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Fundamental Physics
Physical quantities refer to measurable features of objects and can be described by their numerical value and unit of measurement. The International System of Units (SI) provides standardized base units for common physical quantities like mass, length, and time, as well as derived units for other quantities like velocity, force, and energy. Quantities can be either scalar, having only magnitude, or vector, having both magnitude and direction. Motion can be described by quantities like position, velocity, and acceleration, and forces cause acceleration according to Newton's laws of motion. Different forms of energy, like kinetic, potential, chemical, and nuclear, can be converted between one another but the total quantity is conserved according to the law of conservation of energy. Nuclear reactions
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Fundamental Physics
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- 2. Physical Quantities andUnits • Physical quantities the feature of some thing which can be measured • Numerical value • Unit
- 3. Unit • Importance ofunit 50 waist slim or fat • System International SI 1960 Basic units Derived unit Supplementary unit Basic Unit Derived Unit Quantity Unit Symbol Mass Kilogram Kg Length Metre m Time Second S Electric current Ampere A Temperature Kelvin K Amount of substance Mole mol Luminous intensity Candela cd Quantity Unit /symbol Velocity m/s Acceleration m/ss Force Kgm/ss (Newton)
- 4. Question to Audience Lightyear is the unit of ?????? Distance
- 5. Scalar and vectorQuantities • Scalar quantities Numerical values and unit time, mass, temperature • Vector quantities Numerical value, unit and dimension Acceleration, velocity, force
- 6. Question to audience •Difference between • Speed and velocity • Mass and weight • Distance and displacement
- 7. Kinematics the features orproperties of motion in an object Rest and Motion w.r.t frame of reference Motion Describe in term of quantities position, velocity, acceleration • Speed • Velocity • Acceleration
- 8. Two dimensional motion(Projectile motion ) Two dimensional motion Body moves / covers vertical and horizontal distance
- 10. Force and motion(dynamics) the branch which is concerned with the motion of bodies under the action of forces • Newton’s laws of motion 1) 1st law of motion (law of inertia) 2) 2nd law of motion (description of force) 3) 3rd law of motion
- 11. • How wecan measure INERTIA
- 12. Momentum • Linear momentum •Law of conservation of momentum Initial momentum = final momentum • Elastic and inelastic collision
- 13. Work and Energy •Work applied force x distance covered Question to audience Can we use displacement rather distance in Work formulae
- 14. Energy • ability todo work • Different forms of Energies • Law of conservation of energy Converted from one form to another Energy Notes Potential energy Due to position Kinetic energy Due to motion Solar energy Energy from solar Chemical energy Due to chemical energy Nuclear
- 15. Simple Harmonic Motion to-and-fromotion • Pendulum Mass attached to a spring
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- 17. Nuclear Reaction Fission Reaction Abig atom splits into small atoms. • Nuclear reactor • Disease • Destruction purpose Fusion Reaction Small atoms combined to form a big atom • Difficult to control • A large amount of energy is required
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