This document summarizes how functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can be used to see what areas of the brain are active while thinking. It explains that fMRI detects changes in blood oxygenation levels to map neural activity in the brain. The document outlines how fMRI works, describing that oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood have different magnetic properties and fMRI can pinpoint greater brain activity by tracking increased blood flow. Potential uses of fMRI discussed include brain mapping, understanding emotions, marketing research, and using fMRI to potentially detect lies.

1. What’s going inside
?Nora Abdullah AL-Muqbil @KFMC

2. “BELIVE IT OR NOTI CAN READ YOUR MIND
my name is Nora, and ..
”

3. I just realize my supernatural ability
that day ..

4. What do you want to be
when you grow up ?
Muhammad
my brother

5. Huh ?!

6. How we think ?
What are we thinking about?

7. These kind of questions are possible to answer for first time in human history. To
drift directly to the brain to read out the physical of our thoughts ..
Some would say ..To read our minds !

9. by using specialized used of MRI scanning called
“functional MRI”, fMRI for short .
That makes possible to see what’s going inside the brain
while people are thinking.

10. Anatomy Physiology

11. How Does fMRI Scan the Brain?How Does fMRI Scan the Brain?
fMRI is based on the idea that blood carrying oxygen from the
lungs behaves differently in a magnetic field than blood that has
already released its oxygen to the cells.

12. Long term
memory
Understanding
Emotion
Attentio
n
Executive
Talking

13. As the increase in flow exceeds the increase in oxygen consumption,
neuronal activity is expressed as a relative increase in oxyhemoglobin
compared to deoxyhemoglobin in the activated zones. The relative decrease
in deoxyhemoglobin concentration, which has a paramagnetic effect, can be
detected by MRI as a weak transient rise in the T2* weighted signal. This is
the BOLD contrast principle (Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent)

14. In other words, oxygen-rich blood and
oxygen-poor blood have a different
magnetic resonance.
(BOLD) signal !(BOLD) signal !
Scientists know that more active areas of
the brain receive more oxygenated blood. The
fMRI picks up this increased blood flow to pinpoint
greater activity. The measurement of blood flow,
blood volume and oxygen use is called the
blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal.

15. Scan the BrainScan the Brain

16. How Is an fMRI Done?How Is an fMRI Done?
1Patient should wear a hospital gown or his
own clothes, but he can't bring anything metal
(zippers, clips, glasses).

17. How Is an fMRI Done?How Is an fMRI Done?
2Patient is lie on a table. His head may be placed in a brace to hold
it still. Then he is slid headfirst into the large, cylindrical MRI
machine.

18. How Is an fMRI Done?How Is an fMRI Done?
3 Patient may be given earplugs to mask the
sound - MRI machines tend to be very noisy.

19. How Is an fMRI Done?How Is an fMRI Done?
4Patient will be asked to perform a task that increases oxygenated
blood flow to a particular part of his brain. For example, he may
tap his thumb against his fingers, look at pictures or answer
questions on a computer screen.

20. fMRI UsesfMRI Uses
The most basic use for fMRI is similar to that of its cousin, MRI.
•Spotting injured or diseased tissue.
•Monitor the growth of brain tumors.
•Determine how well the brain is functioning after a stroke.
•Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.

21. Scientists are also investigating several other
potential applications for fMRI

22. 1-Brain Mapping1-Brain Mapping
This application determines which parts of the brain handle particular
functions. When a patient needs surgery to remove a brain tumor, for
example, doctors can first scan the brain to determine exactly where to
operate. so they can avoid damaging important brain functions.

23. 2- Analyzing2- Analyzing
emotionsemotions
fMRI can help scientists better
understand the nature
of sadness and other emotions.

24. 3-Marketing3-Marketing
Advertisers already ask customers how
products make them feel and how
commercials influence their decisions. Now
they can see those reactions firsthand by
looking inside consumers' brains.

25. 4- Detective fMRI4- Detective fMRI
fMRIs could end up as a way to
effectively read a person's thoughts
before he even speaks them. The
technology could allow law
enforcement to see whether someone
is lying or telling the truth. MRIs could
catch the next terrorist plot, or the
next Green River Killer .

26.
Gary Ridgway, the Green River Killer, was
given a polygraph. The court used the results
as evidence that he was lying then he admits
that he is the one who killed 48 women.

28. www.imaios.com
en.wikipedia.org
neurosciencemarketing.com
References:
Thank YouThank You