Energy crisis has been a recurring problem due to increasing demand and limited fossil fuel reserves. The 1973 and 1979 oil crises showed the world's dependence on oil from unstable regions. While renewable sources like solar and wind show promise, they currently only provide a small fraction of energy needs. Nuclear power provides temporary relief but uranium reserves will last less than 15 years if used widely. Coal reserves will last 100-215 years at current consumption rates but is also limited and dirty. No single replacement exists and transition will be difficult, requiring a mix of solutions and reduced consumption through efficiency. Public understanding of the science and anticipated challenges is crucial to navigating this global issue.
Energy Crisis, Different Energy Sources and Role of Power ElectronicsMafaz Ahmed
An energy crisis is any great bottleneck (or price rise) in the supply of energy resources to an economy. In popular literature though, it often refers to one of the energy sources used at a certain time and place, particularly those that supply national electricity grids or serve as fuel for vehicles
Energy Crisis, Different Energy Sources and Role of Power ElectronicsMafaz Ahmed
An energy crisis is any great bottleneck (or price rise) in the supply of energy resources to an economy. In popular literature though, it often refers to one of the energy sources used at a certain time and place, particularly those that supply national electricity grids or serve as fuel for vehicles
the ppt. focuses on promoting ways to save environment and tells solutions like using hydrogen and wind energy to save earth.
if u like the ideas then please promote it so that more and more people can know about them and make efforts at indivisual level.
Energy crisis : Media & Current Affairs : Student CollaborationAli Haider Saeed
An illustration of student-teacher collaborative discussion model in the subject of Media & Current Affairs during the Fall session 2020, Students engaged in the discussion on energy crises
Energy Crisis Of The United States Essay
Energy Crisis And Climate Change: Fracking
Energy Crisis in Pakistan
Questions On The Energy Crisis
Energy Crisis : Individual Research Briefing
Solving The Global Energy Crisis
Energy Crisis Essay
Energy Crisis
The Energy Crisis Of Oil Essay
Essay on Solar Energy and the Energy Crisis
Energy Crisis And The Uk
Essay on Energy Crisis
The Energy Crisis Of 1979
Energy Crisis in Pakistan
Researh Paper- Energy Crisis
the ppt. focuses on promoting ways to save environment and tells solutions like using hydrogen and wind energy to save earth.
if u like the ideas then please promote it so that more and more people can know about them and make efforts at indivisual level.
Energy crisis : Media & Current Affairs : Student CollaborationAli Haider Saeed
An illustration of student-teacher collaborative discussion model in the subject of Media & Current Affairs during the Fall session 2020, Students engaged in the discussion on energy crises
Energy Crisis Of The United States Essay
Energy Crisis And Climate Change: Fracking
Energy Crisis in Pakistan
Questions On The Energy Crisis
Energy Crisis : Individual Research Briefing
Solving The Global Energy Crisis
Energy Crisis Essay
Energy Crisis
The Energy Crisis Of Oil Essay
Essay on Solar Energy and the Energy Crisis
Energy Crisis And The Uk
Essay on Energy Crisis
The Energy Crisis Of 1979
Energy Crisis in Pakistan
Researh Paper- Energy Crisis
There is no doubt that human activity on Earth cause changes in the environment in which we live. Many of these environmental impacts are from the generation, handling and use of energy. The main reason for the existence of environmental impacts from the generation, handling and use of energy lies in the fact that the world consumption of primary energy from non-renewable sources (oil, coal, natural and nuclear gas) accounts for approximately 88% of full, leaving only 12% renewable sources. This heavy dependence on non-renewable energy sources has led, in addition to ongoing concern about the possibility of depletion of these sources, the emission of large amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere, which in 2013 was of 36.3 billion tonnes, approximately 3.9 times the amount issued in 1960 (9.3 billion tons). Regardless of the various solutions that may be adopted to eliminate or mitigate the causes of the greenhouse effect, the most important is undoubtedly the adoption of measures to contribute to the elimination or reduction of the consumption of fossil fuels in energy production, as well as its use more efficient in transport, industry, agriculture and urban areas (residential and commercial), given that the use and production of energy account for 57% of greenhouse gases emitted by human activity. In this sense, the implementation of a sustainable energy system is essential.
Nuclear Power – The Cons in the Debate by Dhruba Mukhopadhyay
Dr. Mukhopadhyay, FNA, is a retired Professor of
Geology, Calcutta University, and the Editor of Break-
through
Renewable energy is generally electricity supplied from sources, such as wind power, solar power,
geothermal energy, hydro power and various forms of biomass. The popularity of renewable energy
has experienced a significant upsurge in recent times due to the exhaustion of conventional power
generation methods and increasing realization of its adverse effects on the environment. Wind energy
has been harnessed for centuries but it has only emerged as a major part of our energy solution quite
recently and this report focus on utilizing wind energy by using vertical axis wind turbine.
62707 1041 AMEnergyBulletin.net The Long EmergencyPa.docxevonnehoggarth79783
6/27/07 10:41 AMEnergyBulletin.net :: The Long Emergency
Page 1 of 5http://www.energybulletin.net/print.php?id=4856
Published on Thursday, March 24, 2005 by Rolling Stone Magazine
The Long Emergency
By James Howard Kunstler
A few weeks ago, the price of oil ratcheted above fifty-five dollars a barrel, which is about twenty dollars a barrel more
than a year ago. The next day, the oil story was buried on page six of the New York Times business section.
Apparently, the price of oil is not considered significant news, even when it goes up five bucks a barrel in the span of
ten days. That same day, the stock market shot up more than a hundred points because, CNN said, government data
showed no signs of inflation. Note to clueless nation: Call planet Earth.
Carl Jung, one of the fathers of psychology, famously remarked that "people cannot stand too much reality." What
you're about to read may challenge your assumptions about the kind of world we live in, and especially the kind of
world into which events are propelling us. We are in for a rough ride through uncharted territory.
It has been very hard for Americans -- lost in dark raptures of nonstop infotainment, recreational shopping and
compulsive motoring -- to make sense of the gathering forces that will fundamentally alter the terms of everyday life in
our technological society. Even after the terrorist attacks of 9/11, America is still sleepwalking into the future. I call this
coming time the Long Emergency.
Most immediately we face the end of the cheap-fossil-fuel era. It is no exaggeration to state that reliable supplies of
cheap oil and natural gas underlie everything we identify as the necessities of modern life -- not to mention all of its
comforts and luxuries: central heating, air conditioning, cars, airplanes, electric lights, inexpensive clothing, recorded
music, movies, hip-replacement surgery, national defense -- you name it.
The few Americans who are even aware that there is a gathering global-energy predicament usually misunderstand the
core of the argument. That argument states that we don't have to run out of oil to start having severe problems with
industrial civilization and its dependent systems. We only have to slip over the all-time production peak and begin a
slide down the arc of steady depletion.
The term "global oil-production peak" means that a turning point will come when the world produces the most oil it will
ever produce in a given year and, after that, yearly production will inexorably decline. It is usually represented
graphically in a bell curve. The peak is the top of the curve, the halfway point of the world's all-time total endowment,
meaning half the world's oil will be left. That seems like a lot of oil, and it is, but there's a big catch: It's the half that is
much more difficult to extract, far more costly to get, of much poorer quality and located mostly in places where the
people hate us. A substantial amount of it will never be extracted.
Th.
This was a college level presentation where we were asked to present a solution for Global Warming. I had very mixed feelings on the assignment and the solution, but I bet that doesn't come across in my presentation. ;)
Energy Crisis And The Uk
Energy Crisis Essay
Energy Crisis Vs EPA Paper
Energy Crisis
Essay on Energy Crisis
The Energy Crisis Of Oil Essay
1970s Energy Crisis
Lecture 5
Continuing Fossil Fuels & Renewable Resources
May 4, 2016
Oil
Like coal, most of the oil on Earth was formed millions of years ago
Certain warm shallow seas, such as the Gulf of Mexico and Tethys Sea were so ideal for life that organic material was formed faster than it could decompose
Large masses of organic material became buried at the sea bottom, were heated and pressurized, forming oil.
The present day distribution of oil lines up with these ancient shallow seas
Majority of oil reserves are in Middle Eastern countries
In elemental composition, oil is similar to coal
Mostly carbon, but also hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur
As a liquid, oil can be distilled (separated) into other fuels such as gasoline, kerosene, and diesel fuel
Oil Extraction
As a liquid, oil can be pumped directly out of the ground. This eliminates the need for mining.
A long drill is used to bore deep into the Earth to reach the deposit.
The hole is lined with a steel pipe and cement.
The top is outfitted with a collection of pipes and valves
The ease of transporting oil has enabled drilling at very remote locations
At its peak, Alaska accounted for about 25% of the U.S. oil production
It is transported to the southern ports of the state through the Alaska Oil Pipeline.
As a liquid, oil can also escape more easily, forming an oil spill
Oil spills are devastating to marine life
Penetrates through the fur and feathers of animals, reducing their ability to fly, float, and insulate themselves
Benthic organisms, living at the bottom of the sea, can be suffocated
Entire populations of krill and plankton can be wiped out
Oil Reserves
Of the fossil fuels, oil has been the most quickly depleted
Peak oil is defined as the point at which all known oil reserves have been tapped and production will begin declining in the following years.
The U.S. reached its peak production in the 1970s
The estimated date of worldwide peak oil is unknown
OPEC
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is comprised of 13 countries.
Members: Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela.
In 2010, OPEC holds about 77% of the entire world’s crude oil reserves.
The U.S. has only about 2% of the world’s proven oil reserves. China has 1.1% and India has 0.4%. Japan as none
It will be necessary to find alternatives to or other sources of crude oil to sustain the today’s usage.
Natural Gas
Natural gas is actually a mixtures of gases
50-90% methane
Smaller amounts of propane and butane
As a gas, it is the most difficult fossil fuel to transport
A supply of natural gas exists above most oil wells, however, if no pipelines are nearby, it will often simply be burned off.
Natural gas has a relatively small amount of pollution produced by burning it (Only two waste products-CO2 & Water vapor)
Natural Gas Extraction
Hydraulic Fracturing or Fracking-a controversial technique used ...
2. ENERGY:
We have almost obsessive concern for sufficient supplies
of energy, but what is astonishing is that our planet is
one vast system of energy. The sun rays that falls on
the roads of North America can be converted into
more energy than all the fossil fuels used each year in
the world. According to World Meteorological
Organisation windmills, if placed in a right site, can
produce electricity at a commercial rate. Energy is
locked up in plants and wastes…
3. History of Energy Crisis….
Despite of having such vast source of energy…..today we find
ourselves surrounded by energy crisis…The year 1973 brought an
end to the era of secure, cheap oil. As a result of Arab-Israeli war
, there was a fall of 7% supply in oil. In 1978 a second oil crisis
began when, as a result of the revolution that eventually drove
Shah of Iran from his thrown, Iranian oil production and exports
dropped precipitously. Because Iran had been a major
exporter, consumers panicked. A replay of 1973 events, complete
with wild bidding, again forced up oil prices during 1979. The
outbreak of war between Iraq and Iran in 1980 gave a further boost
to oil prices. By the end of 1980 the price of crude oil stood at 19
times what it had just been earlier. And now, when the demand of
energy has touched the sky, the world renowned Petroleum
experts say “ all the oil reserves will have been exploited by the
end of 2020”. The recent data shows that the demand of oil supply
today is around 80 million barrels per day…
4. Some Historical Crisis…
1990- oil price was to its peak due to Gulf- War…
North Korea has had energy shortage for more than
about 10 years during late 1990….
Political riots and conflicts that occurred during 2007
in Burmese anti-g0vernment protest were sparked by
rising energy prices..
5. Some facts regarding oil and gasoline…
* The United States consumes 25 percent of the world's
oil and 70 percent of that is imported.
* 61 percent of the world's oil reserves are in the
Middle East. The United States has 2.4 percent.
* 66.3 percent of the world's gas reserves are in the
Middle East and the Russian Federation. The United
States has 3.4 percent
Kuwait’s Al Burgan oil field, the world’s second largest
oil reserve will be depleted within 40 years.(2007)..
6. Some Key Facts…
U.S. consumption of crude oil is approximately 20 million barrels per day of
which 16 million are imported. This produces approximately 384 million gallons
of gasoline per day—19.2 gallons per barrel. This results in 7.372 billion pounds
of CO 2 produced per day.
World consumption of crude oil is approximately 64 million barrels per day.
World reserves of crude oil are reported to be 687.43 billion barrels.
Using present consumption, this will provide crude oil for 29.2 years. This
ignores increasing demand, most notably in China and India.
In the year 2005, global demand for oil was more than 84 million barrels per day
and climbing.
About 134 billion barrels will be found over the next 30 years. That is enough to
meet current world demand for 4.37 years.
7. Quotations- Energy Crisis…
“We can’t conserve our way to energy independence, nor can we conserve our way
to having energy available. So we have got to do both”- George W. Bush(The
Washington Post, 4 may 2007)..
“We have known for decades that our survival depends on finding new sources of
energy. Yet we import more oil than ever before”-Barrack Obama…
“The bottom of the oil barrel is now visible”-Christopher flavin, Worldwatch
paper, July 1985…
“Solar power is one of the most hopeful technologies, but still produces 0.01% of
US. Electricity. The America allocates just $150 million for solar research per year-
about what she spends in Iraq every 9 hours.”-Nicholas Krissof..”Our Favourite
Planet”, Newyork time, 20 Apr. 2008..
“The use of solar energy has not been opened up yet because no industry owns the
Sun”-Ralph Nader
“Alternative energy is a future idea whose time has past. Renewable energy is a
future idea whose time has come.”-Bill Panden
* “The day will come when, after harnessing space, the winds, the tides and
gravitation, we shall harness for God. And on that day, for the second time in
history of human civilization, we shall have discovered fire.”-Pierre Ticihad de’
Chadrin….
8. Cont…
“Energy conservation is the foundation of energy
independence.”- Thomas Allen
“Our Future Generation will never forget us, for we will
have left nothing for them.”- Unknown
9. Future and Alternative Energy Sources…
In response to the energy crisis, the principle of green energy can gain
popularity. This has led to increasing interest in alternate power/fuel
research such as, fuel cell technology, hydrogen fuel, methanol, solar
energy etc.. People should change their mental fixation regarding fossil
fuels and petroleum products that these are the only energy sources
that can help built vast electricity systems ignoring the multiplicity and
variety of alternative sources which are not exhaustible. There is a need
for industrial nations to change their lifestyles based on abundant
energy. About 85% of oil consumption takes place in the industrial
world. It is time for them to set ambitious targets for energy
conservation and develop technologies to tap alternative energy
sources. Household consumption of energy which accounts of at least a
quarter of all rich nation’s supply of energy can be dramatically
reduced( simple precautions like insulating roofs and walls. Lights re to
be switched off when not in use etc.) Use of alternative energy sources
like biomass, solar energy, Geothermal energy, Nuclear energy can be
of great achievement to save ourselves from falling into a dark deep well
of ENERGY CRISIS…..
10. Options for energy crisis and their drawbacks…
ETHANOL……….
Cost of producing 1 gallon of ethanol is approximately $1.75. Cost of producing
1 gallon of gasoline is $.95.
Corn yield is approximately 7110 lbs. per acre. To replace gasoline with ethanol
would require that 97% of the land in the United States be growing corn.
Biodiesel is considerably better than ethanol, but with an EROEI of three, it
still doesn't compare to oil, which has had an EROEI of about 30.
Conclusion
Since ethanol is a net energy loser with an EROEI of 1:1.3 ethanol will not be a
viable energy replacement for fossil fuels to any significant degree.
It would appear that government support of ethanol is nothing more than
political pandering. [See Final Comments]
11. Nuclear Power…….
Each 1 Gigawatt plant requires more than 150 tones of uranium per year, which would cost about
$8,250,000 per year at $25 per pound. Inventories of uranium are falling and there has been little response
to that in the way of more mine supply..
Nuclear power leaves a toxic legacy to all future generations; it produces global warming gases, most
notably CO2 , chlorofluorocarbon gas which is responsible for ozone depletion and which is 10,000 to 2000
times more potent than carbon dioxide, and radioactive isotopes such as krypton, xenon, argon and
tritium, which cause gene mutations; it is far more expensive than any other form of electricity generation;
and it can trigger proliferation of nuclear weapons..
Four of the most dangerous elements made in nuclear power plants are Iodine 131, Strontium 90, Cesium
137, and Plutonium 239, one of the most dangerous elements known to humans—so toxic that one-
millionth of a gram is carcinogenic. More than 200kg is made annually in each 1000-megawatt nuclear
power plant. Plutonium lasts for 500,000 years..
Conclusion
Nuclear power plants will provide some temporary relief from the oil shortfall. However, the more that are
built, the less time uranium will be available. If ten percent of the need (1000 plants) is met by nuclear
power then the supply of uranium will be depleted in less than 15 years.
The product, electricity, has little direct benefit to the transportation industry.
As a short-term solution, nuclear plants will not be available in time to offset the decline in the U.S.
Nuclear, as a long-term solution, is a dead-end street
12. Solar and Wind Power…
To replace the amount of energy produced by a single offshore drilling platform
that pumps only 12,000 barrels of oil per day, you would need either a 36 square
mile solar panel or 10,000 wind turbines.
Approximately 2/3 of our oil supply is used for transportation. Solar and wind
cannot be used as industrial-scale transportation fuels unless they are used to
produce hydrogen from water via electrolysis. The electrolysis process is a
simple one, but unfortunately it consumes 1.3 units of energy for every 1 unit of
energy it produces. In other words, it results in a net loss of energy. You can't
replace oil—which has a positive EROEI of about 30/1—with an energy source
that has a negative EROEI.
Less than one-sixth of one percent of our current energy needs now comes from
solar or wind. A predicted growth rate of 10 percent per year isn't going to do
much to soften our oil shortfall
Conclusion
On a household or village scale, solar and wind are certainly worthy
investments. But to hope/expect they are going to power more than a small
fraction of our global industrial economy is very unrealistic.
Solar and wind power is likely to provide less than five percent of the energy
required for our industrial society.
13. Coal..
There is some disparity in the facts available for coal consumption. One source says
world consumption is 2.58 billion tonnes and another sources says 4.56 billion tonnes.
World reserves are approximately 984 billion tonnes. In a worst case scenario, that
means 215 years of coal at present consumption. Population growth could reduce this
considerably and creating other uses for coal could reduce it to less than 100 years.
The environmental concerns of using coal would not be trivial. Coal is a dirty fuel and
produces impurities such as mercury, arsenic, and sulfur, as well as CO2.
It would not be very long until coal mining would reach a point at which it would take as
much energy to process as it would produce—an EROEI of 1:1. At that time mining
would halt.
Conclusion
Coal could provide a source for gasification, for fueling power plants, and for home
heating. It is not, however, a long term solution, and will be used only for several
decades due to fact that the alternatives are minimal. At that point it will become
depleted or not worth the energy costs of being mined.
14. Final Comments…
It seems that we have no options to replace the energy sources that are in
use today and can satisfy our daily needs of energy..It may be possible to
make a wide selection of energy to fulfill our household needs…Because of
our numbers and our technology, we humans greatly influence the ecology of
Earth. We humans, qualified or not, are at the controls. Earth does not
come with an operating manual. We humans need to look to science to create
one.
The coming era of limited and expensive energy will be very difficult for
everyone on Earth but it will be even more difficult if it is not anticipated.
It is of utmost importance that the public and especially policymakers
understand the global energy crisis and the underlying science……and
hope we should not discover fire for the second time human history……….
.