This document discusses four approaches to English language teaching: the structural approach, functional approach, communication approach, and situational approach. The structural approach focuses on mastery of language structures over vocabulary. The functional approach emphasizes the communicative and interpersonal uses of language. The communication approach stresses interaction as the means and goal of study. Finally, the situational approach presents language structures in real-world situations.

1. Four Approaches
Name: Maru Janak J
Roll no: 20
Paper name: English Language teaching
Email ID: marujanak17@gmail.com
Submitted to :Department Of English

2. Four approach
 Structural Approach
 Functional Approach
 Communication Approach
 Situational Approach

3. Definition
“Structural approach is a scientific study of the
fundamental structures of English language, their
analysis & logical arrangement.”
- Brewington .
“ The structural approach is based on the belief
that in the learning of a foreign language mastery
of structures is more important than acquisition
vocabulary.”
- Menon & patel.

4. What is Approach?
 Theoretical positions and
beliefs about the nature of
language ,the nature of
language learning, and the
applicability of both to
pedagogical setting

5. Structural Approach
• Structural approach is a prescriptive
model that suggests
learner’s should start to develop rules
for problems solving.
• In developing rules, the learner needs
to fulfill the gaps in the problem and
in doing so learner‘s problem solving.
• Structural Approach is based on the
assumption that language can best be
learnt through a science selection and
grading of structures or patterns of
sentences and vocabulary.

6. Functional Approach
• The functional approach explains
the behaviour is indebted to Smith
Freud and Durkheimnged.
• Like the language becomes medium which
depends on request of the student and it
leads towards suggestions which were
given by the teacher is call functional
approach.
• Functional approach is based on
communicative use and interpersonal use.
• Functional approach emphasize on the
functioning of a language and not on its
structure and form.

7. Communication Approach
• This approach rise in 1970’s and
1980’s. Due to the colonialism
number of student has the
opportunity to learn foreign
languages. Educators were forced to
invent new technique to involve
active participation of students.
• The communicative approach is an
approach to language teaching that
emphasize interaction as both the
means and the ultimate goal of
study.

8. Contineu…
• The linguistics and
anthropologists Dell Hymes
developed the concept of
communicative competence.
• Hymes says “there are rules of
use of without which the rules of
grammar would be useless.”
• Communicative language learning
materials were also developed in
Germany personal freedom was
emphasized.

9. Situational Approach
• Situational language teaching is an
approach developed by British applied
linguist in the 1930s to the 1960.
• While it is an approach unknown for
many teachers it had a big influence on
language courses till the 1980s.
• The language teaching is base on a
structural view of language speech;
structure and a focus on a set of basic
vocabulary are seen as the basis of
language teaching.

10. Contineu…
• This was a view similar to
American structuralisms’ such
as Fries
• However what distinguishes,
the Second language teaching
approach is it’s emphasize on
the presentation of structures
in situations.

11. Conclusion
This was a view similar to American
structuralism’s such as fries.
However what distinguishes, the second
language teaching approach it’s emphasize
on the presentation of structures in
situations.

12. Reference
 https://www.google.co.in/webhp?sourceid=chrome-
instant&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-8#q=various+approach+rodger
 http://www.slideshare.net/kishan8282/structural-approach-
54555215?ref=http://kishankubavat131416.blogspot.in/2015/10/m
y-presentation-blog.html
 https://www.google.co.in/search?q=functional+approach&espv=2
&biw=1093&bih=530&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ah
UKEwjK4fngya3QAhUIt48KHXzODZ4Q_AUIBygC