This document provides an overview of the history of language teaching methodology. It describes how in the Classical Period from the 17th to 19th centuries, the purpose of education was religious orthodoxy and morality. Foreign language learning focused on Greek and Latin and promoting intellect. The Grammar Translation Method dominated from the 1850s to 1950s with a focus on grammar rules, translation, and memorization. Reformers in the early 20th century emphasized meaning and concepts like Gouin's Series Method. The Direct Method by Berlitz focused on oral interaction and spontaneous language use with little translation.
Linguistics and The Teacher
Yaseen Taha
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u Is linguistics a method of teaching?
u Many language teachers and learners tend to
ask this question: Why should we teach or learn
linguistics?
u What is the importance of linguistics?
u What do linguistics and teacher deal with?
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
What is Linguistics?
u What are the main branches of linguistics?
Linguistics is the scientific study of language. There are three
aspects to this study: language form, language meaning, and
language in context
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
u phonetics (the study of the production, acoustics and
hearing of speech sounds)
u phonology (the patterning of sounds)
u morphology (the structure of words)
u syntax (the structure of sentences)
u semantics (meaning)
u pragmatics (language in context)
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
Linguistics?
Phonetics
sounds
Phonology
sounds
Morpholog
y words
Syntax
sentence
Semantics
meaning
Pragmatics
meaning
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
u Linguistics is a major that gives you insight into one of the
most intriguing aspects of human knowledge and behavior.
Majoring in linguistics means that you will learn about
many aspects of human language, including sounds
(phonetics, phonology), words (morphology), sentences
(syntax), and meaning (semantics). It can involve looking
at how languages change over time (historical linguistics);
how language varies from situation to situation, group to
group, and place to place (sociolinguistics, dialectology);
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
u how people use language in context (pragmatics,
discourse analysis); how to model aspects of
language (computational linguistics); how people
acquire or learn language (language acquisition);
how people process language (psycholinguistics,
experimental linguistics); how language relates to
historical, social, and cultural issues
(anthropological linguistics); how language is
taught in a classroom setting, or how students
learn language (applied linguistics).
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
One very good reason for studying linguistics is that
language is what makes us distinctly human. Lederer (1991)
puts it in the strongest terms: “The birth of language is the
dawn of humanity …. before we had words, we were not
human beings”
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
u The relationship between linguistics and second language
teaching has always been a controversial one. Many linguists
have argued that linguistics has nothing to say to the teacher.
Sampson (1980, p.10), says: "I do not believe that linguistics has
any contribution to make to the teaching of English or the
standard Europea
This slides discuss about the nature of language, the nature of learning and the nature of language learning. In addition, this slides discuss about method and techniques in language teaching and learning.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Linguistics and The Teacher
Yaseen Taha
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
u Is linguistics a method of teaching?
u Many language teachers and learners tend to
ask this question: Why should we teach or learn
linguistics?
u What is the importance of linguistics?
u What do linguistics and teacher deal with?
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
What is Linguistics?
u What are the main branches of linguistics?
Linguistics is the scientific study of language. There are three
aspects to this study: language form, language meaning, and
language in context
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
u phonetics (the study of the production, acoustics and
hearing of speech sounds)
u phonology (the patterning of sounds)
u morphology (the structure of words)
u syntax (the structure of sentences)
u semantics (meaning)
u pragmatics (language in context)
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
Linguistics?
Phonetics
sounds
Phonology
sounds
Morpholog
y words
Syntax
sentence
Semantics
meaning
Pragmatics
meaning
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
u Linguistics is a major that gives you insight into one of the
most intriguing aspects of human knowledge and behavior.
Majoring in linguistics means that you will learn about
many aspects of human language, including sounds
(phonetics, phonology), words (morphology), sentences
(syntax), and meaning (semantics). It can involve looking
at how languages change over time (historical linguistics);
how language varies from situation to situation, group to
group, and place to place (sociolinguistics, dialectology);
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
u how people use language in context (pragmatics,
discourse analysis); how to model aspects of
language (computational linguistics); how people
acquire or learn language (language acquisition);
how people process language (psycholinguistics,
experimental linguistics); how language relates to
historical, social, and cultural issues
(anthropological linguistics); how language is
taught in a classroom setting, or how students
learn language (applied linguistics).
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
One very good reason for studying linguistics is that
language is what makes us distinctly human. Lederer (1991)
puts it in the strongest terms: “The birth of language is the
dawn of humanity …. before we had words, we were not
human beings”
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
u The relationship between linguistics and second language
teaching has always been a controversial one. Many linguists
have argued that linguistics has nothing to say to the teacher.
Sampson (1980, p.10), says: "I do not believe that linguistics has
any contribution to make to the teaching of English or the
standard Europea
This slides discuss about the nature of language, the nature of learning and the nature of language learning. In addition, this slides discuss about method and techniques in language teaching and learning.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
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http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
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It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
1. L I N G 3 0 6 T E F L M E T H O D O L O G Y I
S E M E S T E R 0 9 2
History of Language Teaching
2. Why do we need to know the history of
language teaching?
Key to the understanding of the way things are and
why they are that way.
Teachers may better comprehend the forces that
influence their profession
3. CLASSICAL PERIOD (17th , 18th and 19th centuries)
EDUCATION AS AN ARM OF THEOCRACY
Purpose of education to teach religious
orthodoxy and good moral character
FOREİGN LANGUAGE LEARNİNG ASSOCIATED
WITH THE LEARNİNG OF GREEK AND LATİN
purpose of learning a foreign language to
promote speakers’ intellectuality
1850’s: Classical method came to be known as
Grammar Translation Method
4. 1850’s to 1950’s: Grammar Translation
Emphasis on learnıng to read & wrıte
Focus on grammatical rules, syntactic structures, rote
memorization of voc. and translation of literary texts
Vocabulary is taught in the form of lists of isolated words
Long, elaborate explanations of the intricacies of grammar
are given
Medium of instruction was the mother tongue (L1)
No provision for the oral use of language
Speaking and listening were mediated via “conversation
classes”, add-ons to the main course
5. Early Mid-20th Century
Demand for ability to speak a foreign language
Reformers reconsidering the nature of langauge
and learning
Three Reformers (the way children learned
languages was relevant to how adults learned
languages)
C. Marcel
F. Gouin
T. Pendergast
6. Early Mid- 20th Century
Marcel
Emphasized the importance of understanding meaning in
language learning
Pendergast
Proposed the first structural syllabus (arranging grammatical
structures so that the easiest was taught first)
7. F. Gouin (french teacher of Latin)
Painful experience in learning German
Tried to memorize a German grammar book
and a list of 248 irregular German verbs
Observed his three-year old nephew
Came up with the following insights
Children use language to represent their
conceptions.
Language is a means of thinking, of
representing the world to oneself.
8. The Series method
Series METHOD: a method that taught learners directly
(without translation) and conceptually (without
grammatical rules and explanations) a “series” of
connected sentences that are easy to percieve.
Emphasized presenting each item in context and using gestures
to supplement verbal meaning
Taught learners directly a series of connected sentences.
Ex. I stretch out my arm. I take hold of the handle. I open the
door. I pull the door.
9. Berlitz (The Direct Method)
• Posited by Charles Berlitz
Second language learning is similar to first
language learning
Emphasis on
- oral interaction
- spontaneous use of language
- no translation
- little if any analysis of
grammatical rules and structures
10. Language Teaching Methodology
Language Teaching
Methodology
Theories of Language
and Learning
Instructional
Design Features
Observed
Teaching Practices
Objectives
Syllabus
Activities
Roles of Teachers
Roles of Learners
Materials
11. Theories of Language and Learning
Nature of language
Structural View of
Language
Functional View of
Language
Interactional View of
Language
Nature of Language
Learning
Process-oriented theories
What are the psychological
and cognitive processes
involved (habit formation,
induction, inferencing,
generalization)
Condition-oriented theories
What are the conditions that
need to be met for these
learning processes to be
activated?
12. Structural View
The most traditional of the three.
It views language as a system of structurally related
elements for the coding of meaning.
The target of language learning is mastery of
elements of this system in terms of phonological
units, grammatical units, grammatical operations,
and lexical items.
Audio lingual Method, Total Physical Response, and
the Silent Way embody this particular view of
language.
13. Functional View
Language is a vehicle for the expression of functional
meaning.
Emphasizes the semantic and communicative
dimension rather than grammatical characteristics.
Specify and organize language teaching content by
categories of meaning and function rather than by
elements of structure and grammar.
Communicative movement in language teaching is
an example.
14. Interactional View
Language is seen as a vehicle for realization of
interpersonal relations and for the performance of
social transactions between individuals.
Tool for the creation and maintenance of social
relations.
Interactional theories focus on the patterns of
moves, acts, negotiation, and interaction found in
conversations.
Language teaching content is specified and
organized by patterns of exchange.
15. Language and Learning
Your understanding of what language is and
how the learner learns will determine to a large
extent, your philosophy of education, and how you
teach English: your teaching style, your approach,
methods and classroom technique.
16. What is language?
Definition of language:
A language is considered to be a system of
communicating with other people using sounds,
symbols and words in expressing a meaning, idea or
thought.
17. What is language?
Language is a system of structurally related
elements for the coding of meaning.
What dimension of language is prioritized?
Grammatical dimension
What needs to be taught?
Phonological units
Grammatical units and operations
Lexical items
18. What is language for?
Language is a vehicle for the expression of
functional meaning.
What dimesion of language is proritized?
semantic and communicative dimension of language
What needs to be taught?
functions, notions of language
19. What is language for?
Language is a vehicle for the realization of
interpersonal relations and for the performance of
social transactions between individuals
What dimension of language is prioritized?
Interactive dimension of language
What needs to be taught?
Patterns of moves, acts negotiation and interaction found in
conversational exchanges.
20. Elements and Sub-elements of Method
Approach
Assumptions and beliefs
about language teaching and
learning
Design
Objectives
Syllabus
Activities
Roles of Teachers
Roles of Learners
Materials
Procedure
Implementational Phase
A method is theoretically
related to an approach, is
organizationally
determined by a design,
and is practically realized
in procedure
21. Approach, Methods, Methodology, Technique
According to Blackwell Encyclopedic Dictionary of Applied Linguistics
(http://www.blackwellreference.com/public/tocnode?id=g9780631214823_chunk_
g97806312148235_ss1-22) as a technical term was first proposed by Anthony in his
article ‘Approach, method and technique’ first published in 1963. He was concerned
with two problems: (1) how to relate language teaching theory and practice to each
other; (2) how to describe this relationship. His solution is conveyed in his title, the
term ‘approach’ encapsulating the theory underlying practice:I view an approach …
as a set of correlative assumptions dealing with the nature of language and the
nature of language teaching and learning. An approach is axiomatic. It describes the
nature of the subject matter to be taught. It states a point of view, a philosophy.
(Anthony, 1965: 5)Approach as a ‘set of correlative assumptions’ contrasts with
method as ‘an overall plan for the orderly presentation of language material’ (p. 6).
Moreover, ‘a method is procedural.’ A technique, on the other hand, ‘is
implementational’, ‘a particular trick, stratagem, or contrivance used to accomplish
an immediate objective’ (p. 7).An approach to language teaching and learning
represents an outline conception of the way in which these should proceed, a
seedbed from which a method springs, but is not yet a strategy specifying details of
classroom practice. There must also be a logical fit between approach and method
as, an ‘overall plan … no part of which contradicts, and all of which is based upon
the selected approach’.
22. Approach
Is the assumptions dealing with the nature of
language, and language teaching and learning.
The nature of subject matter.
Within one approach, there could be many methods.
23. Methods
Overall plan for orderly presentation of language
material.
Procedural
Theory is put into practice.
Choices are made about the particular skills to be
taught, content to be taught, and the order in which
the content will be presented.
25. Techniques
Trick, stratagem to accomplish an objective.
Must be consistent with a method and in harmony
with an approach.
Classroom procedures are described.