presentation video of this slides is available on YouTube. this presentation is for both part 1 and part 2 videos. on YouTube.

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QoS in 5G
A comprehensive study
Pourya Alinezhad
www.palinezhad.ir
www.linkedin.com/in/pourya-alinezhad/

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Agenda
6 slides
2
Background
7 Slides
4G vs 5G QoS
1 Slide
Standards on 5G QoS
1
2
3

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Agenda
6 slides
3
5G QoS Architecture
10 slides
QoS Flow characteristics
8 slides
QoS Flow provisioning and mapping
4
5
6

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Agenda
6 slides
4
1 slide
Conclusion
Available at the bottom of each page!
References
7
8
9
Examples/SDAP/NB-IoT/QoS & Slicing/Q

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Why QOS?
5
Operator enterprise offerings in the 5G era
Source: GSMA -THE 5G GUIDE - A REFERENCE FOR OPERATORS APRIL- 2019
Operators can better monetise connectivity using a custom-bulit or customised connectivity offering.
1
2
3

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Selected differentiated connectivity mechanisms (1974 – 2018)
Source: GSMA -THE 5G GUIDE - A REFERENCE FOR OPERATORS APRIL- 2019

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Business model options for cloud AR/VR in the 5G era
GSMA -THE 5G GUIDE - A REFERENCE FOR OPERATORS APRIL- 2019

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IMT-2020 5G REQUIREMENTS: ITU-R

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9
9
Quality of Service (QoS), Huawei Technologies Co LTD, 2019
The factors that affect the network service quality
need to be learned to improve network quality:
Bandwidth Delay Jitter
Packet Loss
rate
The factors that affect the network service quality
need to be learned to improve network quality:
Bandwidth Delay Jitter
Packet Loss
rate
QoS indicators
The acceptable E2E delay
for VOIP is 150 to 200 ms
• increase link bandwidth
• prioritizing
• layer 2 payload compression
• RTP header compression

10. www.palinezhad.ir 10
10
10
Quality of Service (QoS), Huawei Technologies Co LTD, 2019
How are QoS
indicators defined
within proper
ranges to improve
network service
quality?
Best-Effort
Integrated Service
(IntServ)
Differentiated
Service (DiffServ)
Traffic classification
and marking
Traffic policing,
traffic shaping,
interface-based
rate limiting
Congestion
management and
congestion
avoidance
RSVP

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Agenda
6 slides
11
Background
7 Slides
4G vs 5G QoS
1 slide
Standards on 5G QoS
1
2
3

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QoS mechanisms offered by 4G
12
Source: 5G Core Networks, Book, 2019
https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780081030097/5g-core-networks

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QoS mechanisms offered by 4G
13
13
The concept of QoS in LTE is based on bearers.
An LTE bearer is a transmission path through the
infrastructure and radio interface with a defined capacity,
latency and packet loss.
five primary QoS parameters that could be
determined for the EPS bearer in 4G.
QoS Class Identifier
(QCI)
Allocation and
Retention Priority
(ARP)
Guaranteed Bit
Rate (GBR)
Maximum Bit
Rate (MBR)
Aggregate
Maximum Bit Rate
(AMBR)
Quality of Service in 4G/5G networks – Prerequisite for Critical Communications Services - White Paper - airbus

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4G- The QoS differentiation within an EPS bearer
14
14
https://www.netmanias.com/en/?m=view&id=techdocs&no=10434
An SDF refers to a
group of IP flows
associated with a service
that a user is using,
while an EPS bearer
refers to IP flows of
aggregated SDFs that
have the same QoS
class.
As QoS is provided by EPS
bearers when the SDFs are
delivered over the LTE
network, each SDF is mapped
by the P-GW to an EPS bearer
that satisfies its QoS
requirement, and then
delivered to the UE.
Packet filtering into different bearers is based on TFTs. The TFTs
use IP header information such as source and destination IP
addresses and TCP port numbers to filter packets such as
VoIP from web-browsing traffic, so that each can be sent down
the respective bearers with appropriate QoS.

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4G Qos Provisioning
15

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SDF and EPS Bearer QoS Parameters
16
https://www.netmanias.com/en/?m=view&id=techdocs&no=10434
SDF 5 =GBR 500KB/s
EPS Bearer - GBR=2Mbps
SDF 3 =GBR 1MB/s
SDF 4 =GBR 1MB/s

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QoS mechanisms offered by 5G
17
Source: 5G Core Networks, Book, 2019
https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780081030097/5g-core-networks

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5G - The QoS differentiation within a PDU session
18
https://netmanias.com/en/post/oneshot/14105/5g/5g-qos

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5G vs 4G QoS
19
http://5gblogs.com/5g-quality-of-services-qos/

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Agenda
6 slides
21
Background
7 Slides
4G vs 5G QoS
1 Slide
Standards on 5G QoS
1
2
3

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Standards on 5G QoS
3GPP TS 23.501 V16.6.0 (2020-09)
3rd Generation Partnership Project;Technical Specification
Group Core Network and Terminals; Non-Access-Stratum (NAS)
protocol for 5G System (5GS); Stage 3; (Release 17)
3GPP TS 38.300 V16.3.0 (2020-09)
Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network;
NR; NR and NG-RAN Overall Description; Stage 2 (Release 16)
3GPP TS 23.502 V16.6.0 (2020-09)
Technical Specification Group Services and System Aspects;
Procedures for the 5G System (5GS); Stage 2 (Release 16)
3GPP TS 23.503 V16.6.0 (2020-09)
Technical Specification Group Services and System Aspects;
Policy and charging control framework for the 5G System (5GS);
Stage 2 (Release 16)

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Agenda
6 slides
23
5G QoS Architecture
10 slides
QoS Flow characteristics
8 Slides
QoS Flow provisioning and mapping
4
5
6

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QoS Architecture in 5G
24
UPF
NB
UE
PDU Session
Radio NG-U
NG-RAN 5GC
Radio Bearer NG-U Tunnel
QoS Flow
QoS Flow
Radio Bearer
QoS Flow
Source: TS 38.300

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QoS Architecture in 5G
25
Source: TS 38.300

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Reflective QoS
The concept of Reflective QoS was developed to minimize the
need for NAS signaling between the UE and the Core Network
when enabling QoS differentiation.
Source: 5G Core Networks, Book, 2019
https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780081030097/5g-core-networks

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Enabling Reflective QoS
The Reflective QoS is controlled by the 5GC on a per-packet
basis by using the Reflective QoS Indication (RQI) in the
encapsulation header on N3 (and N9) reference point together
with the QFI, and a Reflective QoS Timer (RQ Timer).
Source: 5G Core Networks, Book, 2019
https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780081030097/5g-core-networks

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Controlling Reflective QoS
Source: 5G Core Networks, Book, 2019
https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780081030097/5g-core-networks

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QoS Flow characteristics
29
At NAS level, a QoS flow is
characterised by a QoS profile
provided by 5GC to NG-RAN
and QoS rule(s) provided by
5GC to the UE
The QoS rules dictates the
mapping between uplink
User Plane traffic and QoS
flows to the UE.
The QoS profile is used by
NG-RAN to determine the
treatment on the radio
interface.
GBR
Non-GBR
Source: TS 38.300

29. www.palinezhad.ir
Agenda
6 slides
30
5G QoS Architecture
10 slides
QoS Flow characteristics
8 Slides
QoS Flow provisioning and mapping
4
5
6

30. www.palinezhad.ir
QoS Rules
31
Each signalled QoS rule contains:
a ) an indication of whether the QoS rule is the default QoS rule;
b) a QoS rule identifier (QRI);
c) a QoS flow identifier (QFI);
d) optionally, a set of packet filters; (varies for UL and DL on scenarios for default or none default Qos rules)
e) a precedence value
The UE performs the classification and marking of UL User plane traffic, i.e. the
association of UL traffic to QoS Flows, based on QoS rules.
The NAS protocol enables
the network to provide the
UE with signalled QoS
rules associated with a
PDU session.
Or maybe implicitly derived by
the UE by applying Reflective
QoS.
Source: TS 23.501

31. www.palinezhad.ir
Some Descriptions in 5G QoS
Source: TS 38.300
Guaranteed Flow Bit Rate (GFBR - UL, DL) specifies the bit rate that is guaranteed to be provided by the
network to the QoS Flow over the Averaging Time Window
Maximum Flow Bit Rate (MFBR - UL, DL) specifies the highest bit rate limit that is expected from the
specified QoS flow
Qos Notification Control can be requested from the NG-RAN when the GFBR can not be fulfilled for the
QoS flow during the lifetime of this QoS flow
Maximum Packet Loss Rate (UL, DL) indicates the maximum rate of lost packets which can be tolerated
for the specified QoS flow
Reflective QoS Attribute (RQA) indicates certain traffic for the specified QoS flow which can be subjected to
reflective QoS treatment.

32. www.palinezhad.ir
QoS profile
A 5G QoS Identifier (5QI);
An Allocation and Retention Priority (ARP).
Only in case of a GBR QoS flow:
(shall be included)
- Guaranteed Flow Bit Rate (GFBR) for both uplink and downlink
- Maximum Flow Bit Rate (MFBR) for both uplink and downlink
- optionally averaging window, applicable for both UL and DL;
(May be included)
- Maximum Packet Loss Rate for both uplink and downlink; (just for
voice media)
- Delay Critical Resource Type;
- Notification Control.
Only in case of Non-GBR QoS:
- Reflective QoS Attribute (RQA);
- Additional QoS Flow Information.
33
Source: TS 38.300
For each QoS Flow, the QoS profile shall include this QoS parameters:

33. www.palinezhad.ir
Resource Type
• GBR
• None-GBR
• Delay-critical
GBR resource
types
Priority level
• indicates a
priority in
scheduling
resources among
QoS Flows. The
lowest Priority
Level value
corresponds to
the highest
priority
Packet Delay
Budget (PDB)
• defines an upper
bound for the
time that a packet
may be delayed
between the UE
and the UPF that
terminates the N6
interface
Packet Error Rate
(PER)
• defines an upper
bound for a rate
of non-
congestion
related packet
losses
Averaging
window
• represents the
duration over
which the
Guaranteed Flow
Bit Rate (GFBR)
and Maximum
Flow Bit Rate
(MFBR) shall be
calculated (e.g. in
the (R) AN, UPF,
UE)
Maximum Data
Burst Volume
(MDBV)
• denotes the
largest amount of
data that the 5G-
AN is required to
serve within a
period of 5G-AN
PDB
5QI and its characteristics
34
Source: TS 23.501
*The Packet Delay Budget (PDB)
*The Packet Error Rate (PER)
The 5QI is equivalent to the QCI in 4G LTE. The 5QI values are as far as possible aligned
with the EPS Standardized QCI characteristics, defined in Table 6.1.7-A in 3GPP TS
23.203, which makes mapping of QoS easier e.g. during mobility between 5GS and EPS.

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5QI values - GBR
35
5QI
Value
Resourc
e Type
Default
Priority
Level
Packet Delay
Budget
Packet
Error
Rate
Default
Maximum Data
Burst Volume
Default
Averaging
Window
Example Services
1
GBR
20 100 ms 10-2 N/A 2000 ms Conversational Voice
2 40 150 ms 10-3 N/A 2000 ms Conversational Video (Live Streaming)
3 30 50 ms 10-3 N/A 2000 ms
Real Time Gaming, V2X messages
Electricity distribution – medium voltage, Process
automation - monitoring
4 50 300 ms 10-6 N/A 2000 ms Non-Conversational Video (Buffered Streaming)
65 7 75 ms
10-2 N/A 2000 ms
Mission Critical user plane Push To Talk voice (e.g.,
MCPTT)
66 20 100 ms 10-2 N/A 2000 ms Non-Mission-Critical user plane Push To Talk voice
67 15 100 ms 10-3 N/A 2000 ms Mission Critical Video user plane
75 Not supported in this standard version.
71 56 150 ms 10-6 N/A 2000 ms "Live" Uplink Streaming (e.g. TS 26.238 [76])
72 56 300 ms 10-4 N/A 2000 ms "Live" Uplink Streaming (e.g. TS 26.238 [76])
73 56 300 ms 10-8 N/A 2000 ms "Live" Uplink Streaming (e.g. TS 26.238 [76])
74 56 500 ms 10-8 N/A 2000 ms "Live" Uplink Streaming (e.g. TS 26.238 [76])
76 56 500 ms 10-4 N/A 2000 ms "Live" Uplink Streaming (e.g. TS 26.238 [76])
Source: TS 23.501

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QCI Resource
Type
Priority
Level
Packet Delay
Budget
Packet Error Loss
Rate
Example Services
1
GBR
2 100 ms 10-2 Conversational Voice
2 4 150 ms 10-3 Conversational Video (Live Streaming)
3 3 50 ms 10-3
Real Time Gaming, V2X messages
Electricity distribution - medium voltage (e.g. TS 22.261 [51]
clause 7.2.2)
Process automation - monitoring (e.g. TS 22.261 [51] clause 7.2.2)
4 5 300 ms 10-6 Non-Conversational Video (Buffered Streaming)
65 0.7 75 ms
10-2 Mission Critical user plane Push To Talk voice (e.g., MCPTT)
66
2
100 ms
10-2 Non-Mission-Critical user plane Push To Talk voice
67
1.5
100 ms
10-3 Mission Critical Video user plane
75 2.5 50 ms 10-2 V2X messages
71 5.6 150ms 10-6 "Live" Uplink Streaming (e.g. TS 26.238 [53])
72 5.6 300ms 10-4 "Live" Uplink Streaming (e.g. TS 26.238 [53])
73 5.6 300ms 10-8 "Live" Uplink Streaming (e.g. TS 26.238 [53])
74 5.6
500ms
10-8 "Live" Uplink Streaming (e.g. TS 26.238 [53])
76 5.6 500ms 10-4 "Live" Uplink Streaming (e.g. TS 26.238 [53])
4G QCI values - GBR
36
Source: Table 6.1.7-A of TS23.203

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5QI values – None GBR
37
5QI
Value
Resource
Type
Default
Priority
Level
Packet Delay
Budget
Packet
Error
Rate
Default
Maximum Data
Burst Volume
Default
Averaging Window
Example Services
5
Non-GBR
10 100 ms 10-6 N/A N/A IMS Signalling
6
60 300 ms 10-6 N/A N/A
Video (Buffered Streaming)
TCP-based (e.g., www, e-mail, chat,
ftp, p2p file sharing, progressive
video, etc.)
7
70
100 ms
10-3 N/A N/A
Voice,
Video (Live Streaming)
Interactive Gaming
8
80
300 ms
10-6 N/A N/A
Video (Buffered Streaming)
TCP-based (e.g., www, e-mail, chat,
ftp, p2p file sharing, progressive
9
90 video, etc.)
69 5 60 ms 10-6 N/A N/A
Mission Critical delay sensitive
signalling (e.g., MC-PTT signalling)
70 55 200 ms 10-6 N/A N/A
Mission Critical Data (e.g. example
services are the same as 5QI 6/8/9)
79 65 50 ms 10-2 N/A N/A V2X messages
80 68 10 ms 10-6 N/A N/A
Low Latency eMBB applications
Augmented Reality
Source: TS 23.501

37. www.palinezhad.ir
QCI
Resource
Type
Priority
Level
Packet Delay
Budget
Packet Error
Loss
Rate
Example Services
5
Non-GBR
1 100 ms 10-6 IMS Signalling
6
6
300 ms
10-6
Video (Buffered Streaming)
TCP-based (e.g., www, e-mail, chat, ftp, p2p file sharing,
progressive video, etc.)
7
7
100 ms
10-3
Voice,
Video (Live Streaming)
Interactive Gaming
8
8
300 ms
10-6 Video (Buffered Streaming)
TCP-based (e.g., www, e-mail, chat, ftp, p2p file
9 9 sharing, progressive video, etc.)
69 0.5 60 ms 10-6 Mission Critical delay sensitive signalling (e.g., MC-PTT
signalling, MC Video signalling)
70 5.5 200 ms 10-6 Mission Critical Data (e.g. example services are the same
as QCI 6/8/9)
79 6.5 50 ms 10-2 V2X messages
80 6.8 10 ms 10-6 Low latency eMBB applications (TCP/UDP-based);
Augmented Reality
4G QCI values – None GBR
38
Source: Table 6.1.7-A of TS23.203

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5QI values – Delay Critical GBR
39
5QI
Value
Resource
Type
Default
Priority
Level
Packet Delay
Budget
Packet
Error
Rate
Default
Maximum Data
Burst Volume
Default
Averaging
Window
Example Services
82
Delay
Critical GBR
19 10 ms 10-4 255 bytes 2000 ms Discrete Automation (see TS 22.261 [2])
83 22 10 ms 10-4 1354 bytes 2000 ms
Discrete Automation (see TS 22.261 [2]);
V2X messages (UE - RSU Platooning, Advanced
Driving: Cooperative Lane Change with low LoA.
See TS 22.186 [111])
84 24 30 ms 10-5 1354 bytes 2000 ms Intelligent transport systems (see TS 22.261 [2])
85 21 5 ms 10-5 255 bytes 2000 ms
Electricity Distribution- high voltage (see
TS 22.261 [2]).
V2X messages (Remote Driving. See
TS 22.186 [111], NOTE 16)
86 18 5 ms 10-4 1354 bytes 2000 ms
V2X messages (Advanced Driving: Collision
Avoidance, Platooning with high LoA. See
TS 22.186 [111])
Source: TS 23.501

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4G QCI values - GBR
41
Table 6.1.7-B of TS23.203
As a comparison between the 5G QoS characteristics with the 4G QoS characteristics,the shortest Packet Delay Budget for 5G is 5ms
while it is 50ms for 4G, and the Packet Error Rate for 5G is 10−8
while it is 10−6
for 4G.
QCI Resource Type
Priority
Level
Packet Delay
Budget
Packet Error
Loss
Rate
Maximum Data
Burst Volume
Data Rate
Averaging
Window
Example Services
82
GBR
1.9
10 ms 10-4
255 bytes 2000 ms
Discrete Automation
(TS 22.278 [38],
clause 8 bullet g, and
TS 22.261 [51], table
7.2.2-1, "small packets")
83
2.2
10 ms 10-4 1354 bytes
2000 ms
Discrete Automation
(TS 22.278 [38],
clause 8 bullet g, and
TS 22.261 [51], table
7.2.2-1, "big packets")
84
2.4
30 ms 10-5 1354 bytes
2000 ms
Intelligent Transport
Systems
(TS 22.278 [38],
clause 8, bullet h, and
TS 22.261 [51], table
7.2.2).
85
2.1
5 ms 10-5
255 bytes 2000 ms
Electricity Distribution-
high voltage
(TS 22.278 [38],
clause 8, bullet i, and
TS 22.261 [51], table
7.2.2 and Annex D,
clause D.4.2).
Source: Table 6.1.7-A of TS23.203

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QoS in 5G – Part 2
A comprehensive study
Pourya Alinezhad
www.palinezhad.ir
www.linkedin.com/in/pourya-alinezhad/

41. www.palinezhad.ir
Agenda
6 slides
43
5G QoS Architecture
10 slides
QoS Flow characteristics
8 Slides
QoS Flow provisioning and mapping
4
5
6

42. www.palinezhad.ir
Some Definitions on SMF and QoS
44
A set of packet flow header parameter values/ranges used to identify one or more of the packet
flows in the UPF.
Service data flow
filter:
A scalar that is unique for a specific service data flow (SDF) filter within a PDU session.
Service data flow
filter identifier:
The set of service data flow filters in a PCC Rule or an application identifier in a PCC rule
referring to an application detection filter in the SMF or in the UPF, required for defining a service
data flow.
Service data flow
template:
An aggregate set of packet flows carried through the UPF that matches a service data flow
template.
Service data flow:
The association between a service data flow and the QoS Flow transporting that service data
flow.
Binding:
The method for creating, modifying and deleting bindings.
Binding mechanism:
The maximum QoS that is authorised for a service data flow. If several SDFs are aggregated
within one QoS Flow then their combination of the "Authorised QoS" information is the overall
"Authorised QoS" for the QoS Flow which contains the 5QI and the data rate.
Authorised QoS:
Source: TS 23.503

43. www.palinezhad.ir 45
SMF responsibilities on QoS
The SMF interacts with the UPF(s), the RAN and the UE to
achieve the appropriate treatment of the user plane traffic.
Source: TS 23.503
service data
flow detection
authorized
QoS
charging gating
traffic usage
reporting
packet routing
and forwarding
and traffic
steering.

44. www.palinezhad.ir
SMF function: QoS enforcement
The SMF is
enforcing the
Policy Control as
indicated by the
PCF in two
different ways.
Gate enforcement
QoS enforcement
5QI based.
PCC rule QoS
enforcement
QoS Flow
Source: TS 23.503

45. www.palinezhad.ir 47
QoS Flow
mapping The SMF performs the binding of SDFs to QoS Flows
based on the QoS and service requirements.
The SMF:
 assigns the QFI for a new QoS Flow
 derives its QoS profile
 corresponding UPF instructions
 Gets QoS Rule(s) from the PCC rules
 other information provided by the PCF.
Source: TS 23.501

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CP - Signaling of 5G QoS information
48
Source: 5G Core Networks, Book, 2019
https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780081030097/5g-core-networks

47. www.palinezhad.ir
Classification and User Plane marking
49
AN UPF
UE
Data packets from applications
QoS rules
(mapping UL packets to QoS flows
and apply QoS flow marking)
Mapping QoS
flows
to AN
Resources
QoS Flow
(all packets marked with
the same QFI)
PDU Session
PDRs
(classify packets for
QoS flow marking
and other actions)
Application /Service Layer
AN Resources
UP- QoS Flow mapping – Down Link
Source: TS 23.501
DRBs
UPF maps User Plane
traffic to QoS Flows
based on the PDRs
(Packet Detection
Rules).
UPF performs
Session-AMBR
enforcement and
performs counting of
packets for charging.
UPF transmits the PDUs of the
PDU Session in a single tunnel
between 5GC and (R)AN, the
UPF includes the QFI in the
encapsulation header.
(R)AN maps PDUs from QoS Flows
to access-specific resources based
on the QFI and QoS profile,
UPF performs
transport level packet
marking (provided by
the SMF) in DL on a
per QoS Flow basis.
1
2
4
3
5

48. www.palinezhad.ir
Classification and User Plane marking
50
AN UPF
UE
Data packets from applications
QoS rules
(mapping UL packets to QoS flows
and apply QoS flow marking)
Mapping QoS
flows
to AN
Resources
QoS Flow
(all packets marked with
the same QFI)
PDU Session
PDRs
(classify packets for
QoS flow marking
and other actions)
Application /Service Layer
AN Resources
UP- QoS Flow mapping – Uplink
Source: TS 23.501
UPF and UE perform
Session-AMBR
enforcement and the
UPF performs
counting of packets
for charging.
UPF verifies whether
QFIs in the UL PDUs
are aligned with the
QoS Rules provided
to the UE.
(R)AN transmits the PDUs over N3
tunnel towards UPF. When passing an
UL packet from (R)AN to CN, the (R)AN
includes the QFI value, in the
encapsulation header of the UL PDU,
and selects the N3 tunnel.
UE uses the stored QoS rules to
determine mapping between UL
User Plane traffic and QoS Flows.
(R)AN performs transport level packet marking in
the UL on a per QoS Flow basis with a transport
level packet marking value that is determined
based on the 5QI, the Priority Level (if explicitly
signalled) and the ARP priority level of the
associated QoS Flow.
1
2 3
4
5

49. www.palinezhad.ir
Agenda
6 slides
51
1 slide
Conclusion
Available at the bottom of each page!
References
7
8
9
Examples/SDAP/NB-IoT/QoS vs Slicing/QoE

50. www.palinezhad.ir 52
SDAP layer : a new layer in 5G
• QoS Flow handling
• PDU Session to a Data Radio Bearer
• Mark with QFI
• helps to support reflective Qos
https://www.mpirical.com/glossary/sda
p-service-data-adaptation-protocol
Image from: CafeTele Telecom Training linkedin page

51. www.palinezhad.ir
Example 1: QoS flow to DRB mapping
53
http://www.techplayon.com/5g-nr-qos-architecture-qos-attribute-and-qos-flow/

52. www.palinezhad.ir
Example 2: QoS flow to DRB mapping

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QoS Flows and Network Slices
Source: www.awadsoloutions.com

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New Quality Of Experience (QoE) in 5G
56
QoS/QoE Developments in 4G-IoT & 5G
Technologies / Fernando Rodini/ Qualcomm

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57
The default QoS rule shall be
the only QoS rule of a PDU
Session for a UE connected to
5GC via NB-IoT. There is only
one QoS flow (corresponding to
the default QoS rule) per PDU
session.
Reflective QoS is not supported
over NB-IoT.
For NB-IoT, there is a 1:1
mapping between the QoS flow
corresponding to the default
QoS of a PDU session and a
Data Radio Bearer when user
plane resources are active for
that PDU session.
A maximum of two Data Radio
Bearers are supported over NB-
IoT. Therefore, at most two PDU
sessions can have active user
plane resources at the same
time.
Source: TS 23.501
QoS model for NB-IoT

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Agenda
6 slides
58
1 slide
Conclusion
Available at the bottom of each page!
References
7
8
9
Examples/SDAP/NB-IoT/QoS vs Slicing/QoE

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Conclusion
QoS implementation should focus on
solving specific business and customer
requirements instead of just pushing
network QoS as a technological change.
The concept of QoS in 4G LTE is based
on Bearers while in 5G is based on
Flows.
5G QoS flow is characterised by a QoS
profile provided by 5GC to NG-RAN and
QoS rule(s) provided by 5GC to the UE
3GPP standards align QCI values of 4G
and QFI values of 5G to facilitate 4G/5G
handover.
Service Data Adaptation Protocol
(SDAP) layer is responsible for QoS
mapping in 5G radio. (It dose not exist in
4G)
The SMF function in 5G network has
pivotal role for QoS enforcement and it
interacts with the UPF(s), the RAN and
the UE to achieve the appropriate
treatment of the user plane traffic.
59

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5G QoS by Pourya Alinezhad
www.palinezhad.ir
www.linkedin.com/in/pourya-alinezhad/
11/20/2020