nergy resource Ashutosh_presesntation_ppt

1. Presentation Submitated to
Dr. Rakesh Negi
Assistant Professor
COHF
RANI LAKSHMI BAI CENTRAL AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE AND FORESTRY
Environmental studies and Disaster management
FNR 216
Topic:-Energy Resources : Growing
Energy Needs, Renewable & Nonrenewable Energy
sources & use of altern.

2. ENERGY RESOURCES
Energy is the capacity for doing work. It may exist in
potential, kinetic, thermal, electrical, chemical, nuclear, or
other forms.
Energy resources are all forms of fuels used in the
modern world, either for heating, generation of
electrical energy, or for other forms of energy
conversion processes. Energy resources can be roughly
classified in three categories: renewable, fossil, and
nuclear.
Sun is the ultimate source of energy.
Exploring alternative energy options key to sustanable
energy production

3. Growing energy need
 Approximately 80% of the world’s
energy is produced by fossil fuels
 World demand for Oil rose from 436
MT in 1960 to 3200 MT in 1999
 Coal 1043 MT in 1960 to 2146 MT in
1999
 Natural Gas 187 MT in 1960 to 2301
MT in 1999 As per UN Reports
 Coal, Oil, Gas, Water constitute main
constitute main sources of energy in
energy in India.

4. Commercial consumption of energy from coal (56%)
& Petroleum (32%) .
Traditional Sources of energy : wood, agriculture
waste & animal residue
Industrial sectors consuming about 50% of total
commercial energy
 Industrial energy consumption sources: fertilizer,
aluminum, textiles, cement, iron and steel and paper
 Farm sector energy consumption

5.  India rank 3rd amongst the coal producing
countries in the world
Electricity – from 7 kwh to 53 kwh
 Kerosene – from 6.6 kg to 9.9 kg
Cooking Gas – from 0.33 kg to 3.8 kg Annual
Consumption (Per household) 1970-71to1994-95

6. Between 1950 and 1990, the world’s energy
needs increased fourfold.
The world’s demand for electricity has doubled
over the last 22 years.
The world’s total primary energy consumption
in 2000 was 9096 million tons of oil.
 A global average per capita works out to be
1.5 tons of oil.
Electricity is at present the fastest growing
form of end-use energy worldwide.

7. By 2005 the Asia- Pacific region is expected to surpass
North America in energy consumption and by 2020 is
expected to consume some 40% more energy than
North America.
Annual growth in energy demand reached 8%
recently, doubling the historical average annual growth
rates of the past 30 years.
With GDP expected to grow by 7.5% and energy
demand expected to nearly double by 2030, India is set
to surpass Japan and Russia to become the world’s
third largest energy consumer after the U.S. and China.

8. Surging energy demand is outstripping supply, raising
concerns over the country’s energy security.
 India already faces chronic electricity shortages, a
situation that underscores the country’s need for
additional electricity generating capacity and the
county’s power demand is likely to increase by more
than five-fold by 2030.

9. Types :

10. NON RENEWABLE RESOURCES
(Conventional exhaustible energy sources):
Nonrenewable sources include fossil
fuels like
Mainly 3 types
 Fossil fuels: a)coal
b)natural gas
c)oil
d)peat
 Nuclear power
 Firewood
These sources are finite and contribute to
environmental degradation.
Transitioning away from nonrenewable sources is
necessary for a cleaner energy future.

11. Fossil fuels
 These are the most extensively used sources of
energy today.
 Factors responsible for depletion of fossil fuel:
 Increase in population and
 per capital energy demand
 industrialization at a faster rate
 Petroleum and natural gas to-day fulfill 60% of the
world‘s total energy requirements.
 If the exploitation and consumption of these
resources continues at the present incredible rate,
there supply may lost only for a few more decades

12. COAL
Coal is mostly carbon with variable amounts of other
elements, chiefly hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen.
 Coal is formed when dead plant matter decays into peat and is
converted into coal by the heat and pressure of deep burial over
millions of years.

13. Uses:

14. Natural gas
 Natural gas is an odorless, gaseous mixture of
hydrocarbons—predominantly made up of methane (CH4). It
accounts for about 30% of the energy used in the United States.

15. Oil
 Crude oil is a naturally occurring petroleum product
composed of hydrocarbon deposits and other organic
materials. A type of fossil fuel, crude oil is refined to produce
usable products including gasoline, diesel, and various other
forms of petrochemicals.

16. Peat
 Peat, also known as turf, is an accumulation of partially decayed
vegetation or organic matter
 Peat is used for domestic heating purposes as an alternative
to firewood and forms a fuel suitable for boiler firing in
either briquetted or pulverized form. Peat is also used for
household cooking in some places and has been used to
produce small amounts of electricity.

17. Nuclear power
 The supplies of nuclear energy are not exactly renewable but they will last for a very long time
because a great amount of electricity is produced from a small amount of radioactive material.
 In 1938 two German scientists Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassman demonstrated nuclear fission.
 They found they could split the nucleus of a uranium atom by bombarding it with neutrons.
As the nucleus split, some mass was converted to energy. The nuclear power industry
however was born in the late 1950s.
 The first large-scale nuclear power plant in the world became operational in 1957 in
Pennsylvania, US. Dr. Homi Jhangir Bhabha was the father of Nuclear Power development in
India.
 The disposal of nuclear waste is becoming an increasingly serious issue. These have high
economic as well as ecological costs that are not taken into account when developing new
nuclear installations.

18. Nuclear plants in India

19. Fire wood:
 Man has been logging down the trees for various
purposes including to get firewood as an important
one.
 This lead to thinning of woodland that had serious
consideration from both ecological and economic
viewpoints.
 The only way out to the problem is making available to
the village the cheaper non-conventional energy
sources, such as biogas and solar energy in usable
form.

20. Renewable resources
TYPES:-
 Solar energy
 Wind energy
 Atomic energy
 Hydel power
 Bio- energy
Biogas plant
Asia’s first Sidrapong
Hydel power station
Renewable sources such as solar, wind, hydro,
and geothermal power are abundant and
environmentally friendly.
Investing in renewable energy technologies can
reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Harnessing renewable sources can contribute to
energy security and independence.

21. Renewable resources.
 Natural sources, such as sunlight, wind,
biomass, water, wave, tide, and geothermal
heat, are the green energy sources.

22. Solar energy
 Research and application in the field of solar energy
have opened new vistas in the direction of fulfilling
world‘s future energy requirements.
 It is especially drawn attention for its practically free
steady supply and pollution free use.
 This resource can especially be tapped more effectively
in the regions where there are long run shine hours
 Almost 174-petawatt (PW) worth of energy falls on the
earth's atmosphere in the form of sunlight and is
equivalent to 10,000 times the energy consumed by
humans.

23. Harnessing of solar energy
 Harnessing solar energy involves two types
of technology:
 i) Direct solar electric or Photovoltaic systems: In
direct solar electric system, the photovoltaic cells
harness the sunlight and then transform it into
electricity.
 ii) Solar-thermal systems: This system can store heat
and produce electricity. Solar thermal systems capture
the solar radiation in the form of heat and then use
that heat mainly for two purposes:
 a) to produce electricity through a thermal cycle
process, and
 b) to supply heat for industrial and commercial
buildings and to heat space and water for households
purposes.

24. Wind energy
 The power of wind is being used in
running mills, irrigation of fields
and carrying out other farm
activities.
 According to DNES, Government of
India,
20,000 MW electricity can be
generated from the wind alone. Muppandal wind
farm in
Kanyakumari

25.  In 2020, wind was the most used renewable energy
source in the United States, which saw a 14%
growth from 2019 to 2020.
 Renewable energy became the second most
prevalent energy source in the United States,
producing 21% of the total electricity generated in
the U.S. in 2020.
 In 2019, according to IRENA Renewable Power
Generation Costs, solar and wind were reported to
be the cheapest energy sources.

26. Hydel power
 It is considered to be the cheapest source of electricity.
 The Brahmaputra basin has the highest hydropower potential and
nearly 30% of the country‘s production.
 Next to it rank the Indus, Godavari and Ganga basins respectively.
 Apart from economic consideration development of such projects
is beneficial for irrigation and other purposes.

27. Atomic energy
 Atomic power appears to
be the only hope for large-
scale energy requirements
when fossil fuels are
exhausted.
 Atomic energy has its
application not only in
generation of electricity
but has successfully
been used in chemical
and food processing
industry.
 The important constraints
:
 cost of construction
 maintenance of plants
 disposal of radioactive
wastes.

28. Bio- energy
 As compared to conventional resources , Organic
wastes provide an important renewable source of
energy.
 considered to be advantageous in view of its
relatively cheaper supply, and are of organic
wastes in its generation reduces the threat of
pollution due to their release in
environment.
 As such, it serves two purposes; fuel production
and waste disposal. It has more practical
applicability in villages where organic waste, in
the form of cattle dung, is available in plenty.
Biogas so generated is thus economic and
convenient to use practice of burning of dry
dung cakes.

29. Geothermal energy
This renewable energy source is independent of the
sun's power and gravitational attraction.
The below of the earth's crust possesses a massive
amount of thermal energy generated by the decay of
radioisotope of elements, such as uranium and thorium.
The production of geothermal carries out by drilling into
underground reservoirs, and the turbines generate
electricity.
Natural steam and hot water, a form of geothermal
energy, have been utilized for decades to generate
electricity .

30. Wave and tidal energy utilize the kinetic
energy of ocean waves and tides to
generate electricity.
These forms of energy are predictable and
have the potential to provide a consistent
power supply.
Wave and tidal energy technologies are
still in the early stages of development but
show promise for the future.
WAVE & TIDAL ENERGY

31. Policy & Regulation
Government policies and regulations play a
significant role in shaping the energy
landscape..
Collaboration between policymakers,
industry, and stakeholders is essential for
implementing effective energy strategies

32. Raising awareness about energy issues
and promoting energy literacy are essential
for fostering informed decision-making.
Educating the public about the benefits of
renewable energy and energy conservation
can drive behavioral change.
Engaging communities in energy planning
and decision-making processes empowers
them to participate in the energy transition
Public Awareness Education

33. The future of energy will be shaped by
technological innovation, policy
developments, and societal preferences.
Collaboration and cooperation at the global
level are essential for addressing energy
challenges and achieving a more
sustainable energy future.
Future Energy Outlook

34. Alternative energy resources
 Alternative energy is an umbrella term that refers
to any source of usable energy intended to
replace fuel sources without the undesired
consequences of the replaced fuels.
 Alternative energy refers to energy sources other
than fossil fuels (such as coal, petroleum, and
diesel) and includes all renewable and nuclear
energy sources.

35. Types
 1.Solar energy
 2. Wind energy
 3.Nuclear energy
 4.Biomass energy
 5.Hydrogen gas
 6.Tidal energy
 7.Biofuel

36. Pros and cons of Alternative energy
 Biomass comes from the burning of organic matter,
which is an efficient use of waste. However, this
process requires large landfill spaces and may result
in pollution due to the burning of this matter.
 The pros of wind energy are that it is sustainable,
wind turbines are relatively harmless to surrounding
wildlife and are inexpensive to build and maintain.

37.  Solar power has similar pros and cons to wind
energy: the sun will always shine just in varying
amounts on each day. The pros of solar power are
that there’s an unlimited supply of sunlight.
 However, it relies entirely on sunlight, so panels only
produce energy when the sun is shining. This
renders solar panels fairly useless on overcast days,
during the night, or if a building has a west-facing
roof.

38. Case study:
 Denver housing authority: leveraging power
purchase agreement for scattered site solar
installation.

39.  The Housing Authority of the City and County of Denver launched
a public-private partnership to install solar photovoltaic systems
across its portfolio of scattered-site, single family residential buildings.
The installations are financed through a Power Purchase Agreement
(PPA) with a solar provider that enables the PHA to achieve solar
installations with no up-front capital costs. Under the PPA, the meter
holders would pay for the power generated from the installed
systems, initially priced at a rate roughly comparable to the current
rates. Energy savings would occur in out-years as utility rates
increased beyond the energy rate specified in the PPA.

40. Thank you