The document discusses various approaches and methods in language teaching. It defines approach as referring to theories about the nature of language and language learning. There are three main theoretical views of language that inform approaches: 1) the structural view which sees language as a system of coded meaning, 2) the functional view which sees language as a vehicle for expression, and 3) the interactional view which sees language as a tool for social relations. These theoretical views provide the framework for language teaching methods but need to be complemented by theories of how language is learned.

1. Various Approaches in and
methods in language
teaching
Name: Neelamba R Sarvaiya
Class: M.A. Part - 2
Semester: 3rd
Roll no.: 19
Paper no.: 12–A : English Language
Teaching

2. Approach and Method
•When linguists and language specialists sought
to improve the quality of language teaching in
the late nineteenth century, they often did so by
referring to general principles and theories
concerning how languages are learned, how
knowledge of language is represented and
organized in memory, or how language itself is
structured. The early applied linguists,

3. In describing methods, the difference between a
philosophy of language teaching at the level of
theory and principles, and a set of derived
procedures for teaching a language, is central. In
an attempt to clarify this difference, a scheme
was proposed by the American applied linguist
Edward Anthony in 1963. He identified three
levels of conceptualization and organization,
which he termed approach, method, and
technique.

4. Approach
•Approach refers to theories about the nature of
language and language learning that serve as
the source of practices and principles in
language teaching. We will examine the linguistic
and psycholinguistic aspects of approach in turn.

5. Theory Of Language
•Three different theoretical views of language and
Nature of language proficiency explicity or implicity
inform current approaches and methods in language
teaching.
1) Structural view
2) Functional view
3) Interaction view

6. 1. Structural view
 language is a system of structurally related
elements for the coding of meaning.
The target of language lea rning is seen to be
the mastery of elements of this system,
I. Phonological units.
II. Grammatical units.
III. Grammatical operation.
IV. Lexical items.

7. 2). Functional view
 The view that language is a vehicle for the expression
of functional meaning.
The communicative movement in language teaching
subscribes to this view of language.
•The English for specific purposes movement likewise
begins not from a structural theory of language but
from a functional account of learner needs.

8. 3). Interaction view
 Language as a vehicle for the realization
of interpersonal relations and for the
performance of social transactions
between individuals.
 Language is seen as a tool for the
creation and maintenance of social
relations.

9.  The development of interactional
approaches to language teaching
include
a. Interaction analysis
b. Conversation analysis
c. Ethnomethodology
 Interactional theories focus on
the patterns of moves, acts,
negotiation
Interaction found in conversational
exchanges.

10. Conclusion
Structural, functional, or interactional
models of language provide the axioms
and theoretical framework that may
motivate a particular teaching method,
such as Audiolingualism. But in
themselves they are inco mpl ete and
need to be complemented by theories of
languge learning.