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![Fluorescent Minerals
Fluorescent Mineral References
[1] Basic Concepts in Fluorescence: Michael W. Davidson and
others, Optical Microscopy Primer, Florida State University, last
accessed October 2016.
[2] Fluorescent Minerals: James O. Hamblen, a website about
fluorescent minerals, Georgia Tech, 2003.
[3] The World of Fluorescent Minerals, Stuart Schneider, Schiffer
Publishing Ltd., 2006.
[4] Dugway Geodes page on the SpiritRock Shop website, last
accessed May 2017.
[5] Collecting Fluorescent Minerals, Stuart Schneider, Schiffer
Publishing Ltd., 2004.
[6] Ultraviolet Light Safety: Connecticut High School Science
Safety, Connecticut State Department of Education, last accessed
October 2016.
[7] A Contribution to Understanding the Effect of Blue
Fluorescence on the Appearance of Diamonds: Thomas M.
Moses and others, Gems and Gemology, Gemological Institute of
America, Winter 1997.
Good Reference Books](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/fluorescentmineralscopy-190201165102/85/Fluorescent-Minerals-26-320.jpg)
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- 1. Fluorescent Minerals John McIntosh AncientArtifacts & Treasures, Inc. 1999 W. Fairbanks Ave, Winter Park Fl 32789
- 2. Fluorescent Minerals What isa Fluorescent Mineral? These minerals have the ability to temporarily absorb a small amount of light and an instant later release a small amount of light of a different wavelength. This change in wavelength causes a temporary color change of the mineral in the eye of a human observer.
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- 4. Fluorescent Minerals WHAT ISULTRAVIOLET (UV)? Fluorescence is a "cold light" (luminescence) caused by electromagnetic radiation. There are many forms of electromagnetic radiation: visible light, radio, infrared, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays are all forms of electromagnetic radiation.
- 5. Fluorescent Minerals Ultraviolet radiation,as generated by a "black light" or Ultra Violet lights, is that portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that lies beyond the purple edge of the visible spectrum and has wavelengths between 100 and 400 nm. WHAT IS ULTRAVIOLET (UV)?
- 6. Fluorescent Minerals For thefluorescent mineral collector there are three useful wavelengths of ultraviolet light; Long wave, Mid wave, and Short wave. A few minerals fluoresce the same color in all wavelengths, others fluoresce in only one wavelength (usually SW), and yet others fluoresce different colors in different wavelengths. WHAT IS ULTRAVIOLET (UV)?
- 7. Fluorescent Minerals Fluorite: TheOriginal "Fluorescent Mineral” One of the first people to observe fluorescence in minerals was George Gabriel Stokes in 1852. He noted the ability of fluorite to produce a blue glow when illuminated with invisible light "beyond the violet end of the spectrum." He called this phenomenon "fluorescence" after the mineral fluorite. The name has gained wide acceptance in mineralogy, gemology, biology, optics, commercial lighting and many other fields.
- 8. Fluorescent Minerals FLUORESCENCE INMINERALS There are around 4,000 different types of minerals - approximately 15% of them are known to fluoresce. Impurities in the mineral (usually) cause this fluorescence - very few "pure" minerals are known to fluoresce.
- 9. Fluorescent Minerals Fluorescence usuallyoccurs when specific impurities known as "activators" are present within the mineral. These activators are typically cations of metals such as: tungsten, molybdenum, lead, boron, titanium, manganese, uranium, and chromium. Rare earth elements such as europium, terbium, dysprosium, and yttrium are also known to contribute to the fluorescence phenomenon. Fluorescence can also be caused by crystal structural defects or organic impurities. Fluorescence “Activators
- 10. Fluorescent Minerals In additionto "activator" impurities, some impurities have a dampening effect on fluorescence. If iron or copper are present as impurities, they can reduce or eliminate fluorescence. Furthermore, if the activator mineral is present in large amounts, that can reduce the fluorescence effect Fluorescence “Dampeners”
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- 15. Fluorescent Minerals Raw andFaceted Diamonds
- 16. Fluorescent Minerals Blue Tourmaline(indicolite) in Quartz
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- 26. Fluorescent Minerals Fluorescent MineralReferences [1] Basic Concepts in Fluorescence: Michael W. Davidson and others, Optical Microscopy Primer, Florida State University, last accessed October 2016. [2] Fluorescent Minerals: James O. Hamblen, a website about fluorescent minerals, Georgia Tech, 2003. [3] The World of Fluorescent Minerals, Stuart Schneider, Schiffer Publishing Ltd., 2006. [4] Dugway Geodes page on the SpiritRock Shop website, last accessed May 2017. [5] Collecting Fluorescent Minerals, Stuart Schneider, Schiffer Publishing Ltd., 2004. [6] Ultraviolet Light Safety: Connecticut High School Science Safety, Connecticut State Department of Education, last accessed October 2016. [7] A Contribution to Understanding the Effect of Blue Fluorescence on the Appearance of Diamonds: Thomas M. Moses and others, Gems and Gemology, Gemological Institute of America, Winter 1997. Good Reference Books
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