This document provides information about hormone regulation and the menstrual cycle. It discusses the roles of the nervous and endocrine systems in maintaining homeostasis through feedback mechanisms that help coordinate reproductive processes. Specifically, it describes how hormones regulate the female menstrual cycle, which occurs over four stages - the follicular stage, ovulation, luteal stage, and menstruation. It also discusses hormone roles in the male and female reproductive systems and how the nervous and endocrine systems work together to achieve homeostasis.

3. LIVING THINGS
AND THEIR
ENVIRONMENT
Quarter 3 Week 1

4.  SYSTEMS OF
COORDINATION:
HORMONE REGULATION
and
 MENSTRUAL CYCLE
TOPIC

5. CONTENT STANDARD
The learners demonstrate an understanding of:
1. organism as having feedback
mechanisms; which are coordinated by the
nervous and endocrine system
2. how these feedback mechanisms help
the organism maintain homeostasis to
reproduce and survive

6. LEARNING COMPETENCIES
•Explain the role of hormones involved in the female and
male reproductive systems
•Describe the feedback mechanisms involved in
regulating processes in the female reproductive system
(e.g., menstrual cycle)
•Describe how the nervous system coordinates and
regulates these feedback mechanisms to maintain
homeostasis.

7. Coordinating Systems of the
Body
Nervous
System
Endocrine
System
Reproductive
System

8. Throwback Activity 1
Urethra
Glans penis
Prostate Gland
Urinary Bladder
Scrotum
Testes
Vas Deferens
Seminal Vesicle
Bulbourethral Gland
Epididymis
9.
10
Carries sperm from the testes to
the urethra
Deposits sperm into the
vagina during mating
Sac of skin that holds the testis
Male gland, where sperm cells are
produced and developed
Carries and stores sperm cells
that were developed in the
testes, where sperm cells
matures
Stores the urine
Carries the sperm and urine
out of the body
Secretes thick and clear mucus that lubricates and
neutralizes any traces of acidic urine in the urethra
Secretes fluid that makes up most of
the component of the semen
Secretes slightly alkaline milky fluid that is
discharged as part of the semen

9. Throwback Activity 1
Fallopian Tube or
Oviduct
Ovary
Cervix
Uterus
Vagina
6. Fimbriae
7. Endometrium lining
Receives the penis of the male during mating,
where sperm cells are being deposited.
Lower portion of the uterus, connects the
vagina with main body of the uterus, acting
as getaway between them.
The female glands where egg cells are
being produced and developed
Serves as the passageway of matured egg from the
ovary to the uterus; site of egg fertilization
Serves as the site of egg implantation;
where fertilized egg develops
Small, finger-like projections at
the end of the fallopian tube,
through which eggs move from
ovaries to uterus

10. Male and Female Gonads
Testes
Ovary
controls
and
regulates
Testosterone
Estrogen and Progesterone
Hormones

11. What is a hormone?
HORMONES
- Chemical substance act in a very small amount.
- They have great impact on growth, appearance,
emotions and reproductive functions.
- They affect various processes in the body as
they regulate and balance the functions of
organs, tissue and cells.
- An increase or decrease in hormonal level may
result to body disorder due to hormonal
imbalance.
- Reproductive hormones play an important role
in the process of reproduction and feedback
mechanisms.

12. Important Role of Male Hormones
Gonadotrophin
Releasing
Hormone
Luteinizing Hormone- stimulates the
production of testosterone
Follicle Stimulating Hormone –stimulates
the spermatogenesis (formation and
development of sperm cells) in the testes
Stimulates the male secondary sex characteristics
and further development of sperm cells
The male reproductive system has
prostate glands. Chemicals from
these glands nourish the sperm cells
and help them mature. The
production of the sperm cells and
the release of the semen can be
regulated by the hormones that
comes from the testes, and the
pituitary gland found in the brain
area.

13. Important Role of Female Hormones
Stimulates the pituitary
gland to release LH and FSH
Regulates the ovaries to
secrete estrogen and
progesterone.
Regulates the developing follicles and the
process of oogenesis (formation of egg cells)
Secretes the estrogen and
progesterone for egg cell
development. These two hormones
are also regulated by the brain
In the female, the follicles
produce hormones that
control the growth and
release of eggs in the
ovaries. While other
hormones prepare the
uterus so a baby can grow
in it, other hormones is still
controlling the stretching of
the uterus during pregnancy.
The FSH and LH regulates
the two important cycles in
female reproductive
processes: The Ovarian
Cycle and Menstrual Cycle

14. Female Cycles
Menstrual Cycles
It is a monthly series of
changes a woman’s body
goes through in preparation
for the possibility of
pregnancy. Each month, one
of the ovaries releases an
egg, the process called
ovulation. At the same time,
hormonal changes prepare
the uterus for possible
pregnancy.

15. Female Cycles
Menstrual Cycles
Stages
1.Follicular Stage
2. Ovulation
3.Luteal Stage
4.Menstruation

16. Menstrual Cycles
Follicular Stage
1. The pituitary gland controls
and starts the cycle
2. The pituitary gland releases
hormones that cause the egg
in the ovary to mature. The
luteinizing hormone (LH)
initiates the maturation of the
follicles, converts the rapture
follicles into corpus luteum
and causes the secretion of
progesterone.

17. Menstrual Cycles
Follicular Stage
3. The FSH assists in the
maturation of the follicles and
causes the secretion of
estrogen from the follicles.
4. The ovary releases estrogen
hormone which causes the
uterine lining to thickens. As it
happens, the uterine lining
becomes thicker so fertilized
egg can attach to it.

18. Menstrual Cycles
Ovulation Stage
5. The ovary releases an egg
usually on the 14th day of the
cycle.
6. The egg moves through the
oviduct and wait few days for
possible fertilization with
sperm.

19. Menstrual Cycles
Luteal Stage
7. Let us assume there is no
fertilization. The egg enters the
uterus while the uterine lining
continues to thicken.
8. The corpus luteum raptures
causes to increase the level of
progesterone
9. The egg will no longer attach
to the uterine wall. The thick
uterine lining break off and leave
the vagina

20. Menstrual Cycles
Menstruation
10. The unfertilized egg is lost,
and some blood is lost too.
This loss of cells from the
uterine lining, blood and egg is
called menstruation. And the
cycle continues.

21. Activity 2 Let’s analyze
1. Mr. and Mrs. Cruz are
planning to have a baby. Mrs.
Cruz has a regular 28-day
menstrual cycle. If she had
her first day of menstruation
last March 1. When is the
best time for her to be
pregnant?
March 14

22. Activity 2 Let’s analyze
2. Belen has a regular
monthly period. If her
last day of
menstruation was on
January 31, when is her
ovulation period?
February 14

23. Feedback Mechanism
It is the process through
which the level of one
substance influences the
level of another substance.
The negative feedback affects
the production of hormones
in the menstrual cycle. High
levels of one hormones may
inhibit the production of
another hormone.

24. Feedback Mechanism
1. FSH stimulates the ovaries to
release estrogen. High levels
of estrogen then prevent the
further production of FSH.
2. Estrogen stimulates the
release of LH from the
pituitary gland, which turn
controls the production of
progesterone. High levels of
progesterone then inhibit
further release of LH.

25. Homeostasis: Nervous and
Endocrine System working
Together
Homeostasis – is the state reached when each part of the
body functions in equilibrium with other parts.
It is attained through the regulation of the bodily function
by the endocrine and nervous systems. Most body
system maintain homeostasis by using feedback
mechanism. When the brain receives message from the
body about an internal change in one of its systems, it
works to restore the system to its normal state

26. Homeostasis: Nervous and
Endocrine System working
Together
It is important that the amount of homeostasis in our
body is kept at the right level. To achieve homeostasis,
the nervous and endocrine system maintain a normal
range of the following:
 Body temperature
 Amount of water in the body
 Amounts of metabolic waste in the cell
 Blood calcium level
 Hormones in the blood

27. How much have you learned?
1. What is the part in the female reproductive system where the process of
fertilization takes place?
2. How many days is allotted for a regular menstrual cycle?
3. Which gland secretes GnRH that regulates the pituitary gland to release
other hormones?
4. How do you call the process by which an ovary releases an egg for a
month
Fallopian tube / Oviduct
28 days
hypothalamus
Ovulation

28. How much have you learned?
5. What are the two hormones secreted by the ovaries that stimulates
follicle development and thickening of uterine wall?
6. What endocrine gland initiates the menstrual cycle?
7. How do you call a chemical substance, acts on small amount that
regulates and controls bodily functions.
8. What kind of feedback affects the production of hormones in the
menstrual cycle?
Estrogen and Progesterone
Pituitary gland
Hormones
Negative Feedback

29. How much have you learned?
9. How do you call the male and female primary glands where sex cells
developed and produced?
10. What is the state reached when each part of the body functions is in
equilibrium with other parts?
Testes and Ovary
Homeostasis

30. Please be guided

31. Reference
Science 10
Quarter 3
Learning Packets

32. Copyright Infringement
I do not own any of the
illustrations and diagrams used in
this presentation, they belong to
the rightful owner. They have just
been used for better
understanding of the lesson.

33. PREPARED BY:
Mr. Rowel V. Engreso
Science Teacher