333731522-GPON-Technical-v1-1.pptx

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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
GPON FTTx
Mar. 2016

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,
LTD.
From Narrowband, Broadband to Gigaband
Redefine
Broadband
25M 300M 300M-1G
Redefine Ultrafast
Broadband
Gigaband world
is coming

LTD.
Access Technologies Evolution
• Any access media (Copper, Cable, Fiber, Wireless, etc) has its own evolution way
• New technologies (G.fast, DOCSIS3.1, NG PON, …) drive access from 100M to 1G
Average BW per User
Time
1G
100M
10M
2M
2000 2003 2008 2013 2018
ADSL
ADSL2+
DOCSIS2.0
GPON
100M Access
Gigabit Access
GPRS
5G
802.11ad
Fiber (shared) WiFi (shared) Copper (dedicate) Cable (shared) Mobile (shared)
10M Access
5GBB

LTD.
Copper Good for 100 Years
ADSL / ADSL2+
56k
300M
2M
VDSL2 / Vectoring
1G
SuperVector
2002
2014
2016
G.fast
Bandwidth
ISDN
Telephone
1876
Dial Modem
1981
1985
5GBB
Alexander Graham Bell at the opening
of the long-distance line from New York
to Chicago in 1892.
2015
SuperVector
•Speed: 100M-300M
•Distance: ~1200m
•Typical FTTC/B
•~Year 2017
G.fast
•Speed: 500M-1G
•Distance: ~200m
•Typical FTTB/D
•~Year 2015
5GBB
•Speed: 2G~5G
•Frequency:~800MHz
•Distance: ~50m
•Typical FTTD
•~ Year 2020
Vectoring
•Speed: 50M-100M
•Distance: ~1000m
•Typical FTTC/B
•Mature
ADSL2+
2.2 17 30 106 212
f (MHz)
VDSL2
G.fast
2020 5G
128k
24M
100M
50m
250m
800m
1.2km
3km
4km
5km
FTTO / W D-CCAP
FTTC/B/D FTTH / ODN O&M

LTD.
Copper Based Solutions: From DSLAM to FTTC/B/D
DSLAM FTTC FTTB FTTD
Mode DSLAM FTTC FTTB FTTD
Bandwidth 2-50M 50M-100M 100M-500M 100M-1G
Capacity ~768 L 48-384 L 8-48 L 1-8 L
Distance ~3km <1000m ~200m <100m
FTTO / W D-CCAP
FTTC/B/D FTTH / ODN O&M

LTD.
PON Evolution：GPON->10GPON->40GPON
GPON
2.5G/1.25G
100~200G TWDM PON
4*25G or 8*25G
2007 commercial
EPON
1G/1G
2012 commercial
standard：2016.H1
commercial: ~2018
standard：>2017
NG-EPON
4*10G/25G/4*25G
standard：>2017年
2007 commercial 2012 commercial
XGS-PON
10G/10G
Standard：2016.Q1
Trial in 2016.5,
commercial in 2016.H2
10G EPON
10G/10G or 10G/1G
40~80G TWDM PON
4~8ch/10G for 1ch
XG-PON
10G/2.5G
100M~1G/user 10G+/user

LTD.
Page 7
Upon completion of this course, you will be able
to:
› GPON Principles and Key GPON Techniques
› GPON Basic Configuration
› GPON Q&A

LTD.
Page 8
Chapter 1 GPON Concepts
 To know GPON concepts and GPON advantages compare to
copper
Chapter 2 GPON Service Configure and Key Techniques
Chapter 3 GPON ONT Management

LTD.
GPON Advantage : Bandwidth
• Solve the data limitation for copper, meet the requirement for HDTV/RealTime TV
• GPON can reach 2.5Gbps downstream /1.25Gbps upstream
<1Mbps 3M 8M 25M 100M
ADSL/ADSL2+
Copper Based
VDSL / ADSL2+
Copper Based
PON
Fiber Based
Access Technologies Evolution：
2003 2006 2010->
BandWidth
Internet
Conferance
Technical
Business
VoD
IPTV
Video meeting
Game
RealTime TV
VoD
HDTV
<3km <2km <1km ~5km
Distance
2002

LTD.
GPON Advantage : Longer transmission distance/little
attenuation
 The transmission media of optical fibers covers up to 60 km coverage radius on the access layer
 Upstream 1490nm, Downstream 1310nm; the attenuation 0.2~0.5dbm/Km。

LTD.
GPON Advantage : Low-cost network
Savings of at least half of the fiber optic backbone
Compared to P2P, saving nearly half of the optical module
P2P network
Multipoint active network
GPON network

LTD.
GPON Advantage : Low maintenance costs
ODN： Optical Distribution Network
Passive Network save maintenance costs
Feature reduces the power consumption
OAM management system reduces management difficulies

LTD.
GPON Network
Small Cell
WiFi
CO DSL
FTTC
FTTH
FTTM
FTTO
FTTH+
FTTDp
FTTB
@Office
Central Office
HetAN: Heterogeneous Access Network
• Synergic service scenarios
 - @Home/ @Move/ @Office
• Synergic construction modes
 - FTTP/ FTTDp/ FTTB/ FTTC
• Synergic access mediums
 - Fiber/Twisted pairs/Coax/Wireless
Challenges
• Network Construction on demand
 - Synergy between different modes
• Diversified types of devices
 - Fast integrate, deploy and manage
• Serving VIP customers
 - Differentiated SLA
HetAN: Heterogeneous access network

LTD.
GPON Concept
 Passive Optical Network
OLT
ONU
Optical Line Terminal
Optical Network Unit
Passive Optical Splitter
Internet
CATV
ONU
ONU
Passive
Optical Splitter
 GPON: gigabit-capable passive optical network
 PON is a point to multi-point (P2MP) passive optical network
 PON Include OLT(Optical Line Terminal ), ONU（Optical Network Unit ) and splitter

LTD.
GPON Basic Parameter
 Maximum split ratio 1:128
 Maximum logical reach:60km
 Maximum differential between farthest and nearest ONU from the OLT: 40km ？
 Upstream 1.24416Gbit/s、downstream 2.48832Gbit/s, Frame length 125us
ONU OLT
ONU
Maximum differential
distance
between the farthest and the nearest
ONU
s
from the OLT: 20km
Logical reach : 60 km
Logical split ratio: 128
•Ranging based on
synchronous framing
•8 kHz clock transport
or recovery
•Survivability using
PST bytes
•Security based on
encryption
UNI SNI

LTD.
ITU-T G.984.3
• Transmission Convergence Layer Specification. This
protocol mainly describes the TC layer specifications,
including the upstream and downstream frame structures
and GPON principle.
ITU-T G-984.1/2/3/4
Simple development process
Powerful compatibility
ITU-T G.984.1
• General Characteristics. This protocol mainly
describes the basic features and major protection
modes of GPON.
GPON ITU Document
ITU-T G.984.4
• ONT Management And Control Interface Specification. This protocol
mainly describes the GPON management and maintenance protocols,
such as OAM, PLOAM, and OMCI.
ITU-T G.984.2
• Physical Media Dependent (PMD) Layer Specification. This protocol
mainly describes the PMD layer parameters, including physical
parameters (such as the transmit optical power, receiver sensitivity,
and overload optical power) of optical transceivers, and also defines
optical budget of different levels, for example, the most common Class
B+.

LTD.
GPON Downstream Frame Encapsulate
Physical Control Block Downstream
(PCBd)
Payload
AllocID Start End AllocID Start End
1 100 200 2 300 500
T-CONT1
(ONT 1)
T-CONT 2
(ONT 2)
Slot
100
Slot
200
Slot
300
Slot
500
PLOu PLOAMu PLSu DBRu Payload x DBRu Y Payload y
Upstream
Bandwidth Map
125us
Downstream Framing
Upstream Framing
OLT
ONT64
ONT1

LTD.
GPON Upstream Frame Encapsulate
PLOu PLOAMu PLSu DBRu x Payload x DBRu y Payload y PLOu DBRu z Payload z
Preamble
A bytes
Delimiter
B bytes
BIP
1 bytes
ONU-ID
1 bytes
Ind
1 bytes
ONU ID
Msg ID
1 bytes
Message
10 bytes
CRC
1 bytes
DBA
1,2,4bytes
CRC
1 bytes
DBA Report Pad if needed
GEM
header
Frame
fragment
GEM
header
Full
frame
GEM
header
Frame
fragment
PLI Port ID PTI HEC
ONT A ONT B
Upstream Framing

LTD.
GEM
Payload
CRC
PTI
Port ID
PLI
GEM Frame
Ethernet Packet
DA
SFD
Preamble
Inter packet gap
SA
LengthType
MAC client data
FEC
EOF
5 bytes
Ethernet Packet to GEM Frame
 20bytes
The GPON system parses Ethernet frames and maps data into GEM payloads for transmission
Header information is automatically encapsulated into GEM frames
The mapping format is clear and has good compatibility

LTD.
Page 20
Chapter 1 GPON Concepts
 To know GPON concepts and GPON advantages compare to
copper
Chapter 2 GPON Service Configure and Key Techniques
Chapter 3 GPON ONT Management

LTD.
Series OLT Overview
 High-Capacity OLT
 10U height
 GE/10GE uplink/cascading
 21 inch frame, 300mm slim design
 2 *SCU slots, 16*Service slots, 2*GIU slots
MA5600T
All OLT series products support share same service
boards, software and NMS system
 Medium-Capacity OLT
 6U height
 GPON/GE/10GE uplink/cascading
 19 inch frame, 300mm slim design
 2*SCU slot, 6*Service slots, 2*GIU slots
MA5603T
 Small-Capacity OLT
 2U height, 300mm slim design
 2*GE / 2*10GE uplink on control board
 2*Service slots, 2 main control card
 2 * AC/DC supply
MA5608T
 GPON
 10GPON
 P2P
 DSL/Voice
 GPON
 10GPON
 P2P
 DSL/Voice
 GPON
 10GPON
 P2P
 DSL/Voice

LTD.
Page 22
G
P
B
H
G
P
B
H
G
P
B
H
G
P
B
H
G
P
B
D
G
P
B
D
G
P
B
D
G
P
B
H
G
P
B
H
G
P
B
H
G
P
B
D
G
P
B
H
G
P
B
H
G
P
B
H
G
P
B
D
G
P
B
D
S
C
U
N
S
C
U
N
G
I
U
G
I
U
P
R
T
G
P
R
T
G
C
I
T
A
Service-port
 GPON
 2.5Gbit/s downstream
 1.25Gbit/s upstream
OLT_MA5600T Frame mapping
B
A
C
K
P
L
A
N
E
GIU uplink
SCU（LSW） Control
GPON（TMGMAC）line card
OLT Side
GMAC+LSW
ONT Side
userside

LTD.
GPON Downstream communication principle
• Broadcasts the same data to all ONUs and all the ONUS can receive
the same data, How to identify ?
OLT
ONU
ONU
ONU
USER3
USER2
USER1
125us
 1
2 1 3
H
 1
2 1 3
H
2
1 1
3
 FCS Payload
Header
G.984.3帧

LTD.
GempotID
 GempotID: Differentiates ONU data by GEM port ID
 According to the protocol, 4096 gemport ID per gpon port, all the gemport ID in one
GPON port should be unique;
GemportID is configured in the GPON Line-profile;

LTD.
GPON Upstream Frame
• In the upstream direction, each ONU can send data to the OLT only in the timeslot
permitted and allocated by the OLT. This ensures that each ONU sends data in a given
sequence, avoiding upstream data conflicts
• Supports time division multiple access (TDMA) and Transits data on an exclusive timeslot.
• Detects and prevents collisions through ranging.
OLT
ONU
ONU
ONU
USER3
USER2
USER1
2
1 2 1 3
H
2
1 1
3
Payload
Header
G.984.3 Frame
H
H H H

LTD.
GPON Upstream Frame Overview
GEM
Payload
CRC
PTI
Port ID
PLI
GEM Frame
Ethernet Packet
DA
SFD
Preamble
Inter packet gap
SA
LengthType
MAC client data
FEC
EOF
5 bytes
The GPON system parses Ethernet frames and maps data into GEM payloads for transmission
Header information is automatically encapsulated into GEM frames
The mapping format is clear and has good compatibility

LTD.
Page 27
ONE ONU Support Multi Gemport
• Each GEM port can carry one or more types of service stream
• Gemport Mapping: gem mapping 0 1 vlan 100

LTD.
Page 28
MA5600T-ONT GPON System Architecture
PC
STB
POTS
GMAC Service
Mapping
400G
Switch
Fabric
PC
STB
POTS
GPON Line Card
VoIP
Processor
GMAC
ONT
VoIP
Processor
GMAC
ONT
Main Control Card
10GE
ODN
Other Line Card
Other Line Card
…
MA5600T
Service
Mapping
Service
Mapping
S-VLAN
GEM-Port
GEM-Port
C-VLAN
C-VLAN
GEM-Port
C-VLAN
MAC
PPPoE/IPoE
C-VLAN
MAC
PPPoE/IPoE
GEM
S-VLAN
MAC
PPPoE/IPoE
Protocol
10GE
S-VLAN
MAC
PPPoE/IPoE

LTD.
Page 29
GPON Upstream Frame
the OLT control the timeslot and sequence of data delivery, How to
make sure all the Upstream Frame is not conflict?

LTD.
GPON Downstream Frame：
OLT controls the time for each ONU to send data upstream

LTD.
Page 31
GPON key Techniques：Ranging
OLT
ONU1
ONU2
ONU3
1: Collisions may occur when ONU sends data in TDMA
mode (in this mode, only one of the ONUs connecting to a
PON port sends data at a moment), as shown in Figure 1.
The OLT must precisely measure the distances between
itself and each ONU
2: Ranging process is as follows:
2.1 The OLT starts ranging for an ONU when the ONU registers
with the OLT for the first time and obtains the round trip delay
(RTD) of the ONU. Based on the RTD, the OLT calculates the
physical reach of this ONU.
2.2 The OLT specifies a proper equalization delay (EqD) for the
ONU based on the physical reach.
3: ONUs locate at the same logic reach and they send
data at specified timeslots, thereby preventing
upstream cell conflict.

LTD.
GPON key Techniques - DBA
 A mechanism for upstream GPON traffic management, defines the DBA protocol for
managing upstream PON traffic(Dynamically Bandwidth Assignment)
DBA algorithm
 logic
DBA report
BW Map
Time slot
T-CONT
T-CONT
T-CONT
Scheduler
ONU
OLT
Control
platform
Data
platform

LTD.
GPON key Techniques - DBA
The embedded DBA module of an OLT continuously collects DBA reports, performs
calculation, and uses the BWMap field in the downstream frame to notify the ONU of the
DBA calculation result.
According to the BWMap information, the ONUs send data upstream in the timeslots
allocated to them, and occupy the upstream bandwidth. Therefore, each ONU dynamically
adjusts its upstream bandwidth according to its actually transmitted data traffic, improving
upstream bandwidth usage.
(参考产品手册中的动态图)

LTD.
BandWidth Type
Fixed Bandwidth
Assured Bandwidth
Non-Assured Bandwidth
Best-Effort Bandwidth
BandWidth Type priority
LOW
High
Guaranteed
Bandwidth
Additional
Bandwidth
Bandwidth Priority Description Allocation
Fixed
bandwidth
Priority 1
(Highest)
Used for delay sensitive traffic, Bandwidth reserved first, including
slot location to minimize delay and
delay variation.
Assured
bandwidth
Priority 2 Reserved second using the
remaining bandwidth. Can
experience delays or delay
variations greater than those of
Fixed bandwidth.
Bandwidth reserved second.
Instantaneous bandwidth can vary,
average bandwidth over a specified
time period only.
Non-Assured
bandwidth
Priority 3 Only allocated bandwidth if
available following servicing of
Fixed and Assured bandwidth
traffic.
Allocated equally across all T-CONTs
with Assured bandwidth which are
requesting additional bandwidth up to
their Maximum bandwidth setting.
Best Effort
bandwidth
Priority 4
(Lowest)
Bandwidth only allocated once all
other bandwidths have been
serviced.
No guaranteed bandwidth. Remaining
bandwidth equally distributed
amongst requesters up to their
Maximum bandwidth setting.

LTD.
DBA BandWidth Allocation
Fixed
for ONT
Total
Bandwidth
Assured
Non-Assured
Best-Effort
Fixed
For ONT
Total
Bandwidth
Fixed
for ONT
Total
Bandwidth
Assured
Fixed
for ONT
Total
Bandwidth
Assured
Non-Assured
Step1 for Fixed DBA Stpe 2 for Assured DBA Stpe 3 for Non-assureDBA Stpe 4 for Best-Effort DBA
Fixed is configured by static Assured DBA are configured on
demand
After Fixed and Assured DBA.
Configure the Non-Assure DBA
Last Step configure the Best-
Effort DBA

LTD.
DBA Case
• Upstream 1.25G
ONU DBA type TX RX
ONUA Type1:Fix 300M ONUA=600M 300
ONUB Type1:Fix300M ONUB=600M 300
ONUC Type2:Assure250M， ONUC=600M 250
ONUD Type2:Assure250M， ONUD=600M 250
ONUE
Type3:Assure100M，
Max500M
ONUE=600M 150
0 M
400
0
0 M
0
150

LTD.
GPON Multiplexing Architecture
IFpon
O
N
U
O
N
U
O
N
U
T-CONT GemPort
T-CONT
GemPort
GemPort
T-CONT
T-CONT
GemPort
GemPort
GemPort
GemPort
GemPort
ONU-ID identifies
ONUs
Alloc-IDs identifies T-
CONTs
Port-ID identifies
GEM ports
OLT ONT
T-CONT
T-CONT
GEM Port GEM Port
 GEM Port: the minimum unit for carrying services.
 T-CONT: Transmission Containers is a kind of Buffer that carries
services. It is mainly used to transmit upstream data units. T-CONT is
introduced to realize the dynamic bandwidth assignment of the
upstream bandwidth, so as to enhance the utilization of the line.
 IF pon: GPON interface.
 Base on the mapping scheme, service traffic is carried to different
GEM ports and then to different T-CONTs. The mapping between the
GEM port and the T-CONT is flexible. A GEM Port can correspond to a
T-CONT; or multiple GEM Ports can correspond to the same T-CONT.
 A GPON interface of an ONU contains one or multiple T-CONTs.

LTD.
Alarm---XPON Alarm
ONT Frame Loss(LOFi)
GPON ONT Power-off(DGi)
GPON ONT Configure failed
Rouge ONT
Loss of the signal for ONT (LOSi)
Loss of the signal for PON port（LOS）
ONT ETH-Port from up to down
ONT
ETH
OLT
分光器
GPON
ONT
ETH
(LOSi)
(LOFi)
Dgi and Configure failed
• （LOS）
• Rouge NT
ONT ETH-Port from
up to down
OLT
GPON

LTD.
GPON Networking Protection
GPON Type B Protection
GPON type B protection allows dual-channel redundancy protection for OLT PON ports and
backbone fibers on a GPON network. This feature improves ODN network reliability and ensures
service continuity.
GPON Type C Protection
The GPON type C protection switching is implemented through the redundancy configuration of the
two PON ports on the ONU, backbone optical fiber, optical splitter, and tributary optical fiber on a
GPON network. Each item is in a dual configuration. The protection improves the reliability on the
optical distribution network (ODN) and prevents service interruption.
 注解：参考产品文档的组网图介绍

333731522-GPON-Technical-v1-1.pptx

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