A SETTLEMENT IS A PLACE WHERE PEOPLE LIVE.
A SETTLEMENT MAY BE AS SMALL AS A SINGLE HOUSE IN A REMOTE AREA OR AS LARGE AS A MEGA CITY.
A SETTLEMENT MAY ALSO BE PERMANENT OR TEMPORARY (REFUGEE CAMP). AND A TEMPORARY SETTLEMENT MAY BECOME PERMANENT OVER TIME.
Forms of human settlements, Urban and Rural forms, settelments, cities, Linear city , radial city,villages, hamlets, dwelings, ec.
Town planning and architecture
HISTORY OF GARDEN CITY
FEATURES OF GARDENCITY
EXAMPLES O GARDEN CITY
REFERENCE -TOWN PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE ,R S AGRAWAL
This modular housing based in Belapur, New Mumbai, is designed by Ar. Charles Correa. This project, which was constructed in the 1980s, stands as a perfect example of affordable and high density housing, which is the need of the hour.
DOXIADIS
HUMAN SETTLEMENT AND PLANING
CONSTANTINOS APOSTOLOU DOXIADIS
THEORY OF EKISTICS
Minor shells- Micro-settlements- Meso-settlements- Macro-settlements-Ekistics Logarithm Scale:-
BY EVOLUNITARY PHASE
BY FACTOR AND DISCIPLINE
CASE STUDY: ISLAMABAD
Master Plan
Comparison of Land cover
CONCEPT OF CITY PLANNING
ROAD NETWORK & HIERARCHY
ROAD NETWORK & TRANSPORT
HOUSES AND STREET PATTERN
GRID SYSTEM
CURRENT CHALLENGES FACED BY THE CITY
Town planning and architecture
HISTORY OF GARDEN CITY
FEATURES OF GARDENCITY
EXAMPLES O GARDEN CITY
REFERENCE -TOWN PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE ,R S AGRAWAL
This modular housing based in Belapur, New Mumbai, is designed by Ar. Charles Correa. This project, which was constructed in the 1980s, stands as a perfect example of affordable and high density housing, which is the need of the hour.
DOXIADIS
HUMAN SETTLEMENT AND PLANING
CONSTANTINOS APOSTOLOU DOXIADIS
THEORY OF EKISTICS
Minor shells- Micro-settlements- Meso-settlements- Macro-settlements-Ekistics Logarithm Scale:-
BY EVOLUNITARY PHASE
BY FACTOR AND DISCIPLINE
CASE STUDY: ISLAMABAD
Master Plan
Comparison of Land cover
CONCEPT OF CITY PLANNING
ROAD NETWORK & HIERARCHY
ROAD NETWORK & TRANSPORT
HOUSES AND STREET PATTERN
GRID SYSTEM
CURRENT CHALLENGES FACED BY THE CITY
GARDEN CITY(garden city concept), the perfect blend of city and nature.
the preservation of agricultural and rural life, nature and heritage conservation, recreation, pollution minimization, and growth management as well as the city endowed the tradition of urban planning with a social and community dimensions.
The C.B.D or Central Business District is the focal point of a city. It is the commercial, office, retail, and cultural center of the city and usually is the center point for transportation networks.
Affordable housing programming for architecture - thesis projectGhassanAlhammadi1
Thesis project and programming for architecture urban farming and affordable housing that responds to the context and the housing crisis. By making work-live- and marketing activities in one city to reduce the use of viechles and make it self-sufficient. The goals to solve the housing crisis and food security in yemen
Socio economic-cultural aspects of urban realmMoksha Bhatia
Overview of cross cultural influences in city development, Contemporary culture - the metropolitan experience, Introduction to the exploration of the interface between the built environment & human behavior, Changing attitude towards urban space at global level & Special emphasis on urban space as contested domain – public private, Concept and production of everyday space
SETTLEMENTS
Is the place where people live together and engage in various social, economic, and political activities.Example: industrial activities, Agricultural activities, educational activities.
TYPES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF SETTLEMENTThe classification of settlement depends or bases on functions and number of people. According to the economic base theory which were founded on the idea that settlements (towns, cities or regions) perform two broad categories of economic activities, basic and non basic.Basic is an economic activity or function that either produces goods or market a service outside the settlement where it is located or within the settlement hence lead into growth of settlement and economic growth as a result Urban settlement is generated or found.Non basic is an economic activity or function that produces goods or markets services within the settlement in which it is located and therefore makes little contribution to settlement as a result Rural settlement is generated.
There are two major types of settlements namely Rural and Urban Settlements.
RURAL SETTLEMENT
The basic unit of rural settlements is a number of people and functions. In rural areas the main function or activity is agriculture. The cultivators most often live in scattered family settlement. Nature of settlement are isolated, hamlet, village and small market to
GARDEN CITY(garden city concept), the perfect blend of city and nature.
the preservation of agricultural and rural life, nature and heritage conservation, recreation, pollution minimization, and growth management as well as the city endowed the tradition of urban planning with a social and community dimensions.
The C.B.D or Central Business District is the focal point of a city. It is the commercial, office, retail, and cultural center of the city and usually is the center point for transportation networks.
Affordable housing programming for architecture - thesis projectGhassanAlhammadi1
Thesis project and programming for architecture urban farming and affordable housing that responds to the context and the housing crisis. By making work-live- and marketing activities in one city to reduce the use of viechles and make it self-sufficient. The goals to solve the housing crisis and food security in yemen
Socio economic-cultural aspects of urban realmMoksha Bhatia
Overview of cross cultural influences in city development, Contemporary culture - the metropolitan experience, Introduction to the exploration of the interface between the built environment & human behavior, Changing attitude towards urban space at global level & Special emphasis on urban space as contested domain – public private, Concept and production of everyday space
SETTLEMENTS
Is the place where people live together and engage in various social, economic, and political activities.Example: industrial activities, Agricultural activities, educational activities.
TYPES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF SETTLEMENTThe classification of settlement depends or bases on functions and number of people. According to the economic base theory which were founded on the idea that settlements (towns, cities or regions) perform two broad categories of economic activities, basic and non basic.Basic is an economic activity or function that either produces goods or market a service outside the settlement where it is located or within the settlement hence lead into growth of settlement and economic growth as a result Urban settlement is generated or found.Non basic is an economic activity or function that produces goods or markets services within the settlement in which it is located and therefore makes little contribution to settlement as a result Rural settlement is generated.
There are two major types of settlements namely Rural and Urban Settlements.
RURAL SETTLEMENT
The basic unit of rural settlements is a number of people and functions. In rural areas the main function or activity is agriculture. The cultivators most often live in scattered family settlement. Nature of settlement are isolated, hamlet, village and small market to
AS Level Human Geography - Urbanization and SettlementArm Punyathorn
In this chapter, we will discuss how our cities/ villages are shaped. We will look at how residential factors can affect incomes and poverty, migration and population.
A notes on explaining different types of settlements in and around the city and there transformation threw out the generation of effective urbanization of city. there disadvantages and advantages. Along with substantial explanation of an example(case study)
human settlement is a subject in architecture, which plays an important role in the study of lifestyle of human, also the evolution from the hunter man to the civilized humas
Forms of Human settlements, an important topic in Human geography. It discuss the the two kinds of settlements, rural and urban and deals with their advantages as well as disadvantages.
India is a rapidly urbanizing country with more than 30% of its population living in cities. This has led to a significant increase in demand for housing, infrastructure, and services. As a result, urban planning has become a critical aspect of India's economic and social development.
Contemporary urban planning in India aims to create sustainable, inclusive, and livable cities that can accommodate the needs of all citizens. It involves the integration of various disciplines, such as architecture, engineering, economics, and social sciences, to develop comprehensive plans that address the complex challenges of urbanization.
The Smart Cities Mission is a flagship program launched by the Indian government in 2015 to promote sustainable urban development. The mission aims to develop 100 smart cities across the country by leveraging technology and innovation.
Under this mission, cities are selected through a competitive process and provided with funding to implement projects related to infrastructure, mobility, energy, and governance. The goal is to create cities that are efficient, responsive, and citizen-friendly.
Mixed-use development is a key aspect of contemporary urban planning in India. It refers to the integration of different land uses, such as residential, commercial, and recreational, within the same area. This approach promotes walkability, reduces traffic congestion, and enhances social interaction.
Mixed-use development also supports the concept of transit-oriented development, which encourages the use of public transportation and reduces reliance on private vehicles. This approach can help to reduce air pollution and improve the overall quality of life in cities.
Green urbanism is an emerging concept in contemporary urban planning in India. It refers to the integration of green spaces, such as parks, gardens, and urban forests, within the urban fabric. This approach promotes biodiversity, improves air quality, and provides opportunities for recreation and relaxation.
Green urbanism also supports sustainable transportation modes, such as cycling and walking, and promotes the use of renewable energy sources. This approach can help to mitigate the impacts of climate change and create more resilient cities.
Green urbanism is an emerging concept in contemporary urban planning in India. It refers to the integration of green spaces, such as parks, gardens, and urban forests, within the urban fabric. This approach promotes biodiversity, improves air quality, and provides opportunities for recreation and relaxation.
Green urbanism also supports sustainable transportation modes, such as cycling and walking, and promotes the use of renewable energy sources. This approach can help to mitigate the impacts of climate change and create more resilient cities.
Green urbanism is an emerging concept in contemporary urban planning in India. It refers to the integration of green spaces, such as parks, gardens, and urban forests, within the urban fabric.
From Single Function to Integrated: The Evolution of Computer Integrated Buil...Simran Vats
Intelligent design and construction refer to the process of designing and building structures using advanced technology and innovative techniques. This approach involves a combination of engineering, architecture, and technology to create buildings that are not only aesthetically pleasing but also functional and sustainable.
The goal of intelligent design and construction is to optimize the use of resources and minimize waste. This approach involves the use of smart materials, energy-efficient systems, and innovative construction methods that reduce the carbon footprint of buildings.
As technology continues to advance, the demands placed on buildings and services are also increasing. There is a growing need for buildings to be equipped with advanced IT systems that can monitor and control various functions such as lighting, heating, ventilation, and security.
This has led to the development of intelligent building management systems that can integrate these functions into a single platform, making it easier for users to manage and control them.
User IT systems are becoming increasingly important in our daily lives, with the rise of smartphones, tablets, and other mobile devices. These systems allow us to access information and services on the go, making our lives more convenient and efficient.
In the context of building and services, user IT systems can be used to control and monitor various functions such as lighting, temperature, and security. This can lead to improved energy efficiency, cost savings, and increased comfort for users.
The Art of Intelligent Design and ConstructionSimran Vats
Intelligent design and construction refer to the process of designing and building structures using advanced technology and innovative techniques. This approach involves a combination of engineering, architecture, and technology to create buildings that are not only aesthetically pleasing but also functional and sustainable.
The goal of intelligent design and construction is to optimize the use of resources and minimize waste. This approach involves the use of smart materials, energy-efficient systems, and innovative construction methods that reduce the carbon footprint of buildings.
Smart materials are an essential component of intelligent design and construction. These materials have unique properties that allow them to respond to external stimuli such as temperature, humidity, and light. They can change their shape, color, or texture in response to these stimuli, making them ideal for use in building facades, roofs, and interior walls.
Examples of smart materials used in intelligent design and construction include shape-memory alloys, self-healing concrete, and electrochromic glass. These materials offer numerous benefits, including improved energy efficiency, reduced maintenance costs, and enhanced durability.
Energy-efficient systems are another critical aspect of intelligent design and construction. These systems include HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning), lighting, and renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power. By using these systems, buildings can reduce their energy consumption and carbon emissions.
Intelligent design and construction also involve the use of smart controls and sensors that monitor energy usage and adjust systems accordingly. For example, lighting systems can be programmed to turn off when no one is in the room, and HVAC systems can adjust the temperature based on occupancy levels.
Intelligent design and construction represent the future of building design and construction. As society becomes increasingly aware of the need for sustainable and environmentally friendly buildings, this approach will become more prevalent.
Advances in technology and materials science will continue to drive innovation in intelligent design and construction, leading to even more efficient and sustainable buildings. As we move towards a greener and more sustainable future, intelligent design and construction will play a crucial role in shaping our built environment.
Building with the Earth: The Role of Technology in Vernacular ArchitectureSimran Vats
Vernacular architecture is a style of building that uses local materials and traditional construction techniques. It is an approach that has been used for centuries in various parts of the world, and it continues to be relevant today.
The use of vernacular materials and construction technology is an essential aspect of vernacular architecture. This presentation will explore the role of construction technology in vernacular architecture and highlight the importance of using local materials in building design.
Vernacular Materials
Vernacular materials are those that are locally available and commonly used in building construction. These materials include mud, stone, timber, thatch, and bamboo, among others.
The use of vernacular materials is important because they are readily available and affordable, making them accessible to local communities. Additionally, they have proven durability and can withstand harsh weather conditions, which is essential in areas prone to natural disasters.
Construction Technology
Construction technology refers to the tools, methods, and techniques used in building construction. In vernacular architecture, construction technology is often simple and relies on manual labor rather than machinery.
The use of construction technology in vernacular architecture is essential because it allows for the efficient and effective use of local materials. For example, traditional techniques such as adobe brickmaking and rammed earth construction allow for the creation of sturdy structures using only mud and other locally available materials.
Cultural Significance
Vernacular architecture is not only practical but also culturally significant. It reflects the traditions, beliefs, and values of local communities and serves as a reminder of their heritage.
By using local materials and construction technology, vernacular architecture also promotes sustainability and reduces the environmental impact of building construction. It is a way of building that is rooted in the local context and respects the natural environment.
Contemporary Applications
While vernacular architecture has deep roots in history, it is still relevant in contemporary building design. Architects and designers continue to draw inspiration from vernacular architecture and incorporate local materials and construction techniques into their projects.
In addition to promoting sustainability and cultural preservation, the use of vernacular materials and construction technology can also create unique and visually striking buildings that stand out in their surroundings.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the use of vernacular materials and construction technology is an essential aspect of vernacular architecture. It promotes sustainability, cultural preservation, and creates unique and visually striking buildings.
As architects and designers continue to explore new ways of incorporating local materials and construction techniques into their projects, vernacular architecture will remain a
Building Resilience: Vernacular Strategies for Disaster-resistant Structures ...Simran Vats
India is a country that is prone to various disasters such as earthquakes, floods, cyclones, and landslides. These disasters have caused immense damage to life and property in the past.
One of the ways to mitigate the impact of these disasters is by constructing disaster-resistant structures using vernacular strategies.
Vernacular Strategies for Flood-Resistant Structures
In flood-prone areas, houses are constructed on raised platforms or stilts to prevent water from entering the house. The walls of the houses are made of materials that can withstand water damage such as bamboo, mud, and bricks.
Additionally, the roofs of the houses are sloped to allow rainwater to run off easily, and windows are placed at a higher level to prevent water from entering the house during floods.
Vernacular Strategies for Cyclone-Resistant Structures
In cyclone-prone areas, houses are constructed using materials that can withstand high winds such as bamboo, thatch, and mud. The roofs of the houses are sloped and reinforced to prevent them from being blown away.
Additionally, the windows of the houses are fitted with shutters to protect them from flying debris and the doors are made of strong materials to prevent them from being blown open.
Vernacular Strategies for Landslide-Resistant Structures
In landslide-prone areas, houses are constructed on stable ground and away from steep slopes. The houses are also designed to be lightweight and flexible to absorb the impact of landslides.
Furthermore, the houses are constructed using materials that can withstand the force of landslides such as bamboo, wood, and steel. The roofs of the houses are also sloped to allow rainwater to run off easily and prevent soil erosion.
Conclusion
Vernacular strategies for disaster-resistant structures have been developed over centuries by communities living in disaster-prone areas. These strategies not only help in mitigating the impact of disasters but also provide sustainable solutions that are cost-effective and environmentally friendly.
By incorporating these strategies into modern construction practices, we can create disaster-resistant structures that are resilient and can withstand the challenges posed by natural disasters.
Poverty is scarcity, dearth, or the state of one who lacks a certain amount of material
possessions or money. It includes low incomes and the inability to acquire the basic
goods and services necessary for survival with dignity
According to Mobile Orshansky who developed the poverty measurements used
by the U.S. government, “Poor is to be deprived of those goods, services and
pleasures which others around us take for granted.”
According to David Kurten, Poverty also involves social disintegration and
environmental degradation which he describes as forming the threefold human
crisis in the world today
Detailed specification of an item of work specifies the quantities of materials, proportion of mortar, workmanship, method of preparation & execution and method of measurement.
Detailed specifications of different items of works are prepared separately and describe what the work should be and these shall be executed and constructed.
paneled and glazed with iron fittings.
Each project has so many components.
It is not possible to give details to every item of work regarding quality of material and workmanship on the working drawing.
Therefore, a document containing description of materials, method of completing the work , quality of workmanship and precautions is attached with the estimate.
Before starting any work one must know detailed specification for the following reasons:
These describe the nature, class of the work and method of construction.
These give the idea for materials to be used in the work.
Total cost of project depends upon specifications adopted, strength & availability of materials.
Green architecture, or green design, is an approach to building that minimizes harmful effects on human health and the environment.
The "green" architect or designer attempts to safeguard air, water, and earth by choosing eco-friendly building materials and construction practices.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
2. SETTLEMENTS
A SETTLEMENT IS A PLACE WHERE PEOPLE
LIVE.
A SETTLEMENT MAY BE AS SMALL AS A SINGLE
HOUSE IN A REMOTE AREA OR AS LARGE AS A
MEGA CITY.
A SETTLEMENT MAY ALSO BE PERMANENT OR
TEMPORARY (REFUGEE CAMP). AND A
TEMPORARY SETTLEMENT MAY BECOME
PERMANENT OVER TIME.
A SETTLEMENT SITE AND SITUATION:
The piece of land upon a settlement is built is the
settlement site.
There are many reasons why a site might be chosen
for the development of a settlement and some factors
will be more important than others. Also, the
3.
4. SETTLEMENT SITE AND
SITUATION:
The situation of a settlement is its position in
relation to the surrounding and physical features,
many of which will have an impact on the
settlement’s type, size and function.
-However, the importance of many of the factors
explained before diminish over time as
technological advances enable people to
overcome difficulties.
-For example, a modern settlement does not
need to be close to a river because drinking water
is now piped to our homes and waterways are no
longer important for transport.
5. SETTLEMENT HIERARCHIES:
-If we group and classify a number of settlements
according to their size and shape the result is
settlement hierarchy.
-As you move up the hierarchy, the size of the
settlement and the distance between similar sized
settlements increases.
-The number of services that a settlement
provides increases with the settlement size.
6.
7. FORMS OF HUMAN
SETTLEMENTS:
Settlements can broadly be divided into two
types – Rural and Urban.
Rural settlements:
It is a sparsely populated place, like a village, with
few built-up areas where the inhabitants are
engaged in primary activities such as farming,
fishing and mining.
8.
9. Characteristics of rural
settlements:
Dominant Functions:
– mainly primary activities ( example: farming,
mining and lumbering)
Amenities:
– few amenities, poor accessibility
– gets water from rivers and wells
– may not have schools and clinics
– travel long hours to get to nearest amenities in
town or city
– footpaths, unpaved and narrow roads used to
move around.
10. Way of life:
In LDCs (least developed countries):
– simple way of life, slower pace of life
– less traffic, less pollution
– open interaction between people in the same
community
( eg, children play in an open space in a rural
settlement in china)
– family unit tend to be closely knit and community
activities throughout the year draw people together
In DCs ( Developed countries):
– higher standards of living
– greater access to amenities and services
( eg, healthcare, education).
11. Types of Rural Settlements:
Geographers have suggested various schemes of
classification.
If we group settlements found all over the country,
these can broadly be grouped
under four categories:
Compact/clustered/nucleated settlement
Semi-compact/Semi-clustered/fragmented
settlement
Hamleted settlement
Dispersed settlement.
13. Urban settlements:
Its is a densely populated area, like a town or city,
where the inhabitants are engaged in secondary
industry such as manufacturing and tertiary
industry such as tourism.
14. FORMS OF HUMAN
SETTLEMENTS
1.Compact, clustered & nucleated Settlements :
A rural settlement where a number of families live in
close proximity to each other, with fields surrounding the
collection of houses and farm buildings.
A clustered rural settlement typically includes homes,
barns , tool sheds, and other farm structures along with
religious and school structures.
Each person that lives on a clustered rural settlement is
allocated strips of land in the surrounding fields. The
strips of land are allocated differently, some people own
or rent the land. When the population of a settlement
grows too large for the capacity of the surrounding fields,
new settlements are established nearby.
Homes, public buildings, and fields in a clustered rural
settlement are arranged according to local cultural and
physical characteristics. Clustered rural settlements are
often arranged in one of two types of patterns: circular
15. Radial pattern settlements :
In this type, a number of streets converge on one centre which
may be a source of water (pond, well), a temple or mosque, a
centre of commercial activity or simply an open space.Thus,
the streets seem to be radiating from a common centre.
Examples are settlements near Gurushikar, Mount Abu in
Rajasthan,
Vindhyachal in Uttar Pradesh, etc.
Circular pattern settlements :
-The circular form consists of a central open space surrounded
by structures. T his model has a center with homes, barns,
schools, and churches and as you move away from the center,
it is surrounded by farmland.
-Small garden plots were located in the first ring surrounding
the village, with cultivated land, pastures and woodlands in
successive rings.
-They resemble model as they are circular and have a center
focal point.
16. 2.Semi-compact/Semi-clustered/fragmented settlement
-In this type of settlement the built-up area is less compact as
compared to the clustered settlement.
-It may result from segregation or fragmentation of a large compact
village.
-Some sections of a village society choose or is forced to live a little
away from the main cluster or village.
-The land-owning and dominant community occupies the central part
of the main village, whereas people of lower status of settle on the
outer flanks of the village.
Such settlements are found in Gujarat plain and parts of Rajasthan.
-It is also called hamleted clustered or quasi-compact rural
settlement. In this type
besides the main human settlement, one or more satellite
settlements (wadi, wasti) are found,which linked with the footpath
may be metalled or unmetlled road.
-It may be called fragmented or hamlated rural settlement. This type
of settlement has
number of hamlets and therefore, no recognizable central site and is
17. Nucleated settlements are towns where buildings are close together,
often clustered around a central point. The location of a nucleated
settlement can be determined by a range of factors, including being easy
to defend, close to a water supply or located at a route centre.
18. Rural and urban settlements
When people inhabit a specific area, this area is
called a “settlement.” (asentamiento)
Differences between rural and urban settlements:
-The number and concentration of inhabitants
-The economic activity of the inhabitants
-The territorial extension and its landscape
-The shape and size of streets and buildings
-The public services offered to inhabitants.
19. settlements
Dominant functions:
– residential, towns & cities, commercial and industrial
– some towns may concentrate on industries, tourism or administration
Amenities( in Singapore):
– safe drinking water form taps
– ready supply of electricity and gas
– many towns served by trains ( eg, MRT & LRT)
– community centres, town halls, schools and hospitals provided
Way of life:
– people lead a fast pace of life
– homes well-furnished with basic necessities
– amenities such as restaurants and recreational centres established to cater to
growing demands of people in urban areas.
Types of towns according to its shape
There are three types of towns;
-Street town: All the houses are situated along both sides of a road.
-Concentrate: All the houses are situated along one building. E.g: City Hall,
Church
20.
21. Types of towns according to its
economic activity
There are three types:
-Agricultural or fishing town: The majority of the
population works in the agriculture of fishing.
-“Agrociudad”: When the majority of the
population works in agriculture but the town is
similar to a city: Stop lights, buildings, services.
-Residential town: Its a continuation of the urban
environment in rural space.
22. Urban settlements
-Is the result of the concentration of the population in
cities.
-50% of the Earth’s population lives in cities.
-This varies according to the continents. In Europe
and America the number is over 75%, meanwhile in
Africa and Asia is lower than 45%.
-This settlements have a population of more than
10.000 inhabitants.
The characteristics of urban settlements are:
The predominant economic activity
According to their function
According to their landscape
23. Economic activity and city functions
Cities are classified according to their functions or main economic activity:
-Residential function
-Commercial function
-Industrial function
-Political function
-Cultural function
-Religious function
Urban structure
A city is classified according to the structure or zones in which it is divided.
These are:
Historic center: Is the zone of the city that developed the city’s origin until
the XIX century. It occupies a small, but important part of the city, because of
its cultural, historic and artistic value.
Urban expansion area: Is the part of the city that developed after the XIX
century. It mostly consists of houses for the workers of the new industries.
Periphery: Because of the enormous growth of Spanish cities in the 1960’s,
citizens started to settle outside of the city. It refers to the area surrounding
the main transport routes.