Measuring

1. mCÄmNÐulbNþúHbNþalviC¢aCIv³GKÁisnIkm<úCa
I- viFIvas;pÞal; ³
eKGaceRbI]bkrN_dUcxageRkam ³
• mulTIEm:Rt ( Multimeter )
• GUmEm:Rt ma:ej:tU ( Ohmmétre a magneto )
• emhÁaGUmEm:Rt eGLicRtÚnic ( Megohmmetre
électronique )
1- kareRbIR)as;mulTiEm:Rt ³
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viFIepSgKñakñúgkarvas;er:sIusþg
;
MEASUREMENT OF THE DIFFERENT TYPE OF RESISTANCE
viFIepSgKñakñúgkarvas;er:sIusþg
;
MEASUREMENT OF THE DIFFERENT TYPE OF RESISTANCE

2. mCÄmNÐulbNþúHbNþalviC¢aCIv³GKÁisnIkm<úCa
• eKalkarN_dMeNIrkarN_ ³
RtÜtBinitümaRtdæanRbeLaHRkit
tMélsßitenAcMnuc 0
sßitenAxagsþaMtamlMgaKeBjénRbeLaHRkit
-
maRtdæanRbeLaHRkitrbs;GUmEm:RtBN’ébt
g
- ]bkrN_vas; CaTUeTAmankalIbvas;eRcIn
edIm,ITTYlPaBCak;lak;d¾RbesIrbMputRbEhl
BI
¬5 –10%
¦RtÚvEtemIl[cMBIelIRTniccg¥úlmaRtdæan .
karvas;GIusULg; Les measures D'isolement
viFankarénkarvas;GIusULg;
• GIusULg;énkartMelIg
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rUbTI
1-1

3. mCÄmNÐulbNþúHbNþalviC¢aCIv³GKÁisnIkm<úCa
- pþac;RbPBfamBlmuneBleFVIkarvas;
cMhresoKVIDIsugT½rem ehIycak;esar
.
- vas;GIusULg;rvagExScMlgskmµ
¬hVa¦ nig ExSdI .
- vas;GIusULg;rvagExScMlgskmµ
¬hVa¦ BIrmþg² CabnþrbnÞab;
pþac;]bkrN_ eRbIR)as;TaMgGs;
Rby½tñelIbUb‘Ínrbs;rWeL nig
kugtak;T½r . ]bkrN_eRbIR)as; dUcCa ³
GMBUl/ m:UT½r
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>.l.
• GIusULg;rbs;eRKOgTTYl nig ma:sIun ³
pþac;RbPBfamBlkñúgeRKOgTTYl
eyIgRtÚvvas;GIusULg; ³
- vas;rvagesoKVI rW rbMuepSgeTot
- vas;esoKVITaMgmUl rW
rbMutamry³ExSma:s;
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4. mCÄmNÐulbNþúHbNþalviC¢aCIv³GKÁisnIkm<úCa
• tMéltUcbMputrbs;er:suIsþg;GIusULg; ³
- cMeBaHkartMeLIgbNþaj BT
eKRtÚvyktMél V/1000Ω
éntg;süúgNUmINal; kñúgkartMeLIg .
- cMeBaHma:sIunKµankarkt;sMKal;eT
b:uEnþeKGnuBaØat
cMeBaHtg;süúgtUcCag 500V eKkMNt;yk
V/2000Ω
.
• kardak;eGaydMeNIrkarN_³
- dak;kalIbkugtak;Rtg;rgVas; Ω
ehIyeRCIserIstamkalIbEdlRtÚvvas; .
- P¢ab; ( Short-Circuit )
cugExSrgVas;TaMgBIrrbs;]bkrN_
ehIyeFVIkarRtÜtBinitübEnßm .
RbsinebIvamindMeNIrkareyIgRtÚvbþÚ
rfµecj .
2- kaeRbIR)as;GUmEm:Rtma:ej:tU ( Ohmetre Magneto )
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5. mCÄmNÐulbNþúHbNþalviC¢aCIv³GKÁisnIkm<úCa
P¢ab;ExSvas;rbs;]bkrN_elIeKalrbs;]bkrN_ ( )±
EdlRtÚv)anbgðaj .
dak;kalIbkugtak;[smRsbeTAtamkMrit
rgVas;EdleyIgcg;vas;
er:sIusþg;rbs;GIusULg;kac;kalIbFM ( )ΩM
/
vas;er:sIusþg;mFümkac;kalIb )( ΩK
/
er:sIusþg;tUcykkalIb )(Ω
¬emIlrUb 1-1¦xagelI
RtÜtBinitüelIeGRkg; karRkitTItaMg 0 nig ∞
elI]bkrN_ ³
3- kareRbIR)as;]bkrN_emhÁÚEm:RteGLicRtÚnic ³
eKplit]bkrN_enH
edaymansmasFatueGLicRtÚnic
EdlsIufamBlexSay ¬dUcCa fµBil¦ ]
bkrN_enHGacvas;GIusULg;)anRtwmkMrittg;süúg
( 500V, 1000V, 1500V )emIlkñúg¬rUbTI 1-2¦.
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6. mCÄmNÐulbNþúHbNþalviC¢aCIv³GKÁisnIkm<úCa
II- viFIvas;edayRbeyal ³
KWkarvas;er:sIusþg;edayeRbIv:ulEm:Rt nig
GMEBrEm:Rt ³
maneKalbMNgCaeRcInkñúgkarvas;er:sIusþg;
edIm,ITTYl)anRKb;RKan;nUvcrnþqøgkat;er:sIusþ
g; eRkamkar
vas;naeBlCamYyKñanwgkarvas;tg;süúgEdr .
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rUbTI1-2

7. mCÄmNÐulbNþúHbNþalviC¢aCIv³GKÁisnIkm<úCa
tMéler:sIusþg;RtÚv)anTTYYledaykarGnuvtþn_c
,ab;GUm 





=
R
U
I
• rUbTI 2-1AGMEBEm:Rt A vas;crnþkñúg
er:suIsþg; nig
v:ulEm:RtEdleKmindwgtMélrbs;va .
er:sIusþg;rbs;v:ulEm:RtRtÚvEtFMCager:s
Iusþg; RX eRcIndgebIlT§plmanPaBCak;lak;
¬KW RX << RV¦ rW ( RV >> RX )
• rUbTI 2-1B v:ulEm:Rtvas;tg;süúg
rYmrbs;GMEBrEm:Rt A nig er:sIusþg; RX
EdleKmin)an sÁal;tMélrbs;va .
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A
V
RX
IV
IRI
rUbTI 2-
A
V RX
rUbTI 2-
I IR
IV
U
U

8. mCÄmNÐulbNþúHbNþalviC¢aCIv³GKÁisnIkm<úCa
cMeBaHesoKVICak;lak;luHRtaEttMélRXRt
UvEtFMCagtMéler:sIusþg;kñúgrbs;GMEBr
Em:Rt
eRcIndg . ( RX >> RA )
III- karvas;er:sIusþg;tamry³s<anvItsÞÚn ( Bridge wheatstone )
1- eKalbMNg ³
viFIenHGacvas;)anrh½sehIyRtwmRtÚv
cMeBaHer:suIsþg;tMélmFüm nig er:sIusþg;tUc
ehIyRtUv)anelIk
ykmkeRbIR)as;kñúgvis½y]sSahkmµ .
2- eKalkarN_ ³
s<anenHRtÚv)anpSMeLIgedayer:sIusþg;bYn
nig hÁav:aNUEm:Rt 1
ehIyRtUv)anpÁt;pÁg;edayRbPBcrnþ Cab; (DC) .
dUckñug¬rUbTI 2-3¦
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R1
R2
RX
R
GA B
I
D
Ig
C
+
-
+ -
P (E,r)
rUbTI 2-

9. mCÄmNÐulbNþúHbNþalviC¢aCIv³GKÁisnIkm<úCa
er:sIusþg;EdlRtÚvvas;KW RX.
eyIgRtÚvrkTMnak;TMngEdlP¢ab; RX eTA nig
er:sIusþg;déTeTotrhUtdl;s<anmanlMnwg KW
hÁava:NUEm:Rt cg¥últMélsUnü .
3 l½kçx½NÐlMnwgéns<anvWtsÞÚn ³
a) KMnUsbMRBÜjrUbTI 2-2
R, R1,nig R3 Caer:sIusþg;KMrUGacERbRbÜl)an
RX Caer:sIusþg;EdlRtÚvvas;
G hÁava:NUEm:Rt
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10. mCÄmNÐulbNþúHbNþalviC¢aCIv³GKÁisnIkm<úCa
P KWCaRbPB ¬fµBil¦ kMlaMgGKÁisnIclkr E
nig er:suIsþg;kñúg r .
b) l½kçx½NÐlMnwg ³
eKsnµt;faRbPB P efr .
eKniyayfas<anmanlMnwgluHRtaEtKµancrnþq
øgkat;kñúg hÁava:NUEm:Rt G
edayeFVIkarEktMrUv R1, R2 nig R bnÞab;mkebIiIIIg
CacrnþkñúghaÁv:aNUEm:Rt
I1 qøgkat; R1 nig RX ehIy I2 qøgkat; R2 nig R .
vi)akplsgb:Utg;EsülrvagcMnuc C nig D esIµsUnü
( UCD = 0 ) rW b:Utg;EsülRtg;cMnuc D
esµIb:Utg;EsülRtg;cMnuc C .
CD VV =
¬rUbTI 2-2¦
eKGacsresr
VD – VA = R1I1 (1)
VC – VA = R2I2 (2)
VD – VB = RXI1 (3)
VC – VB = RI2(4)
eday VD = VC
naMeGay R1I1 = R2I2 (5)
ehIy RXI1 = RI2 (6)
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11. mCÄmNÐulbNþúHbNþalviC¢aCIv³GKÁisnIkm<úCa
eyIgeFVIpleFobsmamaRt (5) nig (6)
2122
2
11
1
R
R
R
R
IR
RI
IR
IR XX
=⇔=
dUecñH R
R
R
RX .
2
1
=
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