The document discusses auxiliary power systems and derivative applications of fuel cells. It describes how auxiliary power units (APUs) provide non-propulsion power for vehicles like heavy duty trucks, airplanes, trains, ships, and recreation vehicles. Fuel cells can serve as generators, battery chargers, and heat sources and adapt to various environments. The document examines proton exchange membrane fuel cells and solid oxide fuel cells for auxiliary power applications. It addresses technical challenges like system configuration, cost considerations, and performance requirements that will influence the commercialization of fuel cell APUs.

1. Fuel Cell
Auxiliary Power System
and Derivative
Applications
By: BAN Vanny &By: BAN Vanny &
HOUR SokaonHOUR Sokaon
1

2. Content: Application, Demonstration and status
1.8.1. Station Electric Power
1.8.2. Distributed Generation
1.8.3. Vehicle Motive Power
1.8.4. Space and Other Closed Environment Power
1.8.5. Auxiliary Power Systems1.8.5. Auxiliary Power Systems
1.8.6. Derivative Application1.8.6. Derivative Application
By: BAN Vanny & HOUR Sokaon 2

3. 1.8.5. Auxiliary Power Systems
 (APUs) : are devices that provide all or part of the
non-propulsion for vehicles.
 High-profile fuel cell: automotive propulsion and
distributed power generation.
By: BAN Vanny & HOUR Sokaon 3

4.  The application of APUs
 Heavy Duty Trucks
 Airplanes
 Trains
 Ships
 Recreation Vehicles
 Automobile
1.8.5. Auxiliary Power Systems
By: BAN Vanny & HOUR Sokaon 4

5.  Fuel Cells can serve as a generator, battery charger and
heat supply.
 It can adapt the most environments in Arctic and
Antarctic region.
 Prototype Fuel Cell has the same size and delivers the
same power as a batter.
1.8.5. Auxiliary Power Systems
By: BAN Vanny & HOUR Sokaon 5

6. 1- System Performance Requirements
2- Technology Status
3- System Configuration and Technology Issues
4- Cost Considerations
5- SOFC Cost Structure
6- Outlook and Conclusion
1.8.5. Auxiliary Power Systems
By: BAN Vanny & HOUR Sokaon 6

7.  A key reason for interest in fuel cell APU application is
good fit between APU requirements and fuel cell system.
 Fuel Cells are efficient and quiet, so fuel cell APUs must
meet the various requirements:
1.8.5. Auxiliary Power Systems
By: BAN Vanny & HOUR Sokaon 7

8. 1.8.5. Auxiliary Power Systems
By: BAN Vanny & HOUR Sokaon 8

9.  Fuel Cell APUs will have to operate on gasoline, diesel
for the heavy truck.
 Fuel Cell APUs should be water sufficient.
 In station operation, fuel cell APUs must be able to
provide power rapidly after start-up and follow the loads,
so it is the competitive point to the internal combustion
engine.
1- System Performance Requirements
By: BAN Vanny & HOUR Sokaon 9

10.  Several researcher and developers are being
developed on residential PEFC power system
because it can be adapted for APU application
and most applications are transportation.
 Few developers have paid attention to create
SOFC APUs that the most applications are on
small to medium sized generation.
2- Technology Status
By: BAN Vanny & HOUR Sokaon 10

11. 3- System Configuration and Technology Issues
By: BAN Vanny & HOUR Sokaon 11
Overview of subsystems and components for PEFC system

12. Overview of subsystems and components for SOFC and PEFC system
3- System Configuration and Technology Issues
By: BAN Vanny & HOUR Sokaon 12

13.  Fuel Cell APUs consists of a fuel processor, a
stack system and balance of plant.
 Main issue for component of PEFC system is to
minimize or eliminate the use of external supplied
water.
3- System Configuration and Technology Issues
By: BAN Vanny & HOUR Sokaon 13

14.  Main component of SOFC APU are the fuel cell stack,
fuel processor, thermal management system and
balance of plant.
 SOFC is operated in the high temperature (600-850 0
C),
and high temperature recuperators are required to
maintain system efficiency, so recuperators consists
of expensive materials.
3- System Configuration and Technology Issues
By: BAN Vanny & HOUR Sokaon 14

15.  New class product, total cost of ownership and operation of
the system is a critical factor in the commercialization.
 All the components cost include: fuel cost, other operating
costs such as maintenance cost and the first cost of
equipment.
4- Cost Considerations
By: BAN Vanny & HOUR Sokaon 15

16.  The estimated manufacturing cost of SOFC APUs could be
5- SOFC Cost Structure
comparable to SOFC APUs system, while providing higher
system efficiency.
By: BAN Vanny & HOUR Sokaon 16

17.  Both PEFC and SOFC have the potential to meet
allowable cost targets and prove the technology.
 Small capacity market and high production volumes
are commercially successful.
 APUs application have to perform and demonstrate
the long life.
6- Outlook and Conclusion
By: BAN Vanny & HOUR Sokaon 17

18.  Fuel Cell attraction use in small portable units,
ranging in size from 5 W or smaller 100 W, IFC
military backpack.
 IFC and Praxair Inc., venture to develop a unit
that converts natural gas to 99.99% pure hydrogen.
1.8.6. Derivative Applications
By: BAN Vanny & HOUR Sokaon 18

19. Q & A
By: BAN Vanny & HOUR Sokaon 19

20. 清聴ありがとうございま清聴ありがとうございま
したした
By: BAN Vanny & HOUR Sokaon 20

21. Summary
• Electrolyte: is a liquid or gel that contain ions. Commonly,
electrolytes are solutions of acids, bases, or salts. Primary ions
of electrolytes are Na+, K+, Ca+, Mg+, Cl-, HPO4+.
• Low Temperature: all the fuel cell must be converted to H prior
to entering the fuel cell.
• High Temperature: Fuel Cell, CO and CH4 can internally
converted to H or directly oxidized electrochemically.
• Electrochemically (cell): device capable of either deriving
electrical energy from chemical reactionsl
• Anode Catalyst in low temperature fuel cell (mainly Platinum) is
strongly poisoned by CO.
• Direct Alcohol FC or Direct Methanol FC: use Alcohol.
• Direct Carbon FC: Solid Carbon is used directly in anode.
By: BAN Vanny & HOUR Sokaon 21

22. Summary
• Electrode ( in an electrochemical cell) is referred to as either
anode or cathode.
• Anode: defined as the electrode at which electrons leave the
cell and oxidation occurs.
• Cathode: defined as the electrode at which electrons enter the
cell and reduction occurs.
• Each Electrode: anode or cathode depending on the direction
of current through the cell.
• Catalyst: is a substance which causes the process of catalysis.
• Catalysis: is the change in rate of a chemical reaction due to the
participation of a substance called catalyst.
• Charge carrier: are ions, atoms or molecules that have gained
or lost electron, so they are electrically charged.
By: BAN Vanny & HOUR Sokaon 22

23. Summary
•AFC: 2 electrodes are separated by porous matrix saturated
with an aqueous alkaline solution, such as KOH. Aqueous
Alkaline solutions do not reject CO2, so FC become poisoned
through conversion KOH to K2CO3.
•AFC operates on pure O2 , so Poison should be removed as
much as possible.
•Fuel Cell Ship HYDRA used an AFC system with 6.5 kW net
output and efficiency 70%.
•PAFC: Reaction:
• Anode reaction: 2H₂ → 4H+
+ 4e‾
• Cathode reaction: O₂(g) + 4H+
+ 4e → 2H₂O‾
• Overall cell reaction: 2 H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O
By: BAN Vanny & HOUR Sokaon 23

24. Summary
•MCFC: electron from H2 (anode side) produce electricity
and combined with O2 from air and CO2 recycle from used
fuel, so the molecules form carbonate ion CO3– and
carbonate ion move through electrode and combine with
protons to maintain the charge balance. This is possible if
the electrolyte is very hot 600 0
C.
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25. By: BAN Vanny & HOUR Sokaon 25