys. To grasp the patient
round the shoulder during some trunk exercise.
The fixed position of arm prevents their swinging during trunk
exercises.
As this swing usually amplifies the movement and leaves the
thorax free, the position should be avoided unless it serves
some definite and useful purpose
9. Bend Standing
Stand in the middle of your mat with your legs together and
your weight centered on the balls of your feet.
Muscle work :
The lateral rotator and adductors of the shoulder work
strongly.
The retractors and depressors of the scapulae work strongly
as fixators.
The flexor of the elbows and Supinator of fore arm work to
maintain the position of forearms.
The flexor of the wrists and finger may work slightly.
Effect and uses :
The position is corrective for the position of the upper back,
and the thorax is expanded. It may therefore be held during
some trunk exercises to intensify their effect or used prior to
arm stretching exercises.
Full flexion of the elbow is reduced the leverage of the
abductor muscles of the shoulder joint, making it a suitable
position from which to perform abduction movements when
these muscles are weak
8
10. Reach Standing
It is used for performing and Set up exercises by the grasping
Bar with hand.
Muscle work :
The shoulder flexors maintain the position against gravity.
The transverse back muscles control the forward movement of
the scapulae round the chest wall, which is associated with
shoulder flexion.
The extensors of the elbow, Radial flexors of the wrist and
Extensor of the Finger work slightly to keep the arm straight.
Effect and uses :
The position is used prior to some arm and trunk exercises in
sagittal plane, and to assist balance during balance walking
sideways.
The hand may be supported on, or may grasp, some
apparatus and this obviate the use of the shoulder flexors
muscles when the arm are used to control or steady the body
for leg or head exercises.
11. Yard Standing
It is used for to performing trunk rotation and bending exercises
Muscle work :
The abductors, extensors and lateral Rotators of the
shoulder work Rotators of the Scapulae to stabilize the
arms.
The Extensors of the Elbows,Wrists, and Fingers work to
hold the limb in a straight line.
The tendency to elevate the shoulder girdle is controlled
by the scapulae depressors.
Effect and uses :
The abductors of the shoulder work at a marked
mechanical disadvantage as the length of the weight arm
of the lever so greatly exceeds that of the power arm.The
position is corrective for the posture of the upper back,
facilitates body balance and is convenient for arm swinging
exercises.
12. BY ALTERNATION OF THE
TRUNK
Stoop Standing
The hip joints are flexed while the trunk; head and arms remain in alignment and are inclined forwards.
Muscle work :
The muscles of the feet work as in the previous position.
The Extensor of the knees may work to counteract the tension of the
Hamstrings.
The Longitudinal and transverse back muscles and the Extensors of the
shoulder and Elbow maintain the position against the pull of gravity.
The posterior Neck muscles, controlled by the pre-vertebral muscles, support
the head.
Effect and uses :
The strong work for the neck and back muscles with stretching of the
spine, which occur in the horizontal position, trains good posture of
the upper back
Fixation in flexion of the lumbar spine localizes movement to the
joints above this level it is valuable but difficult position to hold
correctly
13. Lax Stoop standing
Taken by forward and downward falling of the body in the hip joints and
joints of the lumbar spine as far as possible. It relaxes the anterior abdominal
wall, and was used formerly in treating the abdominal organs by massage.
Muscle work :
Very little muscle work is required except in the region of the ankle
joint
Dorsiflexion stabilize the position of the joint
Intrinsic foot muscles grip the floor
Effect and uses :
The amount of forward flexion is dictated by the tension, which
develops in the hamstrings and lumbar muscles. The position may
be used to train local relaxation and the upper body and to assist
expiration.
It is used prior to extension exercises of hips and spine, particularly
those that occur progressively, as in uncurling to the upright
position. The position is not suitable for weak and elderly patient
14. 2. KNEELING.
17
<> Kneeling is a basic
human position where
one or both knees touch
the ground. It can
be used: as a resting
position
15. Half Kneeling
The first step to a perfect half-kneeling position is getting into a
legit 90-
90 position. The “down” knee is at a 90-degree angle, and directly
underneath the hip and shoulder. The “up” knee is also at a 90-
degree
angle, with the weight balanced evenly on the foot.
Muscle work :
The abductors of the hip joint of the supporting leg, and the
lumbar side flexors of the opposite side, work to balance the
trunk
The extensor of the hip and the knee of the forward legwork
slightly to assist the balance
Effect and uses :
The pelvis is well fixed in the position for trunk side bending and
rotation exercise when the trunk moves in a direction away from
16. KNEEL SITTING
1. WHERE THE THIGHS ARE NEAR HORIZONTAL AND THE
BUTTOCKS SIT BACK ON THE HEELS WITH THE UPPER
BODY VERTICAL
2. THE KNEES AND HIP ARE FLEXED SO THAT THE PATIENT
SITS ON HIS HEELS. THE POSITION IS SOME TIME USED
FOR SMALL CHILDREN, BUT MOST PEOPLE FIND IT VERY
UNCOMFORTABLE
19
17. Side sitting
Cross-legged sitting is generally
a good position for the hips and
back. It is important to alternate
which leg is in front to prevent
tightness on one side.
Prone Kneeling
Trunk and neck muscle strength to
maintain stability as the limbs are
moved.
18. SITTING
Sitting is a basic human resting position. The body weight is
supported
primarily by the buttocks in contact with the ground or a
horizontal
object such as a chair seat. The torso is more or less upright
19. Stride Sitting
Is taken by the patient sitting astride a plinth,
chair, form, or other suitable apparatus. The
feet are often fixed by some support. This
position fixes the legs and pelvis most firmly of
all, and this effect can be increased by fixing a
broad strap over the legs
Ride Sitting
Riding-like sitting or balanced seating is the most suitable position for
long periods of sitting.
The patient sits astride suitable apparatus, such as a
gymnastic form, which may be gripped between the knees
by the adductor muscles of the hips, making it a very steady
position for head arm and trunk exercises. When the
position is taken on a high plinth, the thigh may be
strapped to the plinth to afford additional fixation, in which
20. Crook Sitting
Knee and Hip are flexed in, and feet are kept forward
while sitting in the floor Movement: ...
Cross Sitting Uses in Exercise Therapy: Breathing
exercise and reduce the respiratory distress
High Sitting
In medicine, Fowler's position is a standard
patient position in which the patient
is seated in a semi-upright sitting position (45-
60 degrees) and may have knees either bent or
straight.
21. Cross Sitting
If someone is sitting cross-legged,
they are sitting on the floor with
their legs bent so that their knees
point outwards. He sat crosslegged
on the floor.
Long Sitting
Long sitting or sitting with the legs
out in front stretches the hamstring and
calf muscles and also helps develop core
strength.
22. LYING
Lying position : A lateral recumbent position in
which the individual rests on the right or left side,
usually with the knees slightly flexed.
Crook lying
The subject was asked to
Lye Supine with his/her both hip joints
45 degrees and foot lying flat on the
couch with the arms resting by the
side of the subject.
23. Crook Lying with pelvis lifted
From the previous position the pelvis is elevated so that the trunk rests on the
shoulders and is brought into line with the thighs. A firm pillow may be used to
support the buttocks, or the Extensors of the hips may work toehold the position.
Effect and uses :
Pressure of the viscera on the pelvic floor is relieved by
gravity as the weight of the viscera is directed backwards
and upwards towards the diaphragm; because of this,
breathing may be hampered slightly.
The position is useful during re-education of muscles of
the pelvic floor, in such a cases as visceroptosis or after
child birth
Half Lying
Body is bent at the hips and trunk is raised from
lying to any angle up to 90
Effect and uses :
The body is relaxed and comfortable in this position
and it is suitable for weak and elderly people because
breathing is easier than in lying, the thorax being less
fixed by the weight of the trunk.
24. Prone Lying
Prone position, which is facedown. ... Using anatomical terms of location,
the
dorsal side is down, and the ventral side is up, when supine.
Muscle work :
The pre and post-vertebral neck muscles work to
maintain the position of the head.
The Retractors and Depressors of the scapulae
work to brace the upper back
The Lateral Rotators of the Hips keep the heels
together
25. HANGING
1. Hanging position has its height
automatically set correctly and it
moves with the hanging position. A load that
is attached to
hanging position can be moved off of the
position
hanging
26.
27. Flexed arm hanging
The flexed arm hang is a popular military
testing exercise. It's purpose is to measure
upper body strength and endurance by
timing how long someone can hang with
their chin above a bar.