This lab report details an experiment to determine the carbon residue of a kerosene oil sample. The apparatus used includes a porcelain crucible, Skidmore crucible, chimney wire support, and sand bath. The sample oil is weighed and heated in the crucibles for 28-32 minutes until vapors cease burning, leaving behind carbon residue. The experiment found 0.01g of carbon residue in the 1g kerosene oil sample.

1. Lab report of Energy Engineering lab
Title:
To determine the carbon residue of given sample.
Apparatus:
1. Porcelain crucible
2. Skidmore crucible
3. Chimney wire support
4. Sand bath
5. Kerosene oil(sample)
Theory:
Carbon residue is what the leftover particles of a fuel product are transformed into. The
carbon residue of a fuel is the tendency to form carbon deposits under high temperature
conditions in an inert atmosphere. This is an important value for the crude oil refinery, and
usually one of the measurements in a crude oil assay. Carbon residue is an important
measurement for the feed to the refinery process fluid catalytic cracking and delayed coking.
High amounts of carbon residue can be damaging to the environment.
Procedure:
 Weight approximately one gram of sample oil free of moisture and suspended
material in the crucible.
 Place this crucible in the center of skidmore level the sand in the sand bath and set
skidmore crucible on triangle right in center of sand bath.
 Apply covers to both skidmore and porcelain air crucible. The covers must have
arrangement of free exist of vapors as they formed.
 Heat from strong flame from gas burner so that free ignition occurs in 10 minutes and
a blue flame appear on the alimony immediately.
 Moves or tie the gas burner so that gas flame plays on the side of the chimney for the
purpose of ignition of vapors. When vapors cease to burn and no more blue flame
appear. Read just the burner and increase the heat so that sand bath sheet is cherry red
and maintain exactly for 7 minutes. The total time for this is approximately 28 to 32
minutes.
 Remove the burner and allow the apparatus to cool until no smoke appear and then
removed the cover of skidmore crucible.
 Take out crucible with tongs and placed it in desiccators. Cool and weight the
crucible.
Carbon residue Page 1 of 2

2. Lab report of Energy Engineering lab
Fig: Cardonson apparatus
Calculation
Weight of crucible = 24.3g
Weight of crucible with oil = 47.4g
Weight after experiment = 24.31g
Weight of carbon residue = 0.01g
Result:
Amount of carbon residue = 0.01g
Discussion:
 The apparatus is not proper as well as not isolated.
 In this experiment accurate flame temperature is required. But proper pressure of gas
was not available.
Carbon residue Page 2 of 2