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The document discusses fiber optic cable types and designs. It describes the various construction elements that make up fiber optic cables, including the fiber buffer, cable core, sheath, armor, and other protective elements. It also outlines the different cable construction types for outdoor, indoor, and special use cables. Finally, it provides details on the fiber optic cable production process and specifications.

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FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 1 Outside Plant Materials – Fiber Optic Cables
Outside Plant Materials Overview Materials for Fiber Optic Networks • Optical Fibers • FO Cables • FO Closures • Connectivity • Optical Distribution Frames ODF • Cabinets, Boxes • Optical Splitter FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 2
Fiber Optic Cables Cable Design The highly application of optical fibers in transmission technologies requires a variety of cable construction designs. Based on the structure of the • fiber buffer • cable core • cable sheath • armouring and additional protective cover The cable design are selected so, that the cable infrastructure will perform reliably over a long service life (25…30 years). FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 3
Fiber Optic Cables Construction Types Optical cable designs are chosen according to specific characteristics and grouped into the following general construction types: • Outdoor cables (duct, direct buried, aerial) • Indoor cables • Special cables (such as OPGW, Sea cables, Sewage cables etc.) In all construction types it is important to assure that the optical cable core should be well protected against: • Mechanical • Thermal • Chemical effects • and very important, against moisture from the outside. FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 4
Fiber Optic Cables Construction Elements Loose buffer tube A filled tube in which the fibers float without tension and where they are protected against environmental influences Central member (element) An element which runs along the center of a cable; for fiber optic cables it is generally an anti-buckling and strengthening element GRP element Anti-buckling and strength member made of glass filaments (GRP – glass fiber reinforced plastic) Core The inner part of a cable without the jacket, mainly the tubes stranded around a central member Armoring Protective element (generally made of steel tapes, wires or belts) for cables used under special conditions, e.g. for use when directly buried, undersea or in mines, or for rodent protection Ripcord A parallel cord of strong yarn, situated under the jacket(s) for facilitating removal of cable sheath FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 5
Fiber Optic Cables Preferred Designs Dry core design (Swelling Elements) for excellent water blocking performance and easier handling Fully dielectric construction requires no grounding or potential equalization SZ stranding design allows for easy mid-span access and isolates fibers from installation and environmental rigors FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 6
Fiber Optic Cables Construction Elements Armoring Aramide yarns as tensile members Laminated Glass-fiber yarns armor as rodent protection Corrugated steel tape as protection against rodents and mechanical loads Cable sheaths Polyethylene PE sheath of outdoor cables Polyvinylchloride PVC sheath for indoor cable Polyamide PA sheath as protective coating for termite and oil resistance Other Protections Laminated aluminum tape as moisture barrier FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 7
Fiber Optic Cables Production Process (1) Cabling is the process of packaging optical fibers in a cable structure for handling and protection • Fiber Colouring Process FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 8 Optical fiber is colored in one of twelve colors
Fiber Optic Cables Production Process (2) FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 9 • Tubing Process Single optical fibers are bundled and enclosed by a gel filled extruded loose buffer tube.
Fiber Optic Cables Production Process (3) FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 10 • SZ Stranding Process Single buffer tubes are stranded around the central strength member to the core
Fiber Optic Cables Production Process (4) FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 11 • Sheathing Process A polyethylene jacket is extruded over the core of buffer tubes. Armoring is also completed in this process.
Fiber Optic Cables Production Process (5) • Marking and Spooling Process FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 12 Finished cable is hot-foil printed (inkjet for premises) and spooled onto a reel.
Fiber Optic Cables Production Process • Final Testing FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 13 Every fiber is quality tested before shipping
Fiber Optic Cables Overview of Cable Types • Direct Buried Cables • Duct Cables • Aerial Cables – ADSS – Figure-8 – OPGW – Lash • Indoor Cables FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 14
Fiber Optic Cables Direct Buried Cables FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 15 Loose Tube Cable Double Jacket – All Dielectric
Fiber Optic Cables Direct Buried Cables Loose Tube Cable Single Jacket – Single Armoured FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 16
Fiber Optic Cables Direct Buried Cables Loose Tube Cable Double Jacket – Single Armoured FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 17
Fiber Optic Cables Duct Cables Loose Tube Cable Single Jacket - Non Armoured FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 18
Fiber Optic Cables Duct Cables Loose Tube Cable Single Jacket - Non Armored Lightweight design with smaller diameter FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 19
Fiber Optic Cables Duct Cable - Air Blown Micro Cable FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 20 Loose Tube Cable Small diameter, lightweight and low friction sheath design to be blown into a micro duct by air-blown installation
Fiber Optic Cables Duct Cable - Air Blown Micro Cable Small diameter, lightweight and low friction sheath design to be blown into a micro duct by air-blown installation • Fibre count up to 72 • Outer diameter up to 6,5 mm • Different cable design options − Stranded loose tube − Central Tube − Micro Module • Optimized for installation in mini ducts FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 21
Fiber Optic Cables Duct Cable - Air Blown Micro Cable Small diameter, lightweight and low friction sheath design to be blown into a micro duct by air-blown installation FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 22 Cable diameter: ~ 3,5mm Fiber counts: 1 - 12 Attenuation at 1310nm: ≤ 0,36 dB/km Attenuation at 1550nm: ≤ 0,22 dB/km Cable diameter: ~ 2,0mm Fiber counts: 1 - 4 Attenuation at 1310nm: ≤ 0,36 dB/km Attenuation at 1550nm: ≤ 0,22 dB/km Fiber Gel filling compound 2-layer central tube HDPE jacket
Fiber Optic Cables Duct Cables Loose Tube Cable Unit (Central) – Tube Design FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 23 Central tube constructions for low fiber count <= 24 fibers
Fiber Optic Cables Duct Cables FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 24 Loose Tube (multi tube) Ribbon Cable Single Jacket – Non Armoured/Steel Armoured Ribbon cable used for high fiber counts
Fiber Optic Cables Duct Cables FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 25 Loose Tube (Unit tube) Ribbon Cable Single Jacket – Non Armoured/Steel Armoured Ribbon cable used for high fiber counts
Fiber Optic Cables Duct Cables FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 26 Slotted Core Ribbon Cable Single Jacket – Non Armoured
Fiber Optic Cables Aerial Cables - ADSS ADSS (All Dielectric Self Supporting) Stranded Loose Tube Design FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 27 Installation along wooden or concrete poles or lattice towers Strength members quantity dependent on pole distances
Fiber Optic Cables Aerial Cables – Figure-8 FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 28 Figure - 8 Type Stranded Loose Tube Design
Fiber Optic Cables Aerial Cables - OPGW OPGW – Optical Ground Wire Stranded Tube / Central Tube Design FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 29 Armoring : Single or multi-layer design, wires of Al-alloy and Al-clad steel or galvanized steel
Fiber Optic Cables Indoor Cables Riser Distribution Cable with 900 μm tight-buffered fibers FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 30
Fiber Optic Cables Indoor Cables Different Cable Constructions Loose tube and tight-buffered fiber design FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 31
Fiber Optic Cables Indoor Cables Loose Tube Cable LSZH / Flame Retardant for indoor/Outdoor FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 32 LSZH Low Smoke and Zero Halogen for indoor use Non-Halogenated and flame retardant Low smoke, low toxicity, low corrosion Flame retardant and UV-resistant sheath permit to use in indoor and outdoor applications
Fiber Optic Cables Telcordia Color Code FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 33 Color code for identification of fibers, fiber bundles and tubes The colors are #1 blue #7 red #2 orange #8 black #3 green #9 yellow #4 brown #10 violet #5 slate #11 rose #6 white #12 turquoise
Fiber Optic Cables Specification FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 34 Test procedures to IEC 60793-1 Tensile strength Impact resistance Crush resistance Bending characteristics Temperature cycling Water penetration Standard temperature range Laying and installation –5ºC to 50ºC Operation –30ºC to 70ºC Transport and storage –40ºC to 70ºC
Fiber Optic Cables Type Codes FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 35 Type Codes for Communication Cables with Optical Waveguides (Part I) A- Outdoor cable J- Indoor cable ASLH- Self-supporting aerial telecommunication cable for high voltage lines (OPGW) B Multifiber loose buffer D Multifiber loose buffer, filled F Continuous cable core filling (Petrolat) for longitudinally tightness Q Swellable elements for longitudinally tightness S Metallic element in the cable core (Z) Tensile-proof braiding of steel or polyamide wires (BN) Strain relief of glass yarns (glass yarns for rodent protection) (ZN) Sheath strain relief with non-metallic elements (ZN)2Y Polyethylene sheath with non-metallic strength (D) 2Y Laminated sheath of polyethylene and plastic barrier foil (L) (ZN) 2Y Laminated sheath made of polyethylene, Al-tape and with non-metallic strength member (L) Y Laminated sheath with Polyvinylchloride (PVC) (L) 2Y Laminated sheath with polyethylene (SR) Corrugated steel tape B Armouring (1B ...) One layer of steel tape; ... thickness of steel tape in mm (2B ...) Two layers of steel tape; ... thickness of steel tape in mm Cu Copper wire E Single-mode fiber
Fiber Optic Cables Type Codes Type Codes for Communication Cables with Optical Waveguides (Part II) FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 36 ... B ... Attenuation coefficient and bandwidth at a wavelength of 850nm ... F ... Attenuation coefficient and bandwidth at a wave length of 1300nm ... H ... Attenuation coefficient and bandwidth at a wavelength of 1550 nm FR Cable with improved flame retardance (TR ...) Supporting element of round wire; ... diameter of the wire V Tight buffered fiber Vzk Galvanized W Single-fiber loose buffer, filled Y Insulating cover, sheath or protective cover of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) 2Y Insulating cover, sheath or protective cover of polyethylene (PE) H Insulating cover or sheath of halogen-free material 4Y Insulating cover, sheath or protective cover of polyamide (PA) 6Y Insulating cover, sheath or protective cover of perfluorethylene propylene (FEP) 9Y Insulating cover, sheath or protective cover of polypropylene (PP) 11Y Sheath or protective cover of polyurethane (PUR) member LG Stranding in layers
Fiber Optic Cables Type Codes – Example of FO Cable FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 37 Example for construction and type description of Optical Fiber Cable A-DSF(L)(ZN)2Y 6x4 E/9/125 0.47F5 LG
Fiber Optic Cables Type Codes – Example of FO Cable FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 38 Example for construction and type description of Optical Fibre Cables A-DQ(ZN)2Y(SR)2Y 6 x 12 E9/125 0,36 F 3,5 + 0,23 H 18 LG A- Outdoor Cable D fibre Q Water swellable elements for longitudinally tightness (ZN)2Y non-metallic strength member, inner sheath of PE (SR)2Y Steel tape armouring and outer jacket of PE 6 x 12 number of fibres or buffer cores x number of fibers per buffer E fibre type, single mode 9/ core diameter in µm 125 cladding diameter in µm 0,36 attenuation factor in dB/km (at 1310nm) F wave length B = 850 nm F = 1.300/1.310 nm H = 1550 nm 3,5/18 band width in MHz for 1 km or dispersion factor in ps (nm x km) for single mode fibres at 1310nm/1550 0,23 attenuation factor in dB/km (at 1550nm) LG layer stranding
FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 39 Fiber Optic Cable Calculation Tool Task of the “FOC Tool” Calculation of costs for Standard Fiber Optic Cables (Valued for Quantity app. 200 - 400 km) Input Technical Requirements, Definition of Cable Type, No. fibers, Armoring, … Output Technical Data sheet Commercial Data sheet (Costs)
Fiber Optic Cable Calculation Tool Technical Data Sheet FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 40
Fiber Optic Cable Calculation Tool Commercial Data Sheet FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 41
Back up FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 42
Fiber Optic Cables Suppliers FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 43 • Preferred Suppliers • Other Suppliers www.samsung.com www.prysmian.com www.sterliteoptical.com www.superioressex.com www.drakaholding.com www.ofsinnovations.com www.lscable.com www.nwf.cn www.atc.co.za www.drakaholding.com www.mefcf.com www.omanfiber.com
Fiber Optic Cables Indoor Cables Loose Tube Cable – LSZH (low smoke and Zero Halogen) Unit tube for Indoor/Outdoor FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 44
FTTx Optimized Products Mini Cable up to 96 fibers FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 45 • Mini Cable optimized for air-blown mirco duct installation (8/10 mm ducts) • Reduced diameter and high fiber density • up to 96 fibers • Stranded loose tube construction • each buffer tube contains 16 fibers with optimized coating diameter of 200 µm • Glass Reinforced Plastic (GRP) central member. • Dry core design for quicker, cleaner cable preparation • A ripcord is applied longitudinally over the cable core, followed by an over-sheath of Nylon. Tube Diameter : 1.7 mm Cable Diameter (nominal) : 6.2 mm Cable Weight (nominal) : 30 kg/km
FTTx Optimized Products Mini Cable up to 72 fibers FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 46 • Mini Cable optimized for air-blown mirco duct installation (8/10 mm ducts) • Reduced diameter and high fiber density • up to 72 fibers • Stranded loose tube construction • each buffer tube contains 12 fibers • Glass Reinforced Plastic (GRP) central member • Dry core design for quicker, cleaner cable preparation • A ripcord is applied longitudinally over the cable core, followed by an over-sheath of Nylon. Tube Diameter : 1.7 mm Cable Diameter (nominal) : 6.1 mm Cable Weight (nominal) : 30 kg/km
FTTx Optimized Products Mini Cable up to 24 fibres FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 47 • Mini Cable optimized for air-blown mirco duct installation (8/10 mm ducts) • central filled loose tube construction • up to 24 optical fibres • Non-metallic strength elements Fibre Count up to 12 and >12 up to 24 Cable Diameter (nominal) : 4,5 - 5,0 mm Cable Weight (nominal) : 19 -21 kg/km
FTTx Optimized Products Bend Insensitive Fiber according to ITU-T G.657 FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 48 Advantages: • Allows for compact cable design • Improved mechanical and physical properties • Allows for repeated bending at very small bending radii • Withstands kinking  Ideal fiber for in-house installation with many sharp turns and harsh handling during installation Conventional Fiber (source: Sterlite) Bend insensitive Fiber (source: Sterlite)
Offered OSP Products Fiber Optic Drop Cables FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 49 • Tight buffer Drop cables (1– 4’ fibers)
Outside Plant Materials – Closures for Fiber Optic Cables FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 50
Outside Plant Materials Overview FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 51 Materials for Fiber Optic Networks • Optical Fibers • FO Cables • FO Closures • Connectivity • Optical Distribution Frames ODF • Cabinets, Boxes • Optical Splitter
Fiber Optic Closures Function and Requirements FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 52 Function of Closures • Environmental and mechanical protection of fiber optic cable joints Requirements for Closures • Water tightness • Mechanical stability (Torsion, Impact, Vibration etc.) • High mechanical strength • Temperature stability • UV-stabilised • Resistant to common contaminating fluids • Simple installation
Fiber Optic Closures Type Selection (1) FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 53 How to define the closure type: • Number of fibers, splicing capacity • Splice protection (heat shrink, crimp) • Fiber management system, splice trays • Cable type (diameter, construction) • Cable sealing (mechanical, heat shrink, gel) • Closure type (in-line, dome)
Fiber Optic Closures General Types FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 54 Inline Closure • Incoming and outgoing cables on both sides of the closure. Dome closure • All cables are fed into the closure on one side only • Excess length of cables stored preferably in a ring • The complete closure can be taken away from the storage location to a work station for installation or maintenance.
Fiber Optic Closures Splice Protectors FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 55 Splice protectors rebuild the primary coating of fiber for mechanical and environmental protection at the fusion joint area. • Heat shrink splice protector (international) • Crimp splice protector (German Telecom) Shrinking oven Crimping tool
Fiber Optic Closures Heat shrink Splice Protectors FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 56 • Protects splices with coating diameters from 250µm up to 900µm • No additional attenuation • Different length versions available (Standard: 40, 45 and 60mm) • are available for single fiber and ribbon fiber • have to be compatible with the fiber management systems and organizers • consists of - a rod for reinforcing the splice, - a low-temperature hot-melt adhesive to encapsulate and strengthen the splice - a clear, heat-shrinkable tube.
Fiber Optic Closures Crimp Splice Protectors FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 57 • Simple and reliable • Installation time less than 5 seconds • Small dimensions of 30 x 1.3 x 3.2mm • No electricity required • Proven technology (millions of splices without failures) • No additional attenuation • Protects 250µm splices with uncoated fiber length of up to 22mm
Fiber Optic Closures Splice Trays FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 58 • Mass Splicing 12-24 Splices in one tray • SE = Single Element Fiber Management (all fibers of the same buffer tube) 6 - 12 Splices in one tray • SC = Single Circuit Fiber Management (one pair of fibers relevant to the sam functional circuit) 2 Splices in one tray
Fiber Optic Closures Cable sealing types FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 59 • Mechanical (Compression fitting or rubber) • Heat shrinkable cable sealing • Gel cable sealing
Fiber Optic Closures Gel Cable Sealing FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 60 Example of Tyco Electronics Before Installation A=0 contact During Installation A= + 3mm After Installation A
Fiber Optic Closures Cable Port for Uncut Cable FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 61 • For branching fibers only the respective buffer tube have to be cut • All other fibers/buffer tubes continues without being cut and spliced (looped through) • Reduction of splicing costs • Therefore the closure must have - an oval cable port or - a divided cable port 48 F 48 F 12 F 48 F 12 F12 F 48 F 12 F Uncut cable
Fiber Optic Closures Fiber Management FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 62 Fiber routing between cable and splice tray • Buffer tube is directly connected to splice tray • Transportation tube protects the fibers of one buffer • Single fibers routed in fiber groove
Fiber Optic Closures Comparison FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 63 Features UCAO ESDF SEC15 UCNCP MFT UCNCP FOSC Compact Comp.SC MJS-CP UCNCP MAX SEC23 TL FIST- GCO2 FIST- GCOG2 Inline Type r r Dome Type r r r r r r r r r r r Single Element Trays r r r r r r r r r r r r r Single Circuit Tray. r r r r r r Single Fiber handling r r r r r r Sealing tape sealing r Mechanical cable sealing r r r r Heat shrinkable cable sealing r r r r r r r r Gel cable sealing r
Fiber Optic Closures Assessment FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 64 Criteria UCAO ESDF SEC15 UCNCP MFT UCNCP FOSC Compact CompSC MJS-CP UCNCP MAX SEC23 TL FIST- GCO2 FIST- GCOG2 Cable slack handling - - + + + + + + + + + + + Cable entrance - + o + + o o o o + o o + Fiber Management - - - - - - - + + + + + + Availibility - - - - - - - o + + + + + Mirco Cable - - - - o - - o o + + o + Cost + o + o + o + o o o o o o Total cost of ownership o o o o o o o o o + + + + Total - - - - o - - o o + + + +
Fiber Optic Closures Drop Cable Closure (Example) FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 65 Generic closure FIST-GCO2-F Integration of splice and passive component in the external network Single-ended design Base and dome are sealed with latches and O-ring system 6 or 8 round ports for drop cables and 1 oval port for looped cable The single side UMS (Universal Mounting System) frame provide the foundation for mounting combination s of SOSA2 (Splice Only Sub-Assembly) and/or SASA2 (Splitter Array Sub-Assembly) modules, Compatible with most common cable types: e.g. loose tube, central core, ribbon fiber Uncut fibers can be stored as single circuits in trays and/or as cable elements in the storage space.
Fiber Optic Closures Drop Cable Closure (Example) FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 66
Fiber Optic Closures Special Application Some network designs requires special closure configurations • Patching closure • Splitter closure • Closure in Sewerage (Metal, fate design) FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 67
Back up FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 68
Fiber Optic Closures Suppliers FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 69 • Preferred Suppliers • Other Suppliers www.prysmian.com www.sterliteoptical.com http://www.corningcablesystems.com/ http://www1.moeller.net/tochter/austria/de/buil dings/xpatch/datennetzwerkkatalog.html
Fiber Optic Closures Single Circuit Organizer Tray (SC Tray) FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 70 Single Circuit Organizer Tray (SC Tray) • designed to store the fiber splices and the extra length of fiber needed for re-splicing of one fiber optic circuit. • The size of the SC tray is kept to a minimum to ensure maximum space utilization when used in the different network products. • The arrangement of the extra fiber and the splices is such that fiber bending (minimum 30 mm) is controlled in all parts of the tray. • SC trays are designed to allow easier fiber identification and single fiber access.
Fiber Optic Closures General Requirements in Metro Networks • Junctions with a complex fiber distribution • Single circuit management for safety reasons • Easy installation, High practice fitness • Deployment on demand • High reliability of operation • Easily re-routing of existing fiber links to new user • High flexibility • Easy insertion of additional cable • Modular expandable • Cost effectiveness FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 71
Fiber Optic Closures Example for Metro Distribution Closure Generic Closure Organizer (FIST-GCO2) • 3 different sizes - up to 672 splices • Base and dome are sealed with clamp and O-ring system • 6 or 16 round ports - 1 oval port for uncut looped cable • Two profiles provide the foundation of SOSA2 and/or SASA2 • Uncut fibers can be stored as single circuits in trays or as cable elements in the storage space between the profiles • Compatible with all cable and fiber types: loose tube, central core and slotted core cable, single and ribbon fiber • Storage baskets are available for mass storage of fibers from central core cable FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 72
Fiber Optic Closures Drop Cable Closure (Example) FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 73 Splice tray Storage of uncut buffer tubes below the splice tray Splice tray Adapter panel Field mountable connectors
Fiber Optic Closures Splice Application I FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 74 Different network functions and applications Track joint Two cable lengths are spliced onto each other. The joint is not a flexibility point in the network; typically single element trays are used. This type of joint is used when at the end of the cable spool or when an outdoor cable has to be spliced to an indoor cable (cable chamber joint). Spur joint type 1 Branch a number of fibers onto another cable; the main cable continues without being cut and spliced. The fibers of the main cable are stored as tubes. Single Circuit trays are used since this is a flexibility point in the network. Spur joint type 2 Branch a number of fibers onto another cable; the main cable continues and is spliced as well. The main cable continues via single element trays.
Fiber Optic Closures Splice Application II FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 75 Different network functions and applications Spur joint type 3 Branch off a secondary ring from a main ring; the main cable continues without being cut and spliced. The fibers of the main cable are stored as tubes. Single Circuit trays are used since this is a flexibility point in the network. Spur joint type 4 Branch off a secondary ring from a main ring; the main cable continues via single element trays.

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Foa fttx material 3-4

  • 1.
    FTTx ©2004-12 TheFOA, Inc. 1 Outside Plant Materials – Fiber Optic Cables
  • 2.
    Outside Plant MaterialsOverview Materials for Fiber Optic Networks • Optical Fibers • FO Cables • FO Closures • Connectivity • Optical Distribution Frames ODF • Cabinets, Boxes • Optical Splitter FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 2
  • 3.
    Fiber Optic Cables CableDesign The highly application of optical fibers in transmission technologies requires a variety of cable construction designs. Based on the structure of the • fiber buffer • cable core • cable sheath • armouring and additional protective cover The cable design are selected so, that the cable infrastructure will perform reliably over a long service life (25…30 years). FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 3
  • 4.
    Fiber Optic CablesConstruction Types Optical cable designs are chosen according to specific characteristics and grouped into the following general construction types: • Outdoor cables (duct, direct buried, aerial) • Indoor cables • Special cables (such as OPGW, Sea cables, Sewage cables etc.) In all construction types it is important to assure that the optical cable core should be well protected against: • Mechanical • Thermal • Chemical effects • and very important, against moisture from the outside. FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 4
  • 5.
    Fiber Optic CablesConstruction Elements Loose buffer tube A filled tube in which the fibers float without tension and where they are protected against environmental influences Central member (element) An element which runs along the center of a cable; for fiber optic cables it is generally an anti-buckling and strengthening element GRP element Anti-buckling and strength member made of glass filaments (GRP – glass fiber reinforced plastic) Core The inner part of a cable without the jacket, mainly the tubes stranded around a central member Armoring Protective element (generally made of steel tapes, wires or belts) for cables used under special conditions, e.g. for use when directly buried, undersea or in mines, or for rodent protection Ripcord A parallel cord of strong yarn, situated under the jacket(s) for facilitating removal of cable sheath FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 5
  • 6.
    Fiber Optic CablesPreferred Designs Dry core design (Swelling Elements) for excellent water blocking performance and easier handling Fully dielectric construction requires no grounding or potential equalization SZ stranding design allows for easy mid-span access and isolates fibers from installation and environmental rigors FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 6
  • 7.
    Fiber Optic CablesConstruction Elements Armoring Aramide yarns as tensile members Laminated Glass-fiber yarns armor as rodent protection Corrugated steel tape as protection against rodents and mechanical loads Cable sheaths Polyethylene PE sheath of outdoor cables Polyvinylchloride PVC sheath for indoor cable Polyamide PA sheath as protective coating for termite and oil resistance Other Protections Laminated aluminum tape as moisture barrier FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 7
  • 8.
    Fiber Optic Cables ProductionProcess (1) Cabling is the process of packaging optical fibers in a cable structure for handling and protection • Fiber Colouring Process FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 8 Optical fiber is colored in one of twelve colors
  • 9.
    Fiber Optic Cables ProductionProcess (2) FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 9 • Tubing Process Single optical fibers are bundled and enclosed by a gel filled extruded loose buffer tube.
  • 10.
    Fiber Optic Cables ProductionProcess (3) FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 10 • SZ Stranding Process Single buffer tubes are stranded around the central strength member to the core
  • 11.
    Fiber Optic Cables ProductionProcess (4) FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 11 • Sheathing Process A polyethylene jacket is extruded over the core of buffer tubes. Armoring is also completed in this process.
  • 12.
    Fiber Optic Cables ProductionProcess (5) • Marking and Spooling Process FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 12 Finished cable is hot-foil printed (inkjet for premises) and spooled onto a reel.
  • 13.
    Fiber Optic Cables ProductionProcess • Final Testing FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 13 Every fiber is quality tested before shipping
  • 14.
    Fiber Optic Cables Overviewof Cable Types • Direct Buried Cables • Duct Cables • Aerial Cables – ADSS – Figure-8 – OPGW – Lash • Indoor Cables FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 14
  • 15.
    Fiber Optic Cables DirectBuried Cables FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 15 Loose Tube Cable Double Jacket – All Dielectric
  • 16.
    Fiber Optic Cables DirectBuried Cables Loose Tube Cable Single Jacket – Single Armoured FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 16
  • 17.
    Fiber Optic Cables DirectBuried Cables Loose Tube Cable Double Jacket – Single Armoured FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 17
  • 18.
    Fiber Optic Cables DuctCables Loose Tube Cable Single Jacket - Non Armoured FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 18
  • 19.
    Fiber Optic Cables DuctCables Loose Tube Cable Single Jacket - Non Armored Lightweight design with smaller diameter FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 19
  • 20.
    Fiber Optic Cables DuctCable - Air Blown Micro Cable FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 20 Loose Tube Cable Small diameter, lightweight and low friction sheath design to be blown into a micro duct by air-blown installation
  • 21.
    Fiber Optic Cables DuctCable - Air Blown Micro Cable Small diameter, lightweight and low friction sheath design to be blown into a micro duct by air-blown installation • Fibre count up to 72 • Outer diameter up to 6,5 mm • Different cable design options − Stranded loose tube − Central Tube − Micro Module • Optimized for installation in mini ducts FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 21
  • 22.
    Fiber Optic Cables DuctCable - Air Blown Micro Cable Small diameter, lightweight and low friction sheath design to be blown into a micro duct by air-blown installation FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 22 Cable diameter: ~ 3,5mm Fiber counts: 1 - 12 Attenuation at 1310nm: ≤ 0,36 dB/km Attenuation at 1550nm: ≤ 0,22 dB/km Cable diameter: ~ 2,0mm Fiber counts: 1 - 4 Attenuation at 1310nm: ≤ 0,36 dB/km Attenuation at 1550nm: ≤ 0,22 dB/km Fiber Gel filling compound 2-layer central tube HDPE jacket
  • 23.
    Fiber Optic Cables DuctCables Loose Tube Cable Unit (Central) – Tube Design FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 23 Central tube constructions for low fiber count <= 24 fibers
  • 24.
    Fiber Optic Cables DuctCables FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 24 Loose Tube (multi tube) Ribbon Cable Single Jacket – Non Armoured/Steel Armoured Ribbon cable used for high fiber counts
  • 25.
    Fiber Optic Cables DuctCables FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 25 Loose Tube (Unit tube) Ribbon Cable Single Jacket – Non Armoured/Steel Armoured Ribbon cable used for high fiber counts
  • 26.
    Fiber Optic Cables DuctCables FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 26 Slotted Core Ribbon Cable Single Jacket – Non Armoured
  • 27.
    Fiber Optic Cables AerialCables - ADSS ADSS (All Dielectric Self Supporting) Stranded Loose Tube Design FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 27 Installation along wooden or concrete poles or lattice towers Strength members quantity dependent on pole distances
  • 28.
    Fiber Optic Cables AerialCables – Figure-8 FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 28 Figure - 8 Type Stranded Loose Tube Design
  • 29.
    Fiber Optic Cables AerialCables - OPGW OPGW – Optical Ground Wire Stranded Tube / Central Tube Design FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 29 Armoring : Single or multi-layer design, wires of Al-alloy and Al-clad steel or galvanized steel
  • 30.
    Fiber Optic Cables IndoorCables Riser Distribution Cable with 900 μm tight-buffered fibers FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 30
  • 31.
    Fiber Optic Cables IndoorCables Different Cable Constructions Loose tube and tight-buffered fiber design FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 31
  • 32.
    Fiber Optic Cables IndoorCables Loose Tube Cable LSZH / Flame Retardant for indoor/Outdoor FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 32 LSZH Low Smoke and Zero Halogen for indoor use Non-Halogenated and flame retardant Low smoke, low toxicity, low corrosion Flame retardant and UV-resistant sheath permit to use in indoor and outdoor applications
  • 33.
    Fiber Optic Cables TelcordiaColor Code FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 33 Color code for identification of fibers, fiber bundles and tubes The colors are #1 blue #7 red #2 orange #8 black #3 green #9 yellow #4 brown #10 violet #5 slate #11 rose #6 white #12 turquoise
  • 34.
    Fiber Optic Cables Specification FTTx©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 34 Test procedures to IEC 60793-1 Tensile strength Impact resistance Crush resistance Bending characteristics Temperature cycling Water penetration Standard temperature range Laying and installation –5ºC to 50ºC Operation –30ºC to 70ºC Transport and storage –40ºC to 70ºC
  • 35.
    Fiber Optic Cables TypeCodes FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 35 Type Codes for Communication Cables with Optical Waveguides (Part I) A- Outdoor cable J- Indoor cable ASLH- Self-supporting aerial telecommunication cable for high voltage lines (OPGW) B Multifiber loose buffer D Multifiber loose buffer, filled F Continuous cable core filling (Petrolat) for longitudinally tightness Q Swellable elements for longitudinally tightness S Metallic element in the cable core (Z) Tensile-proof braiding of steel or polyamide wires (BN) Strain relief of glass yarns (glass yarns for rodent protection) (ZN) Sheath strain relief with non-metallic elements (ZN)2Y Polyethylene sheath with non-metallic strength (D) 2Y Laminated sheath of polyethylene and plastic barrier foil (L) (ZN) 2Y Laminated sheath made of polyethylene, Al-tape and with non-metallic strength member (L) Y Laminated sheath with Polyvinylchloride (PVC) (L) 2Y Laminated sheath with polyethylene (SR) Corrugated steel tape B Armouring (1B ...) One layer of steel tape; ... thickness of steel tape in mm (2B ...) Two layers of steel tape; ... thickness of steel tape in mm Cu Copper wire E Single-mode fiber
  • 36.
    Fiber Optic Cables TypeCodes Type Codes for Communication Cables with Optical Waveguides (Part II) FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 36 ... B ... Attenuation coefficient and bandwidth at a wavelength of 850nm ... F ... Attenuation coefficient and bandwidth at a wave length of 1300nm ... H ... Attenuation coefficient and bandwidth at a wavelength of 1550 nm FR Cable with improved flame retardance (TR ...) Supporting element of round wire; ... diameter of the wire V Tight buffered fiber Vzk Galvanized W Single-fiber loose buffer, filled Y Insulating cover, sheath or protective cover of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) 2Y Insulating cover, sheath or protective cover of polyethylene (PE) H Insulating cover or sheath of halogen-free material 4Y Insulating cover, sheath or protective cover of polyamide (PA) 6Y Insulating cover, sheath or protective cover of perfluorethylene propylene (FEP) 9Y Insulating cover, sheath or protective cover of polypropylene (PP) 11Y Sheath or protective cover of polyurethane (PUR) member LG Stranding in layers
  • 37.
    Fiber Optic Cables TypeCodes – Example of FO Cable FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 37 Example for construction and type description of Optical Fiber Cable A-DSF(L)(ZN)2Y 6x4 E/9/125 0.47F5 LG
  • 38.
    Fiber Optic Cables TypeCodes – Example of FO Cable FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 38 Example for construction and type description of Optical Fibre Cables A-DQ(ZN)2Y(SR)2Y 6 x 12 E9/125 0,36 F 3,5 + 0,23 H 18 LG A- Outdoor Cable D fibre Q Water swellable elements for longitudinally tightness (ZN)2Y non-metallic strength member, inner sheath of PE (SR)2Y Steel tape armouring and outer jacket of PE 6 x 12 number of fibres or buffer cores x number of fibers per buffer E fibre type, single mode 9/ core diameter in µm 125 cladding diameter in µm 0,36 attenuation factor in dB/km (at 1310nm) F wave length B = 850 nm F = 1.300/1.310 nm H = 1550 nm 3,5/18 band width in MHz for 1 km or dispersion factor in ps (nm x km) for single mode fibres at 1310nm/1550 0,23 attenuation factor in dB/km (at 1550nm) LG layer stranding
  • 39.
    FTTx ©2004-12 TheFOA, Inc. 39 Fiber Optic Cable Calculation Tool Task of the “FOC Tool” Calculation of costs for Standard Fiber Optic Cables (Valued for Quantity app. 200 - 400 km) Input Technical Requirements, Definition of Cable Type, No. fibers, Armoring, … Output Technical Data sheet Commercial Data sheet (Costs)
  • 40.
    Fiber Optic CableCalculation Tool Technical Data Sheet FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 40
  • 41.
    Fiber Optic CableCalculation Tool Commercial Data Sheet FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 41
  • 42.
    Back up FTTx ©2004-12The FOA, Inc. 42
  • 43.
    Fiber Optic CablesSuppliers FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 43 • Preferred Suppliers • Other Suppliers www.samsung.com www.prysmian.com www.sterliteoptical.com www.superioressex.com www.drakaholding.com www.ofsinnovations.com www.lscable.com www.nwf.cn www.atc.co.za www.drakaholding.com www.mefcf.com www.omanfiber.com
  • 44.
    Fiber Optic Cables IndoorCables Loose Tube Cable – LSZH (low smoke and Zero Halogen) Unit tube for Indoor/Outdoor FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 44
  • 45.
    FTTx Optimized Products MiniCable up to 96 fibers FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 45 • Mini Cable optimized for air-blown mirco duct installation (8/10 mm ducts) • Reduced diameter and high fiber density • up to 96 fibers • Stranded loose tube construction • each buffer tube contains 16 fibers with optimized coating diameter of 200 µm • Glass Reinforced Plastic (GRP) central member. • Dry core design for quicker, cleaner cable preparation • A ripcord is applied longitudinally over the cable core, followed by an over-sheath of Nylon. Tube Diameter : 1.7 mm Cable Diameter (nominal) : 6.2 mm Cable Weight (nominal) : 30 kg/km
  • 46.
    FTTx Optimized Products MiniCable up to 72 fibers FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 46 • Mini Cable optimized for air-blown mirco duct installation (8/10 mm ducts) • Reduced diameter and high fiber density • up to 72 fibers • Stranded loose tube construction • each buffer tube contains 12 fibers • Glass Reinforced Plastic (GRP) central member • Dry core design for quicker, cleaner cable preparation • A ripcord is applied longitudinally over the cable core, followed by an over-sheath of Nylon. Tube Diameter : 1.7 mm Cable Diameter (nominal) : 6.1 mm Cable Weight (nominal) : 30 kg/km
  • 47.
    FTTx Optimized Products MiniCable up to 24 fibres FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 47 • Mini Cable optimized for air-blown mirco duct installation (8/10 mm ducts) • central filled loose tube construction • up to 24 optical fibres • Non-metallic strength elements Fibre Count up to 12 and >12 up to 24 Cable Diameter (nominal) : 4,5 - 5,0 mm Cable Weight (nominal) : 19 -21 kg/km
  • 48.
    FTTx Optimized Products BendInsensitive Fiber according to ITU-T G.657 FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 48 Advantages: • Allows for compact cable design • Improved mechanical and physical properties • Allows for repeated bending at very small bending radii • Withstands kinking  Ideal fiber for in-house installation with many sharp turns and harsh handling during installation Conventional Fiber (source: Sterlite) Bend insensitive Fiber (source: Sterlite)
  • 49.
    Offered OSP Products FiberOptic Drop Cables FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 49 • Tight buffer Drop cables (1– 4’ fibers)
  • 50.
    Outside Plant Materials– Closures for Fiber Optic Cables FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 50
  • 51.
    Outside Plant MaterialsOverview FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 51 Materials for Fiber Optic Networks • Optical Fibers • FO Cables • FO Closures • Connectivity • Optical Distribution Frames ODF • Cabinets, Boxes • Optical Splitter
  • 52.
    Fiber Optic Closures Functionand Requirements FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 52 Function of Closures • Environmental and mechanical protection of fiber optic cable joints Requirements for Closures • Water tightness • Mechanical stability (Torsion, Impact, Vibration etc.) • High mechanical strength • Temperature stability • UV-stabilised • Resistant to common contaminating fluids • Simple installation
  • 53.
    Fiber Optic Closures TypeSelection (1) FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 53 How to define the closure type: • Number of fibers, splicing capacity • Splice protection (heat shrink, crimp) • Fiber management system, splice trays • Cable type (diameter, construction) • Cable sealing (mechanical, heat shrink, gel) • Closure type (in-line, dome)
  • 54.
    Fiber Optic Closures GeneralTypes FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 54 Inline Closure • Incoming and outgoing cables on both sides of the closure. Dome closure • All cables are fed into the closure on one side only • Excess length of cables stored preferably in a ring • The complete closure can be taken away from the storage location to a work station for installation or maintenance.
  • 55.
    Fiber Optic Closures SpliceProtectors FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 55 Splice protectors rebuild the primary coating of fiber for mechanical and environmental protection at the fusion joint area. • Heat shrink splice protector (international) • Crimp splice protector (German Telecom) Shrinking oven Crimping tool
  • 56.
    Fiber Optic Closures Heatshrink Splice Protectors FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 56 • Protects splices with coating diameters from 250µm up to 900µm • No additional attenuation • Different length versions available (Standard: 40, 45 and 60mm) • are available for single fiber and ribbon fiber • have to be compatible with the fiber management systems and organizers • consists of - a rod for reinforcing the splice, - a low-temperature hot-melt adhesive to encapsulate and strengthen the splice - a clear, heat-shrinkable tube.
  • 57.
    Fiber Optic Closures CrimpSplice Protectors FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 57 • Simple and reliable • Installation time less than 5 seconds • Small dimensions of 30 x 1.3 x 3.2mm • No electricity required • Proven technology (millions of splices without failures) • No additional attenuation • Protects 250µm splices with uncoated fiber length of up to 22mm
  • 58.
    Fiber Optic Closures SpliceTrays FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 58 • Mass Splicing 12-24 Splices in one tray • SE = Single Element Fiber Management (all fibers of the same buffer tube) 6 - 12 Splices in one tray • SC = Single Circuit Fiber Management (one pair of fibers relevant to the sam functional circuit) 2 Splices in one tray
  • 59.
    Fiber Optic Closures Cablesealing types FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 59 • Mechanical (Compression fitting or rubber) • Heat shrinkable cable sealing • Gel cable sealing
  • 60.
    Fiber Optic Closures GelCable Sealing FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 60 Example of Tyco Electronics Before Installation A=0 contact During Installation A= + 3mm After Installation A
  • 61.
    Fiber Optic Closures CablePort for Uncut Cable FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 61 • For branching fibers only the respective buffer tube have to be cut • All other fibers/buffer tubes continues without being cut and spliced (looped through) • Reduction of splicing costs • Therefore the closure must have - an oval cable port or - a divided cable port 48 F 48 F 12 F 48 F 12 F12 F 48 F 12 F Uncut cable
  • 62.
    Fiber Optic Closures FiberManagement FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 62 Fiber routing between cable and splice tray • Buffer tube is directly connected to splice tray • Transportation tube protects the fibers of one buffer • Single fibers routed in fiber groove
  • 63.
    Fiber Optic ClosuresComparison FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 63 Features UCAO ESDF SEC15 UCNCP MFT UCNCP FOSC Compact Comp.SC MJS-CP UCNCP MAX SEC23 TL FIST- GCO2 FIST- GCOG2 Inline Type r r Dome Type r r r r r r r r r r r Single Element Trays r r r r r r r r r r r r r Single Circuit Tray. r r r r r r Single Fiber handling r r r r r r Sealing tape sealing r Mechanical cable sealing r r r r Heat shrinkable cable sealing r r r r r r r r Gel cable sealing r
  • 64.
    Fiber Optic ClosuresAssessment FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 64 Criteria UCAO ESDF SEC15 UCNCP MFT UCNCP FOSC Compact CompSC MJS-CP UCNCP MAX SEC23 TL FIST- GCO2 FIST- GCOG2 Cable slack handling - - + + + + + + + + + + + Cable entrance - + o + + o o o o + o o + Fiber Management - - - - - - - + + + + + + Availibility - - - - - - - o + + + + + Mirco Cable - - - - o - - o o + + o + Cost + o + o + o + o o o o o o Total cost of ownership o o o o o o o o o + + + + Total - - - - o - - o o + + + +
  • 65.
    Fiber Optic Closures DropCable Closure (Example) FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 65 Generic closure FIST-GCO2-F Integration of splice and passive component in the external network Single-ended design Base and dome are sealed with latches and O-ring system 6 or 8 round ports for drop cables and 1 oval port for looped cable The single side UMS (Universal Mounting System) frame provide the foundation for mounting combination s of SOSA2 (Splice Only Sub-Assembly) and/or SASA2 (Splitter Array Sub-Assembly) modules, Compatible with most common cable types: e.g. loose tube, central core, ribbon fiber Uncut fibers can be stored as single circuits in trays and/or as cable elements in the storage space.
  • 66.
    Fiber Optic Closures DropCable Closure (Example) FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 66
  • 67.
    Fiber Optic Closures SpecialApplication Some network designs requires special closure configurations • Patching closure • Splitter closure • Closure in Sewerage (Metal, fate design) FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 67
  • 68.
    Back up FTTx ©2004-12The FOA, Inc. 68
  • 69.
    Fiber Optic Closures Suppliers FTTx©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 69 • Preferred Suppliers • Other Suppliers www.prysmian.com www.sterliteoptical.com http://www.corningcablesystems.com/ http://www1.moeller.net/tochter/austria/de/buil dings/xpatch/datennetzwerkkatalog.html
  • 70.
    Fiber Optic Closures SingleCircuit Organizer Tray (SC Tray) FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 70 Single Circuit Organizer Tray (SC Tray) • designed to store the fiber splices and the extra length of fiber needed for re-splicing of one fiber optic circuit. • The size of the SC tray is kept to a minimum to ensure maximum space utilization when used in the different network products. • The arrangement of the extra fiber and the splices is such that fiber bending (minimum 30 mm) is controlled in all parts of the tray. • SC trays are designed to allow easier fiber identification and single fiber access.
  • 71.
    Fiber Optic Closures GeneralRequirements in Metro Networks • Junctions with a complex fiber distribution • Single circuit management for safety reasons • Easy installation, High practice fitness • Deployment on demand • High reliability of operation • Easily re-routing of existing fiber links to new user • High flexibility • Easy insertion of additional cable • Modular expandable • Cost effectiveness FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 71
  • 72.
    Fiber Optic Closures Examplefor Metro Distribution Closure Generic Closure Organizer (FIST-GCO2) • 3 different sizes - up to 672 splices • Base and dome are sealed with clamp and O-ring system • 6 or 16 round ports - 1 oval port for uncut looped cable • Two profiles provide the foundation of SOSA2 and/or SASA2 • Uncut fibers can be stored as single circuits in trays or as cable elements in the storage space between the profiles • Compatible with all cable and fiber types: loose tube, central core and slotted core cable, single and ribbon fiber • Storage baskets are available for mass storage of fibers from central core cable FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 72
  • 73.
    Fiber Optic Closures DropCable Closure (Example) FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 73 Splice tray Storage of uncut buffer tubes below the splice tray Splice tray Adapter panel Field mountable connectors
  • 74.
    Fiber Optic Closures SpliceApplication I FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 74 Different network functions and applications Track joint Two cable lengths are spliced onto each other. The joint is not a flexibility point in the network; typically single element trays are used. This type of joint is used when at the end of the cable spool or when an outdoor cable has to be spliced to an indoor cable (cable chamber joint). Spur joint type 1 Branch a number of fibers onto another cable; the main cable continues without being cut and spliced. The fibers of the main cable are stored as tubes. Single Circuit trays are used since this is a flexibility point in the network. Spur joint type 2 Branch a number of fibers onto another cable; the main cable continues and is spliced as well. The main cable continues via single element trays.
  • 75.
    Fiber Optic Closures SpliceApplication II FTTx ©2004-12 The FOA, Inc. 75 Different network functions and applications Spur joint type 3 Branch off a secondary ring from a main ring; the main cable continues without being cut and spliced. The fibers of the main cable are stored as tubes. Single Circuit trays are used since this is a flexibility point in the network. Spur joint type 4 Branch off a secondary ring from a main ring; the main cable continues via single element trays.