The document discusses various energy resources including renewable and nonrenewable resources. It provides details on fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum which are nonrenewable resources that take millions of years to form. The document also discusses various alternative energy sources such as solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal, tidal, and nuclear power. It provides brief histories of energy usage and electrification over time.

1. 4.1 Energy and Mineral Resources  Renewable resources can be replenished over fairly short spans of time, such as months, years, or decades.  Nonrenewable resources take millions of years to form and accumulate. Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources

2. 4.1 Energy and Mineral Resources  Fossil fuels are hydrocarbons that may be used as fuel, including coal, oil, and natural gas. Fossil Fuels (nonrenewable)

5. 4.1 Energy and Mineral Resources Fossil Fuels

7. Anticlines Are Common Oil Traps

8. 4.2 Alternate Energy Sources  In nuclear fission, (not fusion) the nuclei of heavy atoms such as uranium-235 are bombarded with neutrons.  The uranium nuclei split into smaller nuclei and emit neutrons and heat energy. Alternative Energy Resources Nuclear Energy (nonrenewable)

9. Diablo Canyon Nuclear Plant

10. 4.2 Alternate Energy Sources  Concerns remain about the use of nuclear energy safety. Accidents have occurred; radioactive material is dangerous and transport and disposal of material problematic. However it is mainly a nonpolluting method of generating electricity. Nuclear Energy (nonrenewable)

11. 4.2 Alternate Energy Sources 1. Solar energy’s “fuel” is free.  Solar energy has two advantages: 2. Solar energy is non-polluting.  Solar energy has some disadvantages: Solar Energy (renewable)

12. 4.2 Alternate Energy Sources  In the next 50 to 60 years, wind power could meet between 5 to 10 percent of the country’s demand for electricity. Wind Energy (renewable)

13. Wind Turbines

14. 4.2 Alternate Energy Sources  The strong water flow that results drives turbines and electric generators.  The water held in a reservoir behind a dam is a form of stored energy that can be released through the dam to produce electric power.  Hydroelectric power is the power generated by falling water. Hydroelectric Power

15. Glen Canyon Dam

16. 4.2 Alternate Energy Sources  Hot water is used directly for heating and to turn turbines that generate electric power.  Geothermal energy is harnessed by tapping natural underground reservoirs of steam and hot water. Geothermal Energy

17. The Geysers Is the World’s Largest Electrical Geothermal Facility

18. 4.2 Alternate Energy Sources  Tidal power is harnessed by constructing a dam across the mouth of a bay or an estuary in coastal areas.  The strong in-and-out flow of tidal water drives turbines and electric generators. Tidal Power

19. Tidal Dams

20. 4.2 Historical Use of Energy

21. 4.2 Electrification of America  1750-1850 Industrial revolution (steam power, coal mining, iron, gas lights, cotton spinning)  1930-1950 Rural electrification of America.  Early 1900’s to about 1930 cities “wired” for electricity .  1879 Edison invents the light bulb.  1888 Tesla joins Westinghouse develops AC motor and power transmission system Timeline

22. 4.2 Historical Use of Energy

23. 4.2 Automobiles in America  1930 many people rode horses and use mass transit by 1950 most middle class owned a car .  1903 Ford Motor Company incorporated.  1928 campaign slogan “A chicken in every pot and a car in every garage”.

24. 4.2 Historical Use of Energy

26. 4.2 Florida Sources of Energy

27. 4.2 Florida Energy  FL has only minor gas/oil reserves  Solar, nuclear, biomass and wind options .  FL energy consumption among highest states in country (residential/transportation highest, industry low)  Possible large oil deposits off west coast  Ethanol from citrus peel waste?

28. Saving Energy